广州珠江三角洲海水入侵地区地下水微粒的TEM分析及意义
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摘要
广州地区地下水咸化现象由来已久,通过透射电子显微镜对广州珠江三角洲地下水的咸化原因进行了研究,并评价了其咸化程度。通过研究广州地区地下水中的微粒特征,包括观察微粒的形貌、结晶程度和化学成分等特征,同时对比现代海水微粒特征,讨论了微粒特征用于地下水咸化原因探究和评价的可行性。研究发现,在咸化程度不同的样品中,微粒中Cl含量不同,没有咸化的样品中难以找到Cl元素,咸化程度越高,微粒中Cl含量可以越高。同时,在受到海水入侵的地下水微粒中发现了具有海洋来源含Sr、Ba等微量元素的微粒,这些微量元素在一定程度上可视为海水的示踪剂,说明该组地下水受到了不同程度的海水浸染。通过透射电子显微镜分析研究了地下水中的微粒,结果表明,该研究区地下水中的微粒继承了海水中的微粒特征,广州市地下水的咸化是由于海水入侵所致,因此,利用微粒特征用于海水入侵的判别分析和评价是可行的。类似地,该方法同样可用于水污染调查以及地下水找矿研究。
The groundwater salinization has been a long time problem in Guangzhou region.This paper uses transmission electron microscopy(TEM)to explore the reason of groundwater salinization and to evaluate the salinization degree.This paper mainly observes the morphology of the groundwater particles and the degree of crystallization,structure and chemical composition to summary and conclude the particles characteristics,and then,the particles characteristics of groundwater are compared with the particles characteristics of seawater.At the end,this paper discusses the feasibility of application of particles characteristics on the salinization reason detection and evaluation.The results show that the Cl value in different particles is different in different salinization degree samples,and the higher salinization degree the higher the Cl value in the particles.Meanwhile,Sr,Ba elements in the groundwater particles are observed from the saline groundwater samples which is regarded as a tracer of ocean water.It means that the group of groundwater has disseminated by seawater in different degree.The results indicate that the groundwater particles of the study area inherit the particulate characteristics of ocean water particles.The reason of Guangzhou groundwater salinization is due to seawater intrusion.Therefore analysis and evaluation seawater intrusion via particles characteristics analysis is feasible.Similarly,this method also can be used for water pollution investigation and study of groundwater prospecting.
The groundwater salinization has been a long time problem in Guangzhou region.This paper uses transmission electron microscopy(TEM)to explore the reason of groundwater salinization and to evaluate the salinization degree.This paper mainly observes the morphology of the groundwater particles and the degree of crystallization,structure and chemical composition to summary and conclude the particles characteristics,and then,the particles characteristics of groundwater are compared with the particles characteristics of seawater.At the end,this paper discusses the feasibility of application of particles characteristics on the salinization reason detection and evaluation.The results show that the Cl value in different particles is different in different salinization degree samples,and the higher salinization degree the higher the Cl value in the particles.Meanwhile,Sr,Ba elements in the groundwater particles are observed from the saline groundwater samples which is regarded as a tracer of ocean water.It means that the group of groundwater has disseminated by seawater in different degree.The results indicate that the groundwater particles of the study area inherit the particulate characteristics of ocean water particles.The reason of Guangzhou groundwater salinization is due to seawater intrusion.Therefore analysis and evaluation seawater intrusion via particles characteristics analysis is feasible.Similarly,this method also can be used for water pollution investigation and study of groundwater prospecting.
引文
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[19]Cao J J,Hu R Z,Liang Z R,et al.TEM observation of geogascarried particles from the Changkeng concealed gold deposit,Guangdong Province,South China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2009,101(3):247-253.
[20]曹建劲.地气微粒特征和元素含量结合探测隐伏矿床技术[J].金属矿山,2009(2):1-4.
[21]Grobéty B,GieréR,Dietze V,et al.Airborne particles in the urban environment[J].Elements,2010,6:229-234.
[22]GieréR,Querol X.Solid particulate matter in the atmosphere[J].Elements,2010,6:215-222.
[23]王忠忠,刘华.广州南部地区水文地质特征及含水层结构分析[J].地下水,2011,33(4):79-81.
[24]彭卫平,容穗红.广州市水文地质特征分析[J].城市勘测,2006(3):59-63.
[25]薛禹群,谢春红,吴吉春.海水入侵研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1992,19(6):29-33.
[2]杨进,刘庆成,程业勋,等.水环境地球物理方法的应用综述[J].地质科技情报,2000,19(2):107-110.
[3]Kisstiansson K,Malmqvist L.A new model mechanism for the transportation of radon through the ground[C]∥Fiftieth Annual International Meeting.Huston,Texas:[s.n.],1980.
[4]Malmqvist L,Kristiansson K.A physical mechanism for the release of free gases in the lithosphere[J].Geoexploration,1985,23(4):447-453.
[5]Kistiansson K,Malmqvist L.Evidence for nondiffusive transport of Rn in the ground and a new physical model for the transport[J].Geophysics,1982,47(10):1444-1452.
[6]Kristiansson K,Malmqvist L,Persson W.Geogas prospecting:A new tool in the search for concealed mineralizations[J].Endeavour,1990,14(1):28-33.
[7]Kristiansson K,Malmqvist L.Trace elements in the geogas and their relation to bedrock composition[J].Geoexploration,1987,24(6):517-534.
[8]童纯菡,梁兴中,李巨初,等.隐伏金矿床上的地气异常[J].科学通报,1990,35(16):1280.
[9]童纯菡,梁兴中,李巨初.地气测量研究及在东季金矿的试验[J].物探与化探,1992,16(6):445-451.
[10]Wang X,Xie X,Ye S.Concepts for geochemical gold exploration based on the abundance and distribution of ultrafine gold[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1995,55(1):93-101.
[11]王学求,谢学锦,卢荫庥.地气动态提取技术的研制及在寻找隐伏矿上的初步试验[J].物探与化探,1995,79(3):161-171.
[12]Wang X Q,Cheng Z Z,Liu D W,et al.Nanoscale metals in earthgas and mobile forms of metals in overburden in widespaced regional exploration for giant ore deposits in overburden terrains[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1997,58(1):63-72.
[13]伍宗华,金仰芬,古平,等.地气测量的原理及其在地质勘查中的应用[J].物探与化探,1996,20(4):259-264.
[14]任天祥,刘应汉,汪明启.纳米科学与隐伏矿藏:一种寻找隐伏矿的新方法、新技术[J].科技导报,1995(8):18-19.
[15]刘应汉,任天祥,汪明启.应用于矿产勘查的地下纳米物质[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,1997,16(4):250-253.
[16]尹冰川,伍宗华,金仰芬.地气溶胶测量:一种寻找隐伏矿床、研究深部构造地质的新方法、新技术[J].地质地球化学,1997,25(3):25-30.
[17]Tong C H,Li J C,Ge L Q,et al.Experimental observation of the nano-scale particles in geogas matters and its geological significance[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,1998,41(3):325-329.
[18]童纯菡,李巨初,葛良全,等.地气物质纳米微粒的实验观测及其意义[J].中国科学:D辑,1998,28(2):153-156.
[19]Cao J J,Hu R Z,Liang Z R,et al.TEM observation of geogascarried particles from the Changkeng concealed gold deposit,Guangdong Province,South China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2009,101(3):247-253.
[20]曹建劲.地气微粒特征和元素含量结合探测隐伏矿床技术[J].金属矿山,2009(2):1-4.
[21]Grobéty B,GieréR,Dietze V,et al.Airborne particles in the urban environment[J].Elements,2010,6:229-234.
[22]GieréR,Querol X.Solid particulate matter in the atmosphere[J].Elements,2010,6:215-222.
[23]王忠忠,刘华.广州南部地区水文地质特征及含水层结构分析[J].地下水,2011,33(4):79-81.
[24]彭卫平,容穗红.广州市水文地质特征分析[J].城市勘测,2006(3):59-63.
[25]薛禹群,谢春红,吴吉春.海水入侵研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1992,19(6):29-33.