外源氮输入对生长季黄河口碱蓬-土壤系统磷分布规律的影响
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摘要
为研究氮负荷不断增强情况下黄河口湿地磷的生物循环状况,选择黄河入海口北部滨岸高潮滩的碱蓬湿地为研究对象,基于野外原位氮(N)输入模拟试验,研究不同氮输入梯度[N0(对照处理),6.0 g/(m~2·a);N1(低氮处理),9.0 g/(m~2·a);N2(中氮处理),12.0 g/(m~2·a);N3(高氮处理),18.0 g/(m~2·a)]下生长季碱蓬湿地植物-土壤系统中w(TP)分布特征的差异.结果表明:外源氮输入对湿地表层(0～10 cm)土壤中w(TP)变化的影响较为明显,N2和N3处理下w(TP)整体高于N0和N1处理.不同氮处理下植物各器官的w(TP)生长初期表现为根>叶>茎,生长旺期和末期表现为叶>根>茎,说明叶是磷的主要累积器官.外源氮输入改变了碱蓬湿地的养分限制状况,随着氮输入量的增加,土壤和植物-土壤系统磷储量、氮供给的增幅远低于植物亚系统,说明氮、磷之间的养分供给存在不同步性.研究显示,在未来黄河口氮养分负荷不断增加的情况下,碱蓬湿地植物-土壤系统极有可能通过加速磷的生物循环来缓解日益加剧的磷养分限制状况,进而使得氮、磷养分之间可能形成正反馈机制,而这将有利于维持湿地系统的稳定与健康.
Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are two essential nutrients affecting the ecological processes and the stabilization of marsh ecosystems.Compared to N,P plays important roles in many special biogeochemical processes such as synthesizing P-containing compounds(e.g.nucleic acids,phospholipids and ribonucleotide),controlling the metabolism of carbohydrates in photosynthesis process and enhancing the resistance and adaptation to environmental stress.Estuarine marshes are crucial ecosystems in which the material-energy exchanges between continental river water and marine salt water occur and the effects of global climate change and human activities aggravate.Particularly,with the rapid industrialization and economic development in coastal zone,large quantities of pollutants containing N and P are imported into estuary,resulting in great effects on the habitation of flora and fauna in estuarine marsh.The Suaeda salsa marsh in high tidal flat of the northern Yellow River Estuary were selected as study object,and the total phosphorus(TP)in plant-soil system of S.salsa marsh in the Yellow River Estuary as affected by different N input treatments(N0,no N input treatment;N1,low N input treatment;N2,middle N input treatment;and N3,high N input treatment)was studied by in situ experiment of N input.The results showed that the influence of exogenous N input on the change of TP content in surface soil of the S.salsa marsh was obvious.The TP content in surface soil(0-10 cm)under N2 and N3 treatments was higher than that of N0 and N1 treatments.The TP contents in different organs of S.salsa under different N input treatments generally followed a leaf>root>stem pattern,indicating that leaves were the key tissues of phosphorus(P)accumulation.Exogenous nitrogen input changed the nutrient restriction status in the S.salsa marsh.With the increase in nitrogen input,although the limitation of P nutrient was intensified,the plant might achieve the best distribution of the obtained P nutrients by adjusting its own ecological characteristics.The increment of soil P stock and plant-soil system P stock were much lower than that of plant sub-system P stock and N supply,indicating that the nutrient supply between N and P was inconsistent.This study found that the increasingly severe P nutrient limitation might be alleviated by accelerating the P biological cycling rate of plant-soil system of S.salsa marsh and this,in turn,might form a positive feedback between N and P,which would favor the maintenance of stabilization and health of the marsh ecosystem.
Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are two essential nutrients affecting the ecological processes and the stabilization of marsh ecosystems.Compared to N,P plays important roles in many special biogeochemical processes such as synthesizing P-containing compounds(e.g.nucleic acids,phospholipids and ribonucleotide),controlling the metabolism of carbohydrates in photosynthesis process and enhancing the resistance and adaptation to environmental stress.Estuarine marshes are crucial ecosystems in which the material-energy exchanges between continental river water and marine salt water occur and the effects of global climate change and human activities aggravate.Particularly,with the rapid industrialization and economic development in coastal zone,large quantities of pollutants containing N and P are imported into estuary,resulting in great effects on the habitation of flora and fauna in estuarine marsh.The Suaeda salsa marsh in high tidal flat of the northern Yellow River Estuary were selected as study object,and the total phosphorus(TP)in plant-soil system of S.salsa marsh in the Yellow River Estuary as affected by different N input treatments(N0,no N input treatment;N1,low N input treatment;N2,middle N input treatment;and N3,high N input treatment)was studied by in situ experiment of N input.The results showed that the influence of exogenous N input on the change of TP content in surface soil of the S.salsa marsh was obvious.The TP content in surface soil(0-10 cm)under N2 and N3 treatments was higher than that of N0 and N1 treatments.The TP contents in different organs of S.salsa under different N input treatments generally followed a leaf>root>stem pattern,indicating that leaves were the key tissues of phosphorus(P)accumulation.Exogenous nitrogen input changed the nutrient restriction status in the S.salsa marsh.With the increase in nitrogen input,although the limitation of P nutrient was intensified,the plant might achieve the best distribution of the obtained P nutrients by adjusting its own ecological characteristics.The increment of soil P stock and plant-soil system P stock were much lower than that of plant sub-system P stock and N supply,indicating that the nutrient supply between N and P was inconsistent.This study found that the increasingly severe P nutrient limitation might be alleviated by accelerating the P biological cycling rate of plant-soil system of S.salsa marsh and this,in turn,might form a positive feedback between N and P,which would favor the maintenance of stabilization and health of the marsh ecosystem.
引文
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[15]BALDWIN A H. Nitrogen and phosphorus differentially affect annual and perennial plants in tidal freshwater and oligohaline wetlands[J].Estuaries&Coasts,2013,36(3):547-558.
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[21]遆超普,颜晓元.基于氮排放数据的中国大陆大气氮素湿沉降量估算[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(8):1606-1611.TI Chaopu,YAN Xiaoyuan. Estimation of atmospheric nitrogen wet deposition in china mainland from based on N emission data[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(8):1606-1611.
[22]段雷,郝吉明,谢绍东,等.用稳态法确定中国土壤的硫沉降和氮沉降临界负荷[J].环境科学,2002,23(2):7-12.DUAN Lei,HAO Jiming,XIE Shaodong,et al. Estimating critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen for Chinese soils by steady state method[J].Environmental Science,2002,23(2):7-12.
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