唐山市部分儿童身高生长状况调查分析
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摘要
目的了解唐山市部分地区儿童身高的发展现状并探讨影响身高的相关因素,为促进当地儿童体格发育提供基础资料。方法本研究于2015年9月对唐山市区及郊县的1 200例儿童(7~14岁)进行调查,采用方便抽样与问卷方式相结合的方式,就地区、睡眠时间、运动量、饮食习惯、智力、健康、经济状况、肥胖等19个相关因素分析儿童身高生长状况。采用SPSS 17.0软件包对数据进行统计分析,对两独立样本定量资料采用t检验、多组样本均数采用方差分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本研究发现地区、睡眠时间、运动量、饮食习惯、经济状况、肥胖等对身高均有影响(P<0.05)。市区儿童的身高高于县区儿童;但纵向来看,两地区儿童的身高差距逐渐缩小;儿童时期的最佳睡眠时间是7~9 h;适当运动可以促进骨骼发育;早晨饮奶及适量服用维生素D有助于儿童身高生长;随着经济水平的提高儿童身高有所增长;肥胖儿童身高水平低于正常儿童。结论除了内分泌和遗传因素外,环境因素也与身高发育相关,积极采取干预措施有利于增进儿童身高,提高身体素质。
Objectives To investigate the status of children height and analyze influence factors in Tangshan City, and to promote the physical development of local children. Methods In September 2015, 1200 children(7-14 years old) from Tangshan City and suburban counties were investigated with convenient sampling and questionnaire survey. A total of 19 related factors of height growth including region,amount of exercise, diet habit, sleep time, intelligence, health, economic condition and obesity were analyzed. Data was statistically analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software package. T-test was used for two independent samples, and variance analysis was used for comparison of multiple sets of sample mean.Inspection standard was α=0.05. Results Region, sleep time, amount of exercise, diet, economic condition and obesity were all influence factors of height(P<0.05). Heights of urban children were higher than those of county children, but the height gaps were reducing from longitudinal view. The best sleep time of childhood was 7-9 hours. Appropriate exercise could promote bone growth. Drinking milk in the morning, a moderate amount of vitamin D could improve children height growth. Heights grew with the improvement of economic level. The height levels of obese children were lower than those of normal children. Conclusions Besides endocrine and genetic factors, environment is also influence factor of children height. Taking positive measures for influence factors may improve the height of children and the quality of the body.
Objectives To investigate the status of children height and analyze influence factors in Tangshan City, and to promote the physical development of local children. Methods In September 2015, 1200 children(7-14 years old) from Tangshan City and suburban counties were investigated with convenient sampling and questionnaire survey. A total of 19 related factors of height growth including region,amount of exercise, diet habit, sleep time, intelligence, health, economic condition and obesity were analyzed. Data was statistically analyzed by using SPSS 17.0 software package. T-test was used for two independent samples, and variance analysis was used for comparison of multiple sets of sample mean.Inspection standard was α=0.05. Results Region, sleep time, amount of exercise, diet, economic condition and obesity were all influence factors of height(P<0.05). Heights of urban children were higher than those of county children, but the height gaps were reducing from longitudinal view. The best sleep time of childhood was 7-9 hours. Appropriate exercise could promote bone growth. Drinking milk in the morning, a moderate amount of vitamin D could improve children height growth. Heights grew with the improvement of economic level. The height levels of obese children were lower than those of normal children. Conclusions Besides endocrine and genetic factors, environment is also influence factor of children height. Taking positive measures for influence factors may improve the height of children and the quality of the body.
引文
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[2]国务院.国务院关于印发中国妇女发展纲要和中国儿童发展纲要的通知[EB/OL].[2011-07-30],http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-08/08/content_1920457.htm.
[3]季成叶,张欣.我国城市学生1985-2005年体格发育增长变化[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(10):1164.
[4]Ogden CL,Flegal KM,Carroll MD,et al.Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents[J].JAMA,2002,288(14):1728.
[5]季成叶.儿童少年卫生学[M].7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:15.
[6]黄海清.体育运动对儿童身高及骨龄影响的调查[J].中国临床康复,2003,7(12):1861.
[7]季成叶.牛奶对儿童青少年生长发育的长期影响[J].中国学校卫生,2007,28(5):478-480.
[8]Johnson CC Jr,Miller JZ,Slemenda CW,et al.Calcium supplementation and increases in home mineral density in children[J].N Engl J Med,1992,327(2):82-88.
[9]谭琪,徐勇.中国儿童青少年超重发展趋势分析[J].中国学校卫生,2003,24(6):609-610.
[10]Prentice AM.Obesity and its potential mechanistic basis[J].Bri Med Bul,2001,(60):51-67.
[11]李辉,季成叶,宗心南,等.中国0-18岁儿童,青少年身高、体重的标准化生长曲线[J].中国儿科杂志,2009,47(7):487-492.
[12]蒋竞雄,王燕,连光利.儿童体格生长评价及身高保健方法[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2012,20(11):963-965.
[13]赖晓清,谢娟.影响青少年儿童发育的因素分析[J].新西部:下半月,2010(6):240-241.
[14]史俊霞,沈彤,曾国章.厦门市3-6岁儿童体格发育及其影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(11):1378.