温度和水分对赖草种子萌发的影响
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摘要
利用聚乙二醇(PEG)试剂室内模拟不同干旱(0、-0.10、-0.20、-0.40、-0.80、-1.60 MPa)和温度(10、15、20、25、30℃)环境条件,对西藏班戈县野生型赖草(Leymus secalinus)种子萌发特性进行研究。结果表明,赖草种子在恒温10~30℃和变温10~30℃均能萌发.恒温25℃处理下,种子萌发达到了最佳响应;恒温15℃和变温20/30℃处理对赖草种子发芽率具有显著影响(P<0.05),而恒温10和30℃对赖草种子发芽率具有极显著影响(P<0.05);随着PEG渗透势的增加,赖草种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和胚芽长均出现了不同程度的下降现象,而胚根则表现为先升后降的变化现象。25℃和蒸馏水处理下,野生赖草种子萌发效果最佳;而在25℃和-0.10~0 MPa渗透势处理下,赖草种子胚根优于胚芽生长。
This study used a polyethylene glycol reagent and indoor simulation of different levels of drought stress(0,-0.10,-0.20,-0.40,-0.80,and-1.60 MPa)and temperatures(10,15,20,25,and 30℃)to study the seed germination characteristics of Leymussecalinusfrom Baingoin County of Xizang.The results showed that L.secalinus seeds can germinate in constant or variable(alternating)temperatures in the range of10~30 ℃.A constant temperature of 15 ℃ and alternating temperatures of 20/30 ℃ had significant effects on seed germination,while constant temperatures 10℃and 30℃ had extremely significant effects on germination percentage;seed germination was best at 25 ℃.With increasing PEG osmotic potential,the germination rate,germination index,vigor index,and plumule length showed different downward trends,while the radicle length first increased and then decreased.The germination rate of wild L.secalinus was the best(84%)under culture conditions involving 25 ℃ temperature and distilled water,among all the different temperatures and PEG osmotic potentials.At 25 ℃ and-0.10 to 0 MPa osmotic potential,the radicle growth of L.secalinus was better than that of the plumule.
This study used a polyethylene glycol reagent and indoor simulation of different levels of drought stress(0,-0.10,-0.20,-0.40,-0.80,and-1.60 MPa)and temperatures(10,15,20,25,and 30℃)to study the seed germination characteristics of Leymussecalinusfrom Baingoin County of Xizang.The results showed that L.secalinus seeds can germinate in constant or variable(alternating)temperatures in the range of10~30 ℃.A constant temperature of 15 ℃ and alternating temperatures of 20/30 ℃ had significant effects on seed germination,while constant temperatures 10℃and 30℃ had extremely significant effects on germination percentage;seed germination was best at 25 ℃.With increasing PEG osmotic potential,the germination rate,germination index,vigor index,and plumule length showed different downward trends,while the radicle length first increased and then decreased.The germination rate of wild L.secalinus was the best(84%)under culture conditions involving 25 ℃ temperature and distilled water,among all the different temperatures and PEG osmotic potentials.At 25 ℃ and-0.10 to 0 MPa osmotic potential,the radicle growth of L.secalinus was better than that of the plumule.
引文
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[7]回振龙,李自龙,刘文瑜,李朝周,张鑫,徐毅,张晓芳,王栋.黄腐酸浸种对PEG模拟干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.西北植物学报,2013,33(8):1621-1629.Hui Z L,Li Z L,Liu W Y,Li C Z,Zhang X,Xu Y,Zhang X F,Wang D.Effects of seed soaking in fulvic acid solution on seed germination and seedling growth in Medicago sativa L.under PEG simulated drought stress.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2013,33(8):1621-1629.(in Chinese)
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[10]王传旗,德吉卓玛,张佳,扎西次仁,苗彦军.盐胁迫对西藏3种野生披碱草属牧草种子发芽的影响.草业与畜牧,2016(6):17-22.Wang C Q,Dejizhuoma,Zhang J,Zhaxiciren,Miao Y J.Salt stress on three wild Elymus forages germination of Tibet.Pratacultural and Animal Husbandry,2016(6):17-22.(in Chinese)
[11]王传旗,武俊喜,余成群,王明涛,包赛很那,苗彦军.环境因子对西藏巴青县野生垂穗披碱草种子萌发的影响.草地学报,2017,25(5):1103-1107.Wang C Q,Wu J X,Yu C Q,Wang M T,Baosaihenna,Miao Y J.Influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Elymus nutans Griseb.inBaqing county of Tibet.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(5):1103-1107.(in Chinese)
[12]Miche B E,Kavfmann M R.The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000.Plant Physidogy,1973,51(5):914-916.
[13]孙艳茹,石屹,陈国军,闫慧峰.PEG模拟干旱胁迫下8种绿肥作物萌发特性与抗旱性评价.草业学报,2015,24(3):89-98.Sun Y R,Shi Y,Chen G J,Yan H F.Evaluation of the germination characteristics and drought resistance of green manure crops under PEG stress.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(3):89-98.(in Chinese)
[14]郭晋梅,刘娟,董宽虎.PEG胁迫对白羊草种子萌发的影响.中国草地学报,2015,37(2):58-62.Guo J M,Liu J,Dong K H.Effect of PEG-6000stress on seed germination of Bothriochica ischaemum.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2015,37(2):58-62.(in Chinese)
[15]王传旗,徐雅梅,梁莎,沈振西,余成群,张尚雄,张卫红,王小川,苗彦军.西藏野生老芒麦种子萌发对温度和水分的的响应.作物杂志,2017(6):165-169.Wang C Q,Xu Y M,Liang S,Shen Z X,Yu C Q,Zhang S X,Zhang W H,Wang X C,Miao Y J.Germination responses of Elymus sibiricus L.seed to temperature and moisture.Crops,2017(6):165-169.(in Chinese)
[16]王传旗,徐雅梅,白玛曲珍,次旺卓玛,张佳佳,苗彦军.光、温对西藏3种野生披碱草属牧草种子萌发的影响.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(9):150-154.Wang C Q,Xu Y M,Baimaquzhen,Ciwangzhuoma,Zhang J J,Miao Y J.The effect of light and temperature on Tibet three wild Elymus forage seeds germination.Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2017(9):150-154.(in Chinese)
[17]胡筑兵,陈亚华,王桂萍,沈振国.铜胁迫对玉米幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响.植物学通报,2006,23(2):129-137.Hu Z B,Chen Y H,Wang G P,Shen Z G.Effects of copper stress on growth,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities of Zea mays L.seedlings.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2006,23(2):129-137.(in Chinese)
[18]Tahar T,Mustapha G,Mohamed N.Germination responses of Diplotaxis harra to temperature and salinity.Journal of Arid Environments,2008,203:421-428.(in Chinese)
[19]丁佳红,薛正莲,杨超英.水杨酸对铜胁迫下水稻幼苗膜脂过氧化作用的影响.黑龙江农业科学,2013(1):14-18.Ding J H,Xue Z L,Yang C Y.Effect of salicylic acid on membrane lipid peroxidation in rice seedlings under copper stress.Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2013(1):14-18.(in Chinese)
[20]温涛,陈伟,史静,陈本建.温度对赖草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.青海草业,2013,22(3):2-5.Wen T,Chen W,Shi J,Chen B J.Leymus secalinus(Georgi)Tzvel.seed germination response to temperature.Qinghai Prataculture,2013,22(3):2-5.(in Chinese)
[21]许振柱,周广胜.不同温度条件下土壤水分对羊草幼苗生长特性的影响.生态学杂志,2005,24(3):256-260.Xu Z Z,Zhou G S.Effects of soil moisture on growth characteristics of Leymus chinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.seedlings under different temperature condition.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(3):256-260.(in Chinese)
[22]刘玉英,李卓琳,韩佳育,穆春生.模拟降雨量变化与CO2浓度升高对羊草光合特性和生物量的影响.草业学报,2015,24(11):128-136.Liu Y Y,Li Z L,Han J Y,Mu C S.Influences of precipitation regimes and elevated CO2on photosynthesis and biomass accumulation in Leymus chinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(11):128-136.(in Chinese)
[23]胡卉芳,王照兰,史万光,杜建材,蔚瑛.PEG胁迫下达乌里胡枝子种子萌发期的抗旱性差异.中国草地学报,2007,29(6):86-91.Hu H F,Wang Z L,Shi W G,Du J C,Wei Y.Study on drought resistance of different Lespedeza davurica materials at seed germination stage stressed with PEG.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2007,29(6):86-91.(in Chinese)
[24]刘贵河,郭郁频,任永霞,曹春梅.PEG胁迫下5种牧草饲料作物种子萌发期的抗旱性研究.种子,2013,11(32):15-19.Liu G H,Guo Y P,Ren Y X,Cao C M.Study on drought resistance of five finds forage and crops during seed germination period under PEG stress.Seed,2013,11(32):15-19.(in Chinese)
[25]鱼小军,陈本建,师尚礼,魏国斌,满元荣,马燕玲.温度和水分对醉马草种子萌发的影响.草地学报,2009,17(2):219-221.Yu X J,Chen B J,Shi S L,Wei G B,Man Y R,Ma Y L.Effect of temperature and moisture condition on seed germination of Achnatherum inebriants(Hance)Keng.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2009,17(2):219-221.(in Chinese)
[26]肖亮,易自力,段楚青,蒋建雄.水分胁迫对芒草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.中国草地学报,2014,36(3):40-45.Xiao L,Yi Z L,Duan C Q,Jiang J X.Effect of PEG on seed germination and seedling growth of Miscanthus sinensis.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2014,36(3):40-45.(in Chinese)
[2]葛庆征,张卫国,张灵菲,卫万荣.温度对垂穗披碱草种子萌发的影响.草业科学,2012,29(5):759-767.Ge Q Z,Zhang W G,Zhang L F,Wei W R.Effects of temperature on the germination of Elymus nutans Griseb.seeds.Pratacultural Science,2012,29(5):759-767.(in Chinese)
[3]郭本兆.青海经济植物志.西宁:青海人民出版社,1987.Guo B Z.Qinghai Economic Flora.Xining:Qinghai People’s Publishing House,1987.(in Chinese)
[4]宋兆伟,郝丽珍,黄振英,李娜,赵清岩.光照和温度对沙芥和斧翅沙芥植物种子萌发的影响.生态学报,2010,30(10):2562-2568.Song Z W,Hao L Z,Huang Z Y,Li N,Zhao Q Y.Effects of light and temperature on the germination of Pugionium comutum(L.)Gaertn.and Pugionium dolabratum Maxim.seeds.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(10):2562-2568.(in Chinese)
[5]闫兴富,周立彪,思彬彬,孙毅,高永峰,王瑞霞.不同温度下PEG-6000模拟干旱对柠条锦鸡儿种子萌发的胁迫效应.生态学报,2016,36(7):1989-1996.Yan X F,Zhou L B,Si B B,Sun Y,Gao Y F,Wang R X.Stress effects of simulated drought by polyethylene glycol on the germination of Caragarra korshinskii Kom.seeds under different temperature conditions.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(7):1989-1996.(in Chinese)
[6]史静,赖大伟,梁永良,姚娜,易显凤,赖志强.赖草种子发芽特性研究.青海草业,2016,25(3):5-8.Shi J,Lai D W,Liang Y L,Yao N,Yi X F,Lai Z Q.The research of Leymus secalinus(Georgi)Tzvel.seeds germination characteristics.Qinghai Prataculture,2016,25(3):5-8.(in Chinese)
[7]回振龙,李自龙,刘文瑜,李朝周,张鑫,徐毅,张晓芳,王栋.黄腐酸浸种对PEG模拟干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.西北植物学报,2013,33(8):1621-1629.Hui Z L,Li Z L,Liu W Y,Li C Z,Zhang X,Xu Y,Zhang X F,Wang D.Effects of seed soaking in fulvic acid solution on seed germination and seedling growth in Medicago sativa L.under PEG simulated drought stress.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2013,33(8):1621-1629.(in Chinese)
[8]刘自刚,沈冰,张雁.桔梗种子萌发对低温、干旱及互作胁迫的响应.生态学报,2013,33(8):2615-2622.Liu Z G,Shen B,Zhang Y.Morphological responses to temperature,drought stress and their interaction dining seed germination of Platycodorn grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC..Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(8):2615-2622.(in Chinese)
[9]Geng Y,Wang J,Baskin C C,Baskin J M.Testing seed germination responses to water and salinity stresses to gain insight on suitable microhabitats for restoration of cold desert shrubs.Journal of Arid Environments,2014,100-101:89-92.
[10]王传旗,德吉卓玛,张佳,扎西次仁,苗彦军.盐胁迫对西藏3种野生披碱草属牧草种子发芽的影响.草业与畜牧,2016(6):17-22.Wang C Q,Dejizhuoma,Zhang J,Zhaxiciren,Miao Y J.Salt stress on three wild Elymus forages germination of Tibet.Pratacultural and Animal Husbandry,2016(6):17-22.(in Chinese)
[11]王传旗,武俊喜,余成群,王明涛,包赛很那,苗彦军.环境因子对西藏巴青县野生垂穗披碱草种子萌发的影响.草地学报,2017,25(5):1103-1107.Wang C Q,Wu J X,Yu C Q,Wang M T,Baosaihenna,Miao Y J.Influence of environmental factors on seed germination of Elymus nutans Griseb.inBaqing county of Tibet.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(5):1103-1107.(in Chinese)
[12]Miche B E,Kavfmann M R.The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000.Plant Physidogy,1973,51(5):914-916.
[13]孙艳茹,石屹,陈国军,闫慧峰.PEG模拟干旱胁迫下8种绿肥作物萌发特性与抗旱性评价.草业学报,2015,24(3):89-98.Sun Y R,Shi Y,Chen G J,Yan H F.Evaluation of the germination characteristics and drought resistance of green manure crops under PEG stress.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(3):89-98.(in Chinese)
[14]郭晋梅,刘娟,董宽虎.PEG胁迫对白羊草种子萌发的影响.中国草地学报,2015,37(2):58-62.Guo J M,Liu J,Dong K H.Effect of PEG-6000stress on seed germination of Bothriochica ischaemum.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2015,37(2):58-62.(in Chinese)
[15]王传旗,徐雅梅,梁莎,沈振西,余成群,张尚雄,张卫红,王小川,苗彦军.西藏野生老芒麦种子萌发对温度和水分的的响应.作物杂志,2017(6):165-169.Wang C Q,Xu Y M,Liang S,Shen Z X,Yu C Q,Zhang S X,Zhang W H,Wang X C,Miao Y J.Germination responses of Elymus sibiricus L.seed to temperature and moisture.Crops,2017(6):165-169.(in Chinese)
[16]王传旗,徐雅梅,白玛曲珍,次旺卓玛,张佳佳,苗彦军.光、温对西藏3种野生披碱草属牧草种子萌发的影响.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(9):150-154.Wang C Q,Xu Y M,Baimaquzhen,Ciwangzhuoma,Zhang J J,Miao Y J.The effect of light and temperature on Tibet three wild Elymus forage seeds germination.Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2017(9):150-154.(in Chinese)
[17]胡筑兵,陈亚华,王桂萍,沈振国.铜胁迫对玉米幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响.植物学通报,2006,23(2):129-137.Hu Z B,Chen Y H,Wang G P,Shen Z G.Effects of copper stress on growth,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities of Zea mays L.seedlings.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2006,23(2):129-137.(in Chinese)
[18]Tahar T,Mustapha G,Mohamed N.Germination responses of Diplotaxis harra to temperature and salinity.Journal of Arid Environments,2008,203:421-428.(in Chinese)
[19]丁佳红,薛正莲,杨超英.水杨酸对铜胁迫下水稻幼苗膜脂过氧化作用的影响.黑龙江农业科学,2013(1):14-18.Ding J H,Xue Z L,Yang C Y.Effect of salicylic acid on membrane lipid peroxidation in rice seedlings under copper stress.Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences,2013(1):14-18.(in Chinese)
[20]温涛,陈伟,史静,陈本建.温度对赖草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.青海草业,2013,22(3):2-5.Wen T,Chen W,Shi J,Chen B J.Leymus secalinus(Georgi)Tzvel.seed germination response to temperature.Qinghai Prataculture,2013,22(3):2-5.(in Chinese)
[21]许振柱,周广胜.不同温度条件下土壤水分对羊草幼苗生长特性的影响.生态学杂志,2005,24(3):256-260.Xu Z Z,Zhou G S.Effects of soil moisture on growth characteristics of Leymus chinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.seedlings under different temperature condition.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(3):256-260.(in Chinese)
[22]刘玉英,李卓琳,韩佳育,穆春生.模拟降雨量变化与CO2浓度升高对羊草光合特性和生物量的影响.草业学报,2015,24(11):128-136.Liu Y Y,Li Z L,Han J Y,Mu C S.Influences of precipitation regimes and elevated CO2on photosynthesis and biomass accumulation in Leymus chinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(11):128-136.(in Chinese)
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