新型变压器抽头注入式无功补偿系统机理研究
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摘要
针对传统中压配网直挂式(distribution static synchronous compensator,D-STATCOM)电压应力大、电流应力小的特点,结合配电变低负载率的运行特征,该文提出一种新型变压器绕组抽头注入式D-STATCOM结构,通过自耦连接从变压器抽头注入补偿电流进行无功补偿。通过建立三绕组自耦变压器相量模型,研究抽头注入式无功补偿系统的补偿机理,得到注入电流后绕组电流的分布规律及补偿容量与变压器负载率的约束关系,并给出控制系统的设计方法。通过仿真和动模实验验证理论分析结果,表明绕组注入式无功补偿系统具有良好的补偿效果和快速的动态响应。
The conventional transformerless distribution static synchronous compensator(D-STATCOM) in medium or high voltage applications has characteristics of high voltage stress but low current ratings. Combining with the low load ratio of the existing distribution transformer, this paper proposed a novel winding taps injection D-STATCOM structure. The compensation currents are injected via the winding taps and the whole system works like an autotransformer. A three-winding autotransformer phasor model was built to explain the compensation mechanism. The currents distribution of the windings after compensation and constraint condition of the output capacity of the D-STATCOM were also analyzed in detail. The control system was also designed. Both simulation and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the good performance and fast response of the proposed structure.
The conventional transformerless distribution static synchronous compensator(D-STATCOM) in medium or high voltage applications has characteristics of high voltage stress but low current ratings. Combining with the low load ratio of the existing distribution transformer, this paper proposed a novel winding taps injection D-STATCOM structure. The compensation currents are injected via the winding taps and the whole system works like an autotransformer. A three-winding autotransformer phasor model was built to explain the compensation mechanism. The currents distribution of the windings after compensation and constraint condition of the output capacity of the D-STATCOM were also analyzed in detail. The control system was also designed. Both simulation and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the good performance and fast response of the proposed structure.
引文
[1]Shahnia F,Rajakaruna S,Ghosh A.Static compensators(STATCOMs)in power systems[M].Singapore:Springer,2015.
[2]常非,王一,梅红明,等.35k V直挂式角接链式STATCOM控制策略[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):121-126.Chang Fei,Wang Yi,Mei Hongming,et al.Control strategies of 35 k V transformerless delta connection chain STATCOM[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):121-126(in Chinese).
[3]赵波.提高静止同步补偿器运行性能的关键技术研究[D].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2013.Zhao Bo.Key technology research to improve the operational performance of the cascade static synchronous compensator[D].Beijing:China Electric Power Research Institute,2013(in Chinese).
[4]Rahmani S,Hamadi A,Al-Haddad K,et al.A combination of shunt hybrid power filter and thyristorcontrolled reactor for power quality[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(5):2152-2164.
[5]Wang Lei,Lam C S,Wong M C.A hybrid-STATCOM with wide compensation range and low DC-link voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(6):3333-3343.
[6]Rahmani S,Hamadi A,Mendalek N,et al.A new control technique for three-phase shunt hybrid power filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(8):2904-2915.
[7]Kumar C,Mishra M K.An improved hybrid DSTATCOM topology to compensate reactive and nonlinear loads[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(12):6517-6527.
[8]刘鹏,董勤晓,马海超.基于自耦变压器的新型动态无功补偿装置[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2009,30(3):14-17,21.Liu Peng,Dong Qinxiao,Ma Haichao.A noval dynamic reactive power compensator based on autotransformer[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2009,30(3):14-17,21(in Chinese).
[9]胡斯佳,张志文,李勇,等.一种绕组补偿式电气化铁道电能质量控制系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(13):2140-2150.Hu Sijia,Zhang Zhiwen,Li Yong,et al.A winding compensating power quality control system for electrified railway[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(13):2140-2150(in Chinese).
[10]张志文,陈明飞,胡斯佳,等.基于星形三角形接线多功能平衡变压器的负序和谐波综合治理系统[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(9):159-165.Zhang Zhiwen,Chen Mingfei,Hu Sijia,et al.Comprehensive negative-sequence and harmonic suppression system based on Y-D multi-function balance transformer[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(9):159-165(in Chinese).
[11]Wang Cunping,Yin Xianggen,Zhang Zhe,et al.A novel compensation technology of static synchronous compensator integrated with distribution transformer[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(2):1032-1039.
[12]熊卿,张哲,尹项根,等.新型配电变压器一体化STATCOM技术研究[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(10):262-269.Xiong Qing,Zhang Zhe,Yin Xianggen,et al.A novel integration technology of distribution transformer and static var compensation system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(10):262-269(in Chinese).
[13]Franklin A C,Franklin D P.The J&P transformer book:a practical technology of the power transformer[M].11th Edition.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1983.
[14]岳昊,徐永海,刘颖英,等.特高压交流系统三绕组自耦变压器非线性模型的研究[J].电工电能新技术,2010,29(3):44-48,58.Yue Hao,Xu Yonghai,Liu Yingying,et al.Study of nonlinear model of three-winding autotransformer in ultra high voltage AC transmission system[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2010,29(3):44-48,58(in Chinese).
[15]IEEE Power and Energy Society.IEEE Std 519TM-2014IEEE recommended practice and requirements for harmonic control in electric power systems[S].New York:IEEE Power and Energy Society,2014:1-213.
[16]Farivar G,Hredzak B,Agelidis V G.Decoupled control system for cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter based STATCOM[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(1):322-331.
[17]王轩,林嘉扬,滕乐天,等.d-q-0坐标系下链式STATCOM电流控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(15):48-54.Wang Xuan,Lin Jiayang,Teng Letian,et al.Current control strategy of chain circuit STATCOM in d-q-0coordinates[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(15):48-54(in Chinese).
[18]赵波,郭剑波,周飞.链式STATCOM相间直流电压平衡控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(34):36-41.Zhao Bo,Guo Jianbo,Zhou Fei.DC voltage balance control strategy among phases for cascaded STATCOM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(34):36-41(in Chinese).
[19]Akagi H,Inoue S,Yoshii T.Control and performance of a transformerless cascade PWM STATCOM with star configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2007,43(4):1041-1049.
[20]Maharjan L,Inoue S,Akagi H.A transformerless energy storage system based on a cascade multilevel PWM converter with star configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2008,44(5):1621-1630.
[21]Lee C T,Wang B S,Chen Shengwan,et al.Average power balancing control of a STATCOM based on the cascaded H-bridge PWM converter with star configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2014,50(6):3893-3901.
[2]常非,王一,梅红明,等.35k V直挂式角接链式STATCOM控制策略[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):121-126.Chang Fei,Wang Yi,Mei Hongming,et al.Control strategies of 35 k V transformerless delta connection chain STATCOM[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):121-126(in Chinese).
[3]赵波.提高静止同步补偿器运行性能的关键技术研究[D].北京:中国电力科学研究院,2013.Zhao Bo.Key technology research to improve the operational performance of the cascade static synchronous compensator[D].Beijing:China Electric Power Research Institute,2013(in Chinese).
[4]Rahmani S,Hamadi A,Al-Haddad K,et al.A combination of shunt hybrid power filter and thyristorcontrolled reactor for power quality[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(5):2152-2164.
[5]Wang Lei,Lam C S,Wong M C.A hybrid-STATCOM with wide compensation range and low DC-link voltage[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(6):3333-3343.
[6]Rahmani S,Hamadi A,Mendalek N,et al.A new control technique for three-phase shunt hybrid power filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(8):2904-2915.
[7]Kumar C,Mishra M K.An improved hybrid DSTATCOM topology to compensate reactive and nonlinear loads[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(12):6517-6527.
[8]刘鹏,董勤晓,马海超.基于自耦变压器的新型动态无功补偿装置[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2009,30(3):14-17,21.Liu Peng,Dong Qinxiao,Ma Haichao.A noval dynamic reactive power compensator based on autotransformer[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2009,30(3):14-17,21(in Chinese).
[9]胡斯佳,张志文,李勇,等.一种绕组补偿式电气化铁道电能质量控制系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(13):2140-2150.Hu Sijia,Zhang Zhiwen,Li Yong,et al.A winding compensating power quality control system for electrified railway[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(13):2140-2150(in Chinese).
[10]张志文,陈明飞,胡斯佳,等.基于星形三角形接线多功能平衡变压器的负序和谐波综合治理系统[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(9):159-165.Zhang Zhiwen,Chen Mingfei,Hu Sijia,et al.Comprehensive negative-sequence and harmonic suppression system based on Y-D multi-function balance transformer[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(9):159-165(in Chinese).
[11]Wang Cunping,Yin Xianggen,Zhang Zhe,et al.A novel compensation technology of static synchronous compensator integrated with distribution transformer[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(2):1032-1039.
[12]熊卿,张哲,尹项根,等.新型配电变压器一体化STATCOM技术研究[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(10):262-269.Xiong Qing,Zhang Zhe,Yin Xianggen,et al.A novel integration technology of distribution transformer and static var compensation system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(10):262-269(in Chinese).
[13]Franklin A C,Franklin D P.The J&P transformer book:a practical technology of the power transformer[M].11th Edition.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1983.
[14]岳昊,徐永海,刘颖英,等.特高压交流系统三绕组自耦变压器非线性模型的研究[J].电工电能新技术,2010,29(3):44-48,58.Yue Hao,Xu Yonghai,Liu Yingying,et al.Study of nonlinear model of three-winding autotransformer in ultra high voltage AC transmission system[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2010,29(3):44-48,58(in Chinese).
[15]IEEE Power and Energy Society.IEEE Std 519TM-2014IEEE recommended practice and requirements for harmonic control in electric power systems[S].New York:IEEE Power and Energy Society,2014:1-213.
[16]Farivar G,Hredzak B,Agelidis V G.Decoupled control system for cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter based STATCOM[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(1):322-331.
[17]王轩,林嘉扬,滕乐天,等.d-q-0坐标系下链式STATCOM电流控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(15):48-54.Wang Xuan,Lin Jiayang,Teng Letian,et al.Current control strategy of chain circuit STATCOM in d-q-0coordinates[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(15):48-54(in Chinese).
[18]赵波,郭剑波,周飞.链式STATCOM相间直流电压平衡控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(34):36-41.Zhao Bo,Guo Jianbo,Zhou Fei.DC voltage balance control strategy among phases for cascaded STATCOM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(34):36-41(in Chinese).
[19]Akagi H,Inoue S,Yoshii T.Control and performance of a transformerless cascade PWM STATCOM with star configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2007,43(4):1041-1049.
[20]Maharjan L,Inoue S,Akagi H.A transformerless energy storage system based on a cascade multilevel PWM converter with star configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2008,44(5):1621-1630.
[21]Lee C T,Wang B S,Chen Shengwan,et al.Average power balancing control of a STATCOM based on the cascaded H-bridge PWM converter with star configuration[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2014,50(6):3893-3901.