载荷对MoS_2/C复合薄膜摩擦学行为的影响
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摘要
采用直流磁控溅射与高功率磁脉冲磁控溅射制备了以Ti为过渡层的MoS_2/C复合薄膜,并对其结构、组分、力学性能以及摩擦学行为进行了研究.摩擦测试结果表明:载荷增加时,摩擦系数与磨损率呈规律性降低趋势;通过赫兹接触模型对平均摩擦系数进行分析拟合,发现载荷的变化带来赫兹接触面积与接触压强的不同,导致了摩擦系数的变化;通过对摩擦产物的拉曼光谱分析发现不同载荷对非晶碳石墨化程度影响不明显;借助透射电子显微镜对转移膜的微结构进行分析,发现转移膜主要是排列有序且基面平行于滑移界面的MoS_2层,使其在较高载荷下仍具有低的剪切强度,因而获得低的摩擦系数.进一步采用同一磨球、磨痕体系从高载荷到低载荷变化的连续摩擦验证式试验,可以得出,MoS_2/C复合薄膜在所有高载荷条件下获得低摩擦系数,赫兹接触起着主导作用.
MoS_2/C composite films with Ti interlayer were prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering and high power impulse magnetron sputtering,and the structure,composition and mechanical properties were characterized.The tribological tests were carried out on a ball-on-disc tribometer,and results show that the friction coefficient and the wear rate decreased regularly with an increasing load.The average friction coefficient was analyzed and fitted by Hertzian contact model,combined with the wear tracks and wear scars observed by scanning electron microscopy.It is found that the change in load resulted in a difference of the Hertzian contact area and the Hertzian contact pressure,which led to the change of the friction coefficient.Wear products detected by Raman spectroscopy showed that different loads did not cause the different graphitization degree of amorphous carbon.Microstructure of the transfer film analyzed by transmission electron microscopy showed that the transfer film was finely-aligned MoS_2 with basal plane in parallel to the shearing direction,which had a lower shear strength at higher loads and thus resulted in a low coefficient of friction.Based on the results of the experimental verification with the loads varied from high to low in the same tribological conditions,it can be concluded Hertzian contact accounted for a low coefficient of friction at high loads.
MoS_2/C composite films with Ti interlayer were prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering and high power impulse magnetron sputtering,and the structure,composition and mechanical properties were characterized.The tribological tests were carried out on a ball-on-disc tribometer,and results show that the friction coefficient and the wear rate decreased regularly with an increasing load.The average friction coefficient was analyzed and fitted by Hertzian contact model,combined with the wear tracks and wear scars observed by scanning electron microscopy.It is found that the change in load resulted in a difference of the Hertzian contact area and the Hertzian contact pressure,which led to the change of the friction coefficient.Wear products detected by Raman spectroscopy showed that different loads did not cause the different graphitization degree of amorphous carbon.Microstructure of the transfer film analyzed by transmission electron microscopy showed that the transfer film was finely-aligned MoS_2 with basal plane in parallel to the shearing direction,which had a lower shear strength at higher loads and thus resulted in a low coefficient of friction.Based on the results of the experimental verification with the loads varied from high to low in the same tribological conditions,it can be concluded Hertzian contact accounted for a low coefficient of friction at high loads.
引文
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[19]Li Hongxuan,Xu Tao,Hao Junying,et al.Effect of matching materials on the tribological properties of amorphous hydrogenated carbon film[J].Tribology,2004,24(6):483-487(in Chinese)[李红轩,徐洮,郝俊英,等.摩擦偶件材料对非晶含氢碳薄膜摩擦学性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2004,24(6):483-487].doi:10.3321/j.issn:1004-0595.2004.06.001.
[20]Polcar T,Evaristo M,Cavaleiro A.Friction of self-lubricating W-S-C sputtered coatings sliding under increasing load[J].Plasma Processes&Polymers,2007,4(Supplement 1):S541-S546.
[21]Polcar T,Cavaleiro A.Self-adaptive low friction coatings based on transition metal dichalcogenides[J].Thin Solid Films,2011,519(12):4037-4044.doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.180.
[22]Gu L,Ke P,Zou Y,et al.Amorphous self-lubricant Mo S2-Csputtered coating with high hardness[J].Applied Surface Science,2015,331:66-71.doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.01.057.
[23]Golasa K,Grzeszczyk M,Leszczynski P,et al.Multiphonon resonant raman scattering in Mo S2[J].Mrs Online Proceedings Library Archive,2015,1726(9):183-188.
[24]Ferrari A C,Robertson J.Interpretation of raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon[J].Physical Review B Condensed Matter,2000,61(20):14095-14107.doi:10.1103/PhysR evB.61.14095.
[25]Singer I L,Bolster R N,Wegand J,et al.Hertzian stress contribution to low friction behavior of thin Mo S2 coatings[J].Applied Physics Letters,1990,57(10):995-997.doi:10.1063/1.104276.
[26]Kim D W,Kim K W.Effects of sliding velocity and normal load on friction and wear characteristics of multi-layered diamond-like carbon(DLC)coating prepared by reactive sputtering[J].Wear,2013,297(1-2):722-730.doi:10.1016/j.wear.2012.10.009.
[27]Levita G,Cavaleiro A,Molinari E,et al.Sliding properties of Mo S2layers:load and interlayer orientation effects[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2014,118(25):13809-13816.doi:10.1021/jp4098099.
[28]Zhao X,Perry S S.The role of water in modifying friction within Mo S2 sliding interfaces[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2010,2(5):1444-1448.
[2]Renevier N M,Hamphire J,Fox V C,et al.Advantages of using self-lubricating,hard,wear-resistant Mo S2-based coatings[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2001,s142-144(1):67-77.
[3]Khare H S,Burris D L.Surface and subsurface contributions of oxidation and moisture to room temperature friction of molybdenum disulfide[J].Tribology Letters,2014,53(1):329-336.doi:10.1007/s11249-013-0273-0.
[4]Fleischauer P D,Lince J R.A comparison of oxidation and oxygen substitution in Mo S2 solid film lubricants[J].Tribology International,1999,32(11):627-636.doi:10.1016/S0301-679X(99)00088-2.
[5]Fox V C,Renevier N,Teer D G,et al.The structure of tribologically improved Mo S2-metal composite coatings and their industrial applications[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,1999,s116-119(99):492-497.
[6]Zhou Hui,Wen Qingping,Hao Hong,et al.Study of structural andtribological properties of Mo S2-Ti composite coatings deposited byunbalanced magnetron sputter[J].Tribology,2006,26(2):183-187(in Chinese)[周晖,温庆平,郝宏,等.非平衡磁控溅射沉积Mo S2-Ti复合薄膜结构与摩擦磨损性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2006,26(2):183-187].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2006.02.019.
[7]Holbery J D,Pflueger E,Savan A,et al.Alloying Mo S2,with Al and Au:structure and tribological performance[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2003,s169-170(3):716-720.
[8]Lince J R.Tribology of Co-sputtered nanocomposite Au/Mo S2,solid lubricant films over a wide contact stress range[J].Tribology Letters,2004,17(3):419-428.doi:10.1023/B:TRIL.0000044490.03462.6e.
[9]Li H,Zhang G,Wang L.Low humidity-sensitivity of Mo S2/Pb nanocomposite coatings[J].Wear,2016,s350-351:1-9.
[10]Prasad S V,Mcdevitt N T,Zabinski J S.Tribology of tungsten disulfide-nanocrystalline zinc oxide adaptive lubricant films from ambient to 500℃[J].Wear,2000,237(2):186-196.doi:10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00329-4.
[11]Zabinski J S,Donley M S,Mcdevitt N T.Mechanistic study of the synergism between Sb2O3 and Mo S2 lubricant systems using Raman spectroscopy[J].Wear,1993,165(1):103-108.doi:10.1016/0043-1648(93)90378-Y.
[12]Zabinski J S,Donley M S,Dyhouse V J,et al.Chemical and tribological characterization of Pb O-Mo S2 films grown by pulsed laser deposition[J].Thin Solid Films,1992,214(2):156-163.doi:10.1016/0040-6090(92)90764-3.
[13]Wu Y,Li H,Li J,et al.Preparation and properties of Mo S2/a-Cfilms for space tribology[J].Journal of Physics D Applied Physics,2013,46(42):5301P.
[14]Pimentel J V,Polcar T,Cavaleiro A.Structural,mechanical and tribological properties of Mo-S-C solid lubricant coating[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2011,205(10):3274-3279.
[15]Xu J,Chai L,Li Q,et al.Influence of C dopant on the structure,mechanical and tribological properties of r.f.-sputtered Mo S2/a-Ccomposite films[J].Applied Surface Science,2016,364:249-256.doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.12.152.
[16]Polcar T,Cavaleiro A.Review on self-lubricant transition metal dichalcogenide nanocomposite coatings alloyed with carbon[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2011,206(4):686-695.
[17]Chai Liqiang,Zhang Xiaoqin,Xu Jiao,et al.Preparation,structure and tribological properties of Mo S2 based composite films[J].Tribology,2016,36(1):1-6(in Chinese)[柴利强,张晓琴,许佼,等.Mo S2基复合薄膜制备及其结构与摩擦学性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2016,36(1):1-6].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2016.01.001.
[18]Zhao Fei,Pang Xianjuan,Du Sanming,et al.Friction and wear behaviors of Mo Sx-doped DLC films I:Effect of normal load[J].Tribology,2012,32(5):516-523(in Chinese)[赵飞,逄显娟,杜三明,等.Mo Sx掺杂DLC薄膜的摩擦磨损行为Ⅰ:载荷的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(5):516-523].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2012.05.006.
[19]Li Hongxuan,Xu Tao,Hao Junying,et al.Effect of matching materials on the tribological properties of amorphous hydrogenated carbon film[J].Tribology,2004,24(6):483-487(in Chinese)[李红轩,徐洮,郝俊英,等.摩擦偶件材料对非晶含氢碳薄膜摩擦学性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2004,24(6):483-487].doi:10.3321/j.issn:1004-0595.2004.06.001.
[20]Polcar T,Evaristo M,Cavaleiro A.Friction of self-lubricating W-S-C sputtered coatings sliding under increasing load[J].Plasma Processes&Polymers,2007,4(Supplement 1):S541-S546.
[21]Polcar T,Cavaleiro A.Self-adaptive low friction coatings based on transition metal dichalcogenides[J].Thin Solid Films,2011,519(12):4037-4044.doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.180.
[22]Gu L,Ke P,Zou Y,et al.Amorphous self-lubricant Mo S2-Csputtered coating with high hardness[J].Applied Surface Science,2015,331:66-71.doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.01.057.
[23]Golasa K,Grzeszczyk M,Leszczynski P,et al.Multiphonon resonant raman scattering in Mo S2[J].Mrs Online Proceedings Library Archive,2015,1726(9):183-188.
[24]Ferrari A C,Robertson J.Interpretation of raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon[J].Physical Review B Condensed Matter,2000,61(20):14095-14107.doi:10.1103/PhysR evB.61.14095.
[25]Singer I L,Bolster R N,Wegand J,et al.Hertzian stress contribution to low friction behavior of thin Mo S2 coatings[J].Applied Physics Letters,1990,57(10):995-997.doi:10.1063/1.104276.
[26]Kim D W,Kim K W.Effects of sliding velocity and normal load on friction and wear characteristics of multi-layered diamond-like carbon(DLC)coating prepared by reactive sputtering[J].Wear,2013,297(1-2):722-730.doi:10.1016/j.wear.2012.10.009.
[27]Levita G,Cavaleiro A,Molinari E,et al.Sliding properties of Mo S2layers:load and interlayer orientation effects[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2014,118(25):13809-13816.doi:10.1021/jp4098099.
[28]Zhao X,Perry S S.The role of water in modifying friction within Mo S2 sliding interfaces[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2010,2(5):1444-1448.