南海盐致环流对台风降水的响应特征分析
|
摘要
本文采用多源卫星遥感数据通过统计分析的方法研究了17年间(2000—2016年)南海夏季(6—9月)台风对该海域降水、淡水通量的贡献及其可能导致的环流异常。主要结论如下:1)台风是南海中北部降水的重要影响因子,可导致日平均降水量增加12mm,约占南海夏季日平均降水(25mm·d–1)的一半,且西北太平洋台风和南海"土台风"产生的降水分布存在显著的区域和强度差异;2)夏季,南海由淡水通量引起的盐致环流表现为以海南岛东南部海域为中心的弱气旋式,其流量量级约为–0.15Sv,约占同期风生环流流量(约为–1.5Sv)的10%;3)夏季,台风带来的降水使得南海中北部的气旋式盐致环流增强,且西北太平洋台风降水导致的淡水通量变化引起的盐致环流强度要强于南海"土台风"。
By using various satellite remote sensing data and statistical analysis method, the contribution of typhoons in summer(from June to September) to the precipitation and freshwater flux in the South China Sea(SCS) and their possible influences on circulation anomalies in the SCS in the past 17 years(2000-2016) were studied. The main conclusions are as follows. Typhoon is one of the crucial factors that impact the precipitation in both northern and middle SCS, and the daily mean precipitation can be increased by 12 mm, which accounts for half of the daily mean rainfall in the SCS during summer.Besides, there are significant differences in the location and intensity of the rainfall distributions between the Northwest Pacific Ocean typhoons(NWP TYs) and SCS typhoons(SCS TYs). In summer, the saline circulation in the SCS induced by freshwater flux shows a weak cyclone that centers in the southwestern part of Hainan island with its magnitude of about-0.15 Sv, which is approximately 10% of wind-induced circulation(about-1.5 Sv) during the corresponding period. Precipitation induced by typhoons can intensify cyclonic saline circulation in the northern-central part of the SCS in summer. And the intensity of the saline circulation caused by NWP typhoons is stronger compared to that by SCS typhoons.
By using various satellite remote sensing data and statistical analysis method, the contribution of typhoons in summer(from June to September) to the precipitation and freshwater flux in the South China Sea(SCS) and their possible influences on circulation anomalies in the SCS in the past 17 years(2000-2016) were studied. The main conclusions are as follows. Typhoon is one of the crucial factors that impact the precipitation in both northern and middle SCS, and the daily mean precipitation can be increased by 12 mm, which accounts for half of the daily mean rainfall in the SCS during summer.Besides, there are significant differences in the location and intensity of the rainfall distributions between the Northwest Pacific Ocean typhoons(NWP TYs) and SCS typhoons(SCS TYs). In summer, the saline circulation in the SCS induced by freshwater flux shows a weak cyclone that centers in the southwestern part of Hainan island with its magnitude of about-0.15 Sv, which is approximately 10% of wind-induced circulation(about-1.5 Sv) during the corresponding period. Precipitation induced by typhoons can intensify cyclonic saline circulation in the northern-central part of the SCS in summer. And the intensity of the saline circulation caused by NWP typhoons is stronger compared to that by SCS typhoons.
引文
陈润珍,2007.南海热带气旋纬向分布特征[J].台湾海峡,26(4):465-471.CHEN RUNZHEN,2007.Latitudinal distribution characteristics of tropical cyclone in South China Sea[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,26(4):465-471(in Chinese with English abstract).
关芬呈,谢清华,1984.南海台风的统计特征[J].海洋通报,3(4):19-27.GUAN FENCHENG,XIE QINGHUA,1984.The statistical characteristics of typhoon in the South China Sea[J].Marine Science Bulletin,3(4):19-27(in Chinese with English abstract).
黄瑞新,2012.大洋环流:风生与热盐过程[M].北京:高等教育出版社:466-475.HUANG RUIXIN,2012.Ocean circulation:wind-driven and thermohaline processes[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press:466-475(in Chinese).
钮学新,杜惠良,滕代高,等,2010.影响登陆台风降水量的主要因素分析[J].暴雨灾害,29(1):76-80.NIU XUEXIN,DUHUILIANG,TENG DAIGAO,et al,2010.Main factors affecting the rainfall caused by landing typhoons[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,29(1):76-80(in Chinese with English abstract).
苏纪兰,袁立业,2005.中国近海水文[M].北京:海洋出版社:263-271.
吴迪生,赵雪,冯伟忠,等,2005.南海灾害性土台风统计分析[J].热带气象学,21(3):309-314.WU DISHENG,ZHAOXUE,FENG WEIZHONG,et al,2005.The statistical analyse to the local harmful typhoon of South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,21(3):309-314(in Chinese with English abstract).
GOLDSBROUGH G R,1933.Ocean currents produced by evaporation and precipitation[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,141(845):512-517.
HOUGH S S,1897.On the application of harmonic analysis to the dynamical theory of the tides.PartⅠ.On Laplace’s'Oscillations of the first species,'and on the dynamics of ocean currents[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,61(369-377):236-238.
HUANG RUIXIN,1993.Real freshwater flux as a natural boundary condition for the salinity balance and thermohaline circulation forced by evaporation and precipitation[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,23(11):2428-2446.
HUANG RUIXIN,SCHMITT R W,1993.The GoldsbroughStommel circulation of the world oceans[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,23(6):1277-1284.
JIANG DI,HUANG FEI,HAO GUANGHUA,et al,2014.The characteristics of air-sea heat flux exchange during the generation and development of local typhoons over the South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,20(2):93-102.
LING ZHENG,WANG GUIHUA,WANG CHUNZAI,et al,2011.Different effects of tropical cyclones generated in the South China Sea and the northwest Pacific on the summer South China Sea circulation[J].Journal of Oceanography,67(3):347-355.
LIU QINYU,YANG HAIJUN,LIU ZHENGYU,2001.Seasonal features of the Sverdrup circulation in the South China Sea[J].Progress in Natural Science,11(3):202-206.
LIU XIN,K?HL A,STAMMER D,2017.Dynamical ocean response to projected changes of the global water cycle[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,122(8):6512-6532.
PEDLOSKY J,1996.Ocean circulation theory[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer.
QU TANGDONG,2000.Upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,30(6):1450-1460.
RODELL M,BEAUDOING H K,L’ECUYER T S,et al,2015.The observed state of the water cycle in the early twenty-first century[J].Journal of Climate,28(21):8289-8318.
SCHMITT R W,1995.The ocean component of the global water cycle[J].Reviews of Geophysics,33(S2):1395-1409.
STOMMEL H,1957-1958.A survey of ocean current theory[J].Deep Sea Research(1953),4:149-184.
STOMMEL H,1984.The delicate interplay between wind-stress and buoyancy input in ocean circulation:the Goldsbrough variations[J].Tellus A,36A(2):111-119.
SU JILAN,2004.Overview of the South China Sea circulation and its influence on the coastal physical oceanography outside the Pearl River Estuary[J].Continental Shelf Research,24(16):1745-1760.
TRENBERTH K E,FASULLO J T,MACKARO J,2011.Atmospheric moisture transports from ocean to land and global energy flows in reanalyses[J].Journal of Climate,24(18):4907-4924.
WANG GUIHUA,LING ZHEN,WANG CHUNZAI,2009.Influence of tropical cyclones on seasonal ocean circulation in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,114(C10):C10022.
WANG GUIHUA,SU JILAN,DING YIHUI,et al,2007.Tropical cyclone genesis over the South China Sea[J].Journal of Marine Systems,68(3-4):318-326.
WANG XIDONG,WANG CHUNZAI,HAN GUIJUN,et al,2014.Effects of tropical cyclones on large-scale circulation and ocean heat transport in the South China Sea[J].Climate Dynamics,43(12):3351-3366.
WYRTKI K,1961.Physical oceanography of the southeast Asian waters[R].La Jolla,California:Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
XIE SHANGPING,XU HAIMING,SAJI N H,et al,2006.Role of narrow mountains in large-scale organization of Asian monsoon convection[J].Journal of Climate,19(14):3420-3429.
YU LISAN,JIN XIANGZE,WELLER R A,2008.Multidecade global flux datasets from the objectively analyzed air-sea fluxes(OAFlux)project:Latent and sensible heat fluxes,ocean evaporation,and related surface meteorological variables[R/OL].[2018-10-16].http://oaflux.whoi.edu/pdfs/OAFlux_Tech Report_3rd_release.pdf
关芬呈,谢清华,1984.南海台风的统计特征[J].海洋通报,3(4):19-27.GUAN FENCHENG,XIE QINGHUA,1984.The statistical characteristics of typhoon in the South China Sea[J].Marine Science Bulletin,3(4):19-27(in Chinese with English abstract).
黄瑞新,2012.大洋环流:风生与热盐过程[M].北京:高等教育出版社:466-475.HUANG RUIXIN,2012.Ocean circulation:wind-driven and thermohaline processes[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press:466-475(in Chinese).
钮学新,杜惠良,滕代高,等,2010.影响登陆台风降水量的主要因素分析[J].暴雨灾害,29(1):76-80.NIU XUEXIN,DUHUILIANG,TENG DAIGAO,et al,2010.Main factors affecting the rainfall caused by landing typhoons[J].Torrential Rain and Disasters,29(1):76-80(in Chinese with English abstract).
苏纪兰,袁立业,2005.中国近海水文[M].北京:海洋出版社:263-271.
吴迪生,赵雪,冯伟忠,等,2005.南海灾害性土台风统计分析[J].热带气象学,21(3):309-314.WU DISHENG,ZHAOXUE,FENG WEIZHONG,et al,2005.The statistical analyse to the local harmful typhoon of South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,21(3):309-314(in Chinese with English abstract).
GOLDSBROUGH G R,1933.Ocean currents produced by evaporation and precipitation[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,141(845):512-517.
HOUGH S S,1897.On the application of harmonic analysis to the dynamical theory of the tides.PartⅠ.On Laplace’s'Oscillations of the first species,'and on the dynamics of ocean currents[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,61(369-377):236-238.
HUANG RUIXIN,1993.Real freshwater flux as a natural boundary condition for the salinity balance and thermohaline circulation forced by evaporation and precipitation[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,23(11):2428-2446.
HUANG RUIXIN,SCHMITT R W,1993.The GoldsbroughStommel circulation of the world oceans[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,23(6):1277-1284.
JIANG DI,HUANG FEI,HAO GUANGHUA,et al,2014.The characteristics of air-sea heat flux exchange during the generation and development of local typhoons over the South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,20(2):93-102.
LING ZHENG,WANG GUIHUA,WANG CHUNZAI,et al,2011.Different effects of tropical cyclones generated in the South China Sea and the northwest Pacific on the summer South China Sea circulation[J].Journal of Oceanography,67(3):347-355.
LIU QINYU,YANG HAIJUN,LIU ZHENGYU,2001.Seasonal features of the Sverdrup circulation in the South China Sea[J].Progress in Natural Science,11(3):202-206.
LIU XIN,K?HL A,STAMMER D,2017.Dynamical ocean response to projected changes of the global water cycle[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,122(8):6512-6532.
PEDLOSKY J,1996.Ocean circulation theory[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer.
QU TANGDONG,2000.Upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,30(6):1450-1460.
RODELL M,BEAUDOING H K,L’ECUYER T S,et al,2015.The observed state of the water cycle in the early twenty-first century[J].Journal of Climate,28(21):8289-8318.
SCHMITT R W,1995.The ocean component of the global water cycle[J].Reviews of Geophysics,33(S2):1395-1409.
STOMMEL H,1957-1958.A survey of ocean current theory[J].Deep Sea Research(1953),4:149-184.
STOMMEL H,1984.The delicate interplay between wind-stress and buoyancy input in ocean circulation:the Goldsbrough variations[J].Tellus A,36A(2):111-119.
SU JILAN,2004.Overview of the South China Sea circulation and its influence on the coastal physical oceanography outside the Pearl River Estuary[J].Continental Shelf Research,24(16):1745-1760.
TRENBERTH K E,FASULLO J T,MACKARO J,2011.Atmospheric moisture transports from ocean to land and global energy flows in reanalyses[J].Journal of Climate,24(18):4907-4924.
WANG GUIHUA,LING ZHEN,WANG CHUNZAI,2009.Influence of tropical cyclones on seasonal ocean circulation in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,114(C10):C10022.
WANG GUIHUA,SU JILAN,DING YIHUI,et al,2007.Tropical cyclone genesis over the South China Sea[J].Journal of Marine Systems,68(3-4):318-326.
WANG XIDONG,WANG CHUNZAI,HAN GUIJUN,et al,2014.Effects of tropical cyclones on large-scale circulation and ocean heat transport in the South China Sea[J].Climate Dynamics,43(12):3351-3366.
WYRTKI K,1961.Physical oceanography of the southeast Asian waters[R].La Jolla,California:Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
XIE SHANGPING,XU HAIMING,SAJI N H,et al,2006.Role of narrow mountains in large-scale organization of Asian monsoon convection[J].Journal of Climate,19(14):3420-3429.
YU LISAN,JIN XIANGZE,WELLER R A,2008.Multidecade global flux datasets from the objectively analyzed air-sea fluxes(OAFlux)project:Latent and sensible heat fluxes,ocean evaporation,and related surface meteorological variables[R/OL].[2018-10-16].http://oaflux.whoi.edu/pdfs/OAFlux_Tech Report_3rd_release.pdf