沉积事件对深水沉积过程的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区长6油层组为例
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区长6油层组的厚层砂岩为深水沉积。为研究该地区深水沉积过程和岩石成因机理,基于岩心观察、测井和录井资料以及岩石样品的分析测试资料,对华庆地区长6油层组深水沉积物在沉积期所遭受的重力流事件、火山事件、地震事件和缺氧事件进行了系统研究。结果表明:(1)重力流沉积事件在整个沉积过程中频繁发生,是造成砂体在深湖区大面积多层堆积的直接原因;(2)火山活动的强度和影响范围相对于长7油层组沉积期较小,凝灰质泥岩平均厚度仅为1.74 m,且主要分布在长62～63砂层组中,形成凝灰质泥岩的火山灰主要以河流搬运方式进入湖盆沉积;(3)岩心上的沉积构造特征反映了地震事件频繁发生,推测震级约为4.5～5.5级;(4)上述地质事件的共同作用导致了沉积期湖盆的缺氧事件的发生,致使深湖区沉积了富含有机质的烃源岩,与储集砂体在纵向上构成了良好的生储盖组合。
The thick sandstone of Chang 6 reservoir in Huaqing area,Ordos Basin,is considered as the result of deep-water deposition. The data of core photographs,wire-logging,mud-logging and rock samples analysis were used to analyze sedimentary process in deep-water area and petrogenesis mechanism,including four main sedimentary events(gravity flow event,volcanic event,seismic event,and hypoxic event)happened in deep-water deposition process in Chang 6 reservoir. The results show that:(1)Gravity flow deposition events occurred fre-quently during the whole deposition process,which is the direct cause of large-area multi-layer accumulation of sand bodies in the deep-water area.(2)The intensity and influence range of volcanic activity in Chang 6 deposition period is much smaller than that in Chang 7,only with 1.74 m of average thickness of tuffaceous mudstones which are mainly distributed in Chang 62 and Chang 63 sandstone. Based on locations and sizes of tuffaceous mudstone developed,volcanic ash was considered add into the basin by river carrying.(3)The sedimentary tectonic features of core reflect the frequent occurrence of seismic events,and the magnitude of the earthquake is estimated to be about 4.5-5.5.(4)The combination of the above sedimentary events led to the occurrence of hypoxic events during the depositional period,and as a result,the source rocks rich in organic matter were deposited in the deep-water area,which formed a good source-reservoir-cap assemblage with reservoir sand bodies vertically.
The thick sandstone of Chang 6 reservoir in Huaqing area,Ordos Basin,is considered as the result of deep-water deposition. The data of core photographs,wire-logging,mud-logging and rock samples analysis were used to analyze sedimentary process in deep-water area and petrogenesis mechanism,including four main sedimentary events(gravity flow event,volcanic event,seismic event,and hypoxic event)happened in deep-water deposition process in Chang 6 reservoir. The results show that:(1)Gravity flow deposition events occurred fre-quently during the whole deposition process,which is the direct cause of large-area multi-layer accumulation of sand bodies in the deep-water area.(2)The intensity and influence range of volcanic activity in Chang 6 deposition period is much smaller than that in Chang 7,only with 1.74 m of average thickness of tuffaceous mudstones which are mainly distributed in Chang 62 and Chang 63 sandstone. Based on locations and sizes of tuffaceous mudstone developed,volcanic ash was considered add into the basin by river carrying.(3)The sedimentary tectonic features of core reflect the frequent occurrence of seismic events,and the magnitude of the earthquake is estimated to be about 4.5-5.5.(4)The combination of the above sedimentary events led to the occurrence of hypoxic events during the depositional period,and as a result,the source rocks rich in organic matter were deposited in the deep-water area,which formed a good source-reservoir-cap assemblage with reservoir sand bodies vertically.
引文
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[2]杨华,刘显阳,张才利,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组低渗透岩性油藏主控因素及其分布规律.岩性油气藏,2007,19(3):1-6.YANG H,LIU X Y,ZHANG C L,et al.The main controlling factors and distribution of low permeability lithologic reservoirs of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(3):1-6.
[3]郑荣才,耿威,周刚,等.鄂尔多斯盆地白豹地区长6砂岩成岩作用与成岩相研究.岩性油气藏,2007,19(2):1-8.ZHENG R C,GENG W,ZHOU G,et al.Diagenesis and diagenetic facies of Chang 6 sandstone of Yanchang Formation in Baibao area,Ordos Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,19(2):1-8.
[4]孙宁亮,钟建华,王书宝,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系延长组深水重力流沉积特征及其石油地质意义.古地理学报,2017,19(2):299-314.SUN N L,ZHONG J H,WANG S B,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and petroleum geologic significance of deep-water gravity flow of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,2017,19(2):299-314.
[5]刘璇,桂小军,丁晓琪,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部晚三叠世事件沉积-秦岭造山耦合分析.东北石油大学学报,2014,38(4):59-66.LIU X,GUI X J,DING X Q,et al.Coupling research of event deposition and Qinling orogenesis of Late Triassic,south Ordos Basin.Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2014,38(4):59-66.
[6]张路崎,陈恭洋.白豹-坪庄地区延长组长6储层成岩作用研究.岩性油气藏,2009,21(1):75-82.ZHANG L Q,CHEN G Y.Diagenesis of Chang 6 reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Baibao-Pingzhuang area.Lithologic Reservoirs,2009,21(1):75-82.
[7]刘志华,邓昆,乐锦波,等.鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区深湖浊积沉积特征.石油天然气学报,2010,32(6):186-189.LIU Z H,DENG K,LE J B,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of turbidite fans in Fuxian region of Ordos Basin.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2010,32(6):186-189.
[8]于兴河,李顺利,杨志浩.致密砂岩气储层的沉积-成岩成因机理探讨与热点问题.岩性油气藏,2015,27(1):1-13.YU X H,LI S L,YANG Z H.Discussion on deposition-diagenesis genetic mechanism and hot issues of tight sandstone gas reservoir.Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(1):1-13.
[9]陈安清,陈洪德,侯明才,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中-晚三叠世事件沉积对印支运动Ⅰ幕的指示.地质学报,2011,85(10):1681-1690.CHEN A Q,CHEN H D,HOU M C,et al.The Middle-Late Triassic event sediments in Ordos Basin:Indicators for episodeⅠof the Indosinian movement.Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(10):1681-1690.
[10]毛雪莲,朱继田,姚哲,等.琼东南盆地深水区中央峡谷砂体成因与展布规律.岩性油气藏,2017,29(6):60-68.MAO X L,ZHU J T,YAO Z,et al.Sandbody genesis and distribution regularity of Central Canyon in deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(6):60-68.
[11]王建民,王佳媛.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部长7深水浊积特征与储层发育.岩性油气藏,2017,29(4):11-19.WANG J M,WANG J Y.Deep-water turbidite characteristics and its reservoir development of Chang 7 oil layers in southwestern Ordos Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(4):11-19.
[12]李啸,刘海磊,王学勇,等.坡折带砂体成因及分布规律:以准噶尔盆地车排子地区下白垩统清水河组为例.岩性油气藏,2017,29(1):35-42.LI X,LIU H L,WANG X Y,et al.Origin and distribution of sandbody in slope break zone:a case study of the Lower Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation in Chepaizi area,Junggar Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(1):35-42.
[13]KUENEN P H.Turbidity currents,graded and non-graded deposits.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1952,22(2):83-96.
[14]龚一鸣.风暴岩、震积岩、海啸岩--几个名词含义的商榷.地质论评,1988,34(5):95-96.GONG Y M.Discussion on the meaning of several nouns of storm rock,seismo deposit and tsunami rock.Geological Review,1988,34(5):95-96.
[15]朱筱敏,李顺利,潘荣,等.沉积学研究热点与进展:第32届国际沉积学会议综述.古地理学报,2016,18(5):699-716.ZHU X M,LI S L,PAN R,et al.Current hot topics and advances of sedimentology:a summary from 32 nd IAS meeting of sedimentology.Journal of Palaeogeography,2016,18(5):699-716.
[16]KON S,NAKAMURA N,NISHIMURA Y,et al.Inverse magnetic fabric in unconsolidated sandy event deposits in Kiritappu Marsh,Hokkaido,Japan.Sedimentary Geology,2017,349:112-119.
[17]BUATOIS L A,MáNGANO M G.Post glacial lacustrine event sedimentation in an ancient mountain setting:Carboniferous Lake Malanzán(western Argentina).Journal of Paleolimnology,1995,14(1):1-22.
[18]CARLIN J A,DELLAPENNA T M.Event-driven deltaic sedimentation on a low-gradient,low-energy shelf:The Brazos River subaqueous delta,northwestern Gulf of Mexico.Marine Geology,2014,353(4):21-30.
[19]鲜本忠,安思奇,施文华.水下碎屑流沉积:深水沉积研究热点与进展.地质论评,2014,60(1):39-51.XIAN B Z,AN S Q,SHI W H.Subaqueous debris flow:Hotspots and advances of deep-water sedimentation.Geological Review,2014,60(1):39-51.
[20]DU Y S,GONG Y M,ZENG X W,et al.Devonian FrasnianFamennian transitional event deposits of Guangxi,south China and their possible tsunami origin.Science in China,2008,51(11):1570-1580.
[21]王克宁.论地质事件沉积作用及地质剖面与地震剖面的关系.石油地球物理勘探,1989,24(3):301-311.WANG K N.On both the episodic sedimentation and the relation between geological section and seismic section.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1989,24(3):301-311.
[22]赵俊兴,李凤杰,申晓莉,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部长6和长7油层浊流事件的沉积特征及发育模式.石油学报,2008,29(3):389-394.ZHAO J X,LI F J,SHEN X L,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and development pattern of turbidity event of Chang 6 and Chang 7 oil reservoirs in the southern Ordos Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(3):389-394.
[23]林森虎,汪梦诗,袁选俊.大型坳陷湖盆定量化沉积相编图新方法:以鄂尔多斯盆地中部长7油层组为例.岩性油气藏,2017,29(3):10-17.LIN S H,WANG M S,YUAN X J.A new quantitative method of sedimentary facies mapping of large lacustrine depression:a case from Chang 7 reservoir in central Ordos Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(3):10-17.
[24]楚翠金,夏志林,杨志强.延川南区块致密砂岩气测井识别与评价技术.岩性油气藏,2017,29(2):131-138.CHU C J,XIA Z L,YANG Z Q.Logging identification and evaluation of tight sandstone gas in the southern Yanchuan block.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(2):131-138.
[25]吕强,赵俊兴,陈洪德,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界延长组物源与盆地底形分析.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(6):610-616.LYU Q,ZHAO J X,CHEN H D,et al.Analysis of the provenance and basin bottom shape of Yanchang epoch of Mesozoic in Ordos Basin,China,Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2008,35(6):610-616.
[26]邱欣卫.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组凝灰岩夹层特征和形成环境.西安:西北大学,2008.QIU X Y.Characteristics and forming environments of tuffs in Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin.Xi’an:Northwestern University,2008.
[27]杜远生.中国地震事件沉积研究的若干问题探讨.古地理学报,2011,13(6):581-590.DU Y S.Discussion about studies of earthquake event deposit in China.Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,13(6):581-590.
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