施肥方式对夏玉米农艺性状及产量的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究不同施肥方式对夏玉米农艺性状及产量的影响,以期为进一步提高玉米产量和肥料利用效率提供技术支持。[方法]于山东省德州市黄河涯村设置肥料施于地表(TT)、单侧单层施肥深度10 cm(UST10)、单侧单层施肥深度18 cm(UST18)、单侧2层施肥深度10 cm+18 cm(UTT10/18)、单侧3层施肥深度10 cm+18 cm+25 cm(UTT10/18/25)、农民常规种植(CK) 6个施肥处理,研究大田条件下不同施肥方式对夏玉米农艺性状及产量的影响。[结果]在各施肥处理中,UTT10/18施肥处理的株高、叶面积、干物质重等指标在玉米生长发育的前期与其他处理之间无显著差异,但在玉米生长发育后期UTT10/18施肥处理长势旺,株高、叶面积、干物质重等指标显著优于其他处理; UTT10/18施肥处理的产量分别较TT、UST10、UST18、UTT10/18/25、CK施肥处理提高18.6%、10.2%、6.5%、13. 6%、9.6%。[结论]UTT10/18(单侧2层施肥深度10 cm+18 cm)施肥处理,能够显著促进玉米植株后期生长发育,进而提高玉米产量。UTT10/18施肥方式对于提高玉米产量、保证粮食安全具有重要意义。
[Objective] To study the effects of different fertilization methods on agronomic characters and yield of summer maize,in order to provide technical support for high yield of summer maize. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in Dezhou City of Shandong Province during 2017. Six treatments were conducted including topdressing( TD),unilateral single-tier 10 cm( UST10),unilateral single-tier 18 cm( UST18),unilateral two-tier 10 cm+18 cm( UTT10/18),unilateral three-tier 10 cm+18 cm+25 cm( UTT10/18/25),conventional farming method( CK). [Result] UTT10/18 treatment significantly increased plant height,leaf area,dry matter weight of summer maize. And the yield also showed that the yield of UTT10/18 treatment increased by 18.6%,10.2%,6.5%,13.6%,9.6% respectively compared with TT,UST10,UST18,UTT10/18/25,CK treatment. [Conclusion] UTT10/18 treatment could significantly increase the yield of summer maize,and this method is significant to ensure food security.
[Objective] To study the effects of different fertilization methods on agronomic characters and yield of summer maize,in order to provide technical support for high yield of summer maize. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in Dezhou City of Shandong Province during 2017. Six treatments were conducted including topdressing( TD),unilateral single-tier 10 cm( UST10),unilateral single-tier 18 cm( UST18),unilateral two-tier 10 cm+18 cm( UTT10/18),unilateral three-tier 10 cm+18 cm+25 cm( UTT10/18/25),conventional farming method( CK). [Result] UTT10/18 treatment significantly increased plant height,leaf area,dry matter weight of summer maize. And the yield also showed that the yield of UTT10/18 treatment increased by 18.6%,10.2%,6.5%,13.6%,9.6% respectively compared with TT,UST10,UST18,UTT10/18/25,CK treatment. [Conclusion] UTT10/18 treatment could significantly increase the yield of summer maize,and this method is significant to ensure food security.
引文
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[12]黄涛,荣湘民,刘强,等.不同施肥模式对春玉米产量、品质与氮肥利用及玉米地氮流失的影响[J].土壤,2010,42(6):915-919.
[13]赖丽芳,吕军峰,郭天文,等.平衡施肥对春玉米产量和养分利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2009,17(2):130-132.
[14]苗建国,金继运,仇少君,等.生态集约化养分管理对春玉米产量和氮素利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):571-578.
[15]张立花,张辉,黄玉芳,等.施磷对玉米吸磷量、产量和土壤磷含量的影响及其相关性[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(7):801-809.
[16]焉莉,王寅,冯国忠,等.不同施肥管理对东北黑土区氮损失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(9):1816-1823.
[17]赵营,同延安,赵护兵.不同供氮水平对夏玉米养分累积、转运及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(5):622-627.
[18]姜涛.氮肥运筹对夏玉米产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):559-565.
[2]侯满平,郝晋珉.黄淮海平原农业战略区划与布局研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):595-599.
[3]中华人民共和国农业部.中国农业年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015.
[4]侯云鹏,杨晓丹,杨建,等.不同施肥模式下玉米氮、磷、钾吸收利用特性研究[J].玉米科学,2017,25(5):128-135.
[5]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[6]JU X T,KOU C L,ZHANG F S,et al.Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination:Comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain[J].Environmental pollution,2006,143(1):117-125.
[7]MENG Q F,CHEN X P,ZHANG F S,et al.In-season root-zone nitrogen management strategies for improving nitrogen use efficiency in high-yielding maize production in China[J].Pedosphere,2012,22(3):294-303.
[8]高洪军,彭畅,张秀芝,等.长期施肥对黑土活性有机质、p H值和玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(3):126-131.
[9]侯云鹏,陆晓平,赵世英,等.平衡施肥对春玉米产量及养分吸收的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(4):126-131.
[10]战秀梅,韩晓日,杨劲峰,等.不同氮、磷、钾肥用量对玉米源、库干物质积累动态变化的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(3):495-499.
[11]王树林,祁虹,王燕,等.氮磷钾肥量对玉米产量及养分吸收、利用效率的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(11):768-773.
[12]黄涛,荣湘民,刘强,等.不同施肥模式对春玉米产量、品质与氮肥利用及玉米地氮流失的影响[J].土壤,2010,42(6):915-919.
[13]赖丽芳,吕军峰,郭天文,等.平衡施肥对春玉米产量和养分利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2009,17(2):130-132.
[14]苗建国,金继运,仇少君,等.生态集约化养分管理对春玉米产量和氮素利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):571-578.
[15]张立花,张辉,黄玉芳,等.施磷对玉米吸磷量、产量和土壤磷含量的影响及其相关性[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(7):801-809.
[16]焉莉,王寅,冯国忠,等.不同施肥管理对东北黑土区氮损失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(9):1816-1823.
[17]赵营,同延安,赵护兵.不同供氮水平对夏玉米养分累积、转运及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(5):622-627.
[18]姜涛.氮肥运筹对夏玉米产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):559-565.