限水条件下冬小麦品种高产特征
|
摘要
为了筛选限水条件下冬小麦高产品种,2016—2017年在藁城试验站以适宜河北地区种植的16个半冬性小麦品种为试材,采用完全随机设计,研究了限水条件下高产品种的生长发育及产量形成的特点。结果表明,产量与冬前主茎叶片数呈负相关,与单株分蘖数、单株次生根条数、冬前叶面积指数(LAI)、灌浆期旗叶SPAD值和灌浆期持续天数均呈正相关,其中,与灌浆期旗叶SPAD值和灌浆期持续天数的相关性达到极显著水平,说明在限水条件下,应选择灌浆持续时间长、后期衰老慢的品种;越冬前植株生长过旺,并不是获得高产的保证。冀麦325、冀麦418、邢麦13、衡0628、衡4444、济麦22、石麦25和婴泊700的产量均大于9 700 kg/hm~2,冬前主茎叶片四叶一心和灌浆持续期均大于34 d,灌浆后期叶片衰老慢,SPAD值较高。
The purposes of this study were to screen out high yield wheat cultivars under limiting water condition. In Gaocheng of Hebei province, a field experiment was conducted with completely random in winter wheat from 2016 to 2017. The characteristics of growth and yield formation of 16 main wheat varieties were studied under water limitation conditions. The results showed that the yield was negatively related with leaves numbers of main stem before winter. But the yield was significantly positively correlated with other growth indexes, including the number of tillers per plant, number of secondary roots, LAI before winter, SPAD value of flag leaf of grain filling stage and days of grain filling duration. Among them, the correlation of yield with the SPAD value of flag leaves and the days of grain filling duration reached a very significant level. The wheat cultivars with these points in the limiting water condition, including medium growth rate before winter, long filling duration and slow senescence in late growth stage should be selected, and excessive plant growth before overwintering is not a guarantee of high yield. In this study, Jimai 325, Jimai 418, Xingmai 13, Heng 0628, Heng 4444,Jimai 22, Shimai 25 and Yingbo 700, these of varieties had high yield level(yield more than 9 700 kg/hm~2), and leaves number of main stems were 4 leaves add one heart leaf before winter, filling duration was more than 34 d, leaf senescence was slow and SPAD value was higher in filling stage.
The purposes of this study were to screen out high yield wheat cultivars under limiting water condition. In Gaocheng of Hebei province, a field experiment was conducted with completely random in winter wheat from 2016 to 2017. The characteristics of growth and yield formation of 16 main wheat varieties were studied under water limitation conditions. The results showed that the yield was negatively related with leaves numbers of main stem before winter. But the yield was significantly positively correlated with other growth indexes, including the number of tillers per plant, number of secondary roots, LAI before winter, SPAD value of flag leaf of grain filling stage and days of grain filling duration. Among them, the correlation of yield with the SPAD value of flag leaves and the days of grain filling duration reached a very significant level. The wheat cultivars with these points in the limiting water condition, including medium growth rate before winter, long filling duration and slow senescence in late growth stage should be selected, and excessive plant growth before overwintering is not a guarantee of high yield. In this study, Jimai 325, Jimai 418, Xingmai 13, Heng 0628, Heng 4444,Jimai 22, Shimai 25 and Yingbo 700, these of varieties had high yield level(yield more than 9 700 kg/hm~2), and leaves number of main stems were 4 leaves add one heart leaf before winter, filling duration was more than 34 d, leaf senescence was slow and SPAD value was higher in filling stage.
引文
[1] BLACKMAN J A,PAYNE P I. Wheat breeding:its scientific basis[M]. Haslingfield UK:Springer Dordrecht,1987:455-585.
[2]肖世和.我国小麦品种改良区试与粮食安全[J].科技导报,2006(4):5-7.
[3]李习军.新乡市小麦品种利用现状及发展对策[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2007.
[4]SHAO H B,LIANG Z S,SHAO M G,et al. Investigation on dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics of10 wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)genotypes during two vegetative-growth stages atwater deficit[J]. Colloids and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces,2005,43:221-227.
[5] RIZZA F,BADECK F W,CATTIVELLI L,et al. Use of a water stress index to identify barley genotypes adapted to rained and irrigated conditions[J]. Crop Science,2004,44:2127-2137.
[6]张勉,高志强,孙敏,等.不同时期喷施吨田宝对旱地小麦农艺性状及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(3):415-419.
[7]吕丽华,姚艳荣,董志强,等.晚播条件下高产冬小麦品种的产量形成特点[J].河北农业科学,2017,21(3):7-13.
[8]丁位华,冯素伟,姜小苓,等.黄淮麦区不同小麦品种生育前期光合生理特性及物质积累变化研究[J].华北农学报,2016,31(2):120-124.
[9]陈凤,郭明明,樊继伟,等.不同小麦品种生长发育及产量对光伏板遮荫的响应[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(12):1581-1588.
[10]王凌云,郝佳丽,武宗信.运城地区小麦-玉米一年两作超高产技术品种筛选[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(6):949-952,970.
[11]丁位华,陈向东,冯素伟.黄淮麦区若干高产小麦品种穗光合性能及产量性状的研究[J].华北农学报,2016,31(5):134-139.
[12]田纪春,邓志英,胡瑞波.不同类型超级小麦产量构成因素及籽粒产量的通径分析[J].作物学报,2006,32(11):1699-1705.
[13]曹彩云,党红凯,郑春莲,等.不同灌溉模式对小麦产量、耗水及水分利用效率的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(Z):17-24.
[14] RAJALA A,HAKALA K,MAKELA P,et al. Spring wheat response to timing of water deficit through sink and grain filling capacity[J]. Field Crops Research,2009,114:263-271.
[15] PANDA R K,BEHERA S K,KASHYAP P S. Effective management of irrigation water for wheat under stressed conditions[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2003,63:37-56.
[16]孙常青,屈非,王晋,等.不同小麦品种发芽期水分胁迫生理响应机制研究[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1598-1601.
[17]董志强,张丽华,李谦,等.微喷灌模式下冬小麦产量和水分利用特性[J].作物学报,2016,42(5):725-733.
[18]于振文.现代小麦生产技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:23-24.
[19]吕丽华,梁双波,张丽华,等.不同小麦品种产量对冬前积温变化的响应[J].作物学报,2016,42(1):149-156.
[20]朱昭进.安徽沿淮地区小麦高产品种(系)特征特性研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2011.
[2]肖世和.我国小麦品种改良区试与粮食安全[J].科技导报,2006(4):5-7.
[3]李习军.新乡市小麦品种利用现状及发展对策[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2007.
[4]SHAO H B,LIANG Z S,SHAO M G,et al. Investigation on dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics of10 wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)genotypes during two vegetative-growth stages atwater deficit[J]. Colloids and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces,2005,43:221-227.
[5] RIZZA F,BADECK F W,CATTIVELLI L,et al. Use of a water stress index to identify barley genotypes adapted to rained and irrigated conditions[J]. Crop Science,2004,44:2127-2137.
[6]张勉,高志强,孙敏,等.不同时期喷施吨田宝对旱地小麦农艺性状及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(3):415-419.
[7]吕丽华,姚艳荣,董志强,等.晚播条件下高产冬小麦品种的产量形成特点[J].河北农业科学,2017,21(3):7-13.
[8]丁位华,冯素伟,姜小苓,等.黄淮麦区不同小麦品种生育前期光合生理特性及物质积累变化研究[J].华北农学报,2016,31(2):120-124.
[9]陈凤,郭明明,樊继伟,等.不同小麦品种生长发育及产量对光伏板遮荫的响应[J].麦类作物学报,2017,37(12):1581-1588.
[10]王凌云,郝佳丽,武宗信.运城地区小麦-玉米一年两作超高产技术品种筛选[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(6):949-952,970.
[11]丁位华,陈向东,冯素伟.黄淮麦区若干高产小麦品种穗光合性能及产量性状的研究[J].华北农学报,2016,31(5):134-139.
[12]田纪春,邓志英,胡瑞波.不同类型超级小麦产量构成因素及籽粒产量的通径分析[J].作物学报,2006,32(11):1699-1705.
[13]曹彩云,党红凯,郑春莲,等.不同灌溉模式对小麦产量、耗水及水分利用效率的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(Z):17-24.
[14] RAJALA A,HAKALA K,MAKELA P,et al. Spring wheat response to timing of water deficit through sink and grain filling capacity[J]. Field Crops Research,2009,114:263-271.
[15] PANDA R K,BEHERA S K,KASHYAP P S. Effective management of irrigation water for wheat under stressed conditions[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2003,63:37-56.
[16]孙常青,屈非,王晋,等.不同小麦品种发芽期水分胁迫生理响应机制研究[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(10):1598-1601.
[17]董志强,张丽华,李谦,等.微喷灌模式下冬小麦产量和水分利用特性[J].作物学报,2016,42(5):725-733.
[18]于振文.现代小麦生产技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:23-24.
[19]吕丽华,梁双波,张丽华,等.不同小麦品种产量对冬前积温变化的响应[J].作物学报,2016,42(1):149-156.
[20]朱昭进.安徽沿淮地区小麦高产品种(系)特征特性研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2011.