不同氮肥处理下机插杂交稻的根系动态生长特征研究
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摘要
【目的】研究不同氮肥用量下机插杂交稻的根系生长特征的变化规律及其与产量关系。【方法】以两个杂交水稻组合全两优1号和全两优681为供试材料,设置N_0(0 kg/hm~2)、N_1(150 kg/hm~2)和N_2(250 kg/hm~2)氮肥处理。利用Minirhizotron分析两个品种移栽后20 d至开花期在0~30 cm土层中的根系分布和动态变化特征。【结果】研究结果表明,氮肥处理对两个杂交稻根数、根长、根体积和根表面积影响显著。N2处理下两个品种的总根数显著多于N1,且全两优1号和全两优681的总根数相比对照N1分别增加了12.3%和17.6%,两个品种的总根量在移栽后65 d达到最大值。随着施氮量的增加,两个杂交稻品种的根数、根长、根体积和根表面积在0~10 cm和10~20cm两个土层深度均有所增加,其中以10~20 cm土层深度的根量增幅最为显著。10~20 cm土层深度的总根长与产量、根数与产量显著相关,且相关系数分别高达0.80和0.87,且全两优681在10~20 cm土层深度为的总根量要显著高于全两优1号。【结论】高氮下总根量增加,但10-20 cm土层中的根系分布对产量影响最大,因此,生产中通过培育和增加深层根系的比例有利于水稻实现高产高效。
【Objective】This experiment is to study the dynamic characteristics of roots grown under different nitrogen levels and their relationship with grain yield in mechanically-transplanted hybrid rice.【Method】Two-line hybrid rice combinations, Quanliangyou 1 and Quanliangyou 681, were grown under different nitrogen treatments, N_0(0 kg/hm~2), N_1(150 kg/hm~2) and N_2(250 kg/hm~2), respectively. The dynamic root morphological traits and distribution(0-30 cm) from 20 days after transplanting(DAT) to flowering were analyzed with minirhizotron technique.【Result】The total number of roots, root length, root volume and root surface area were all significantly affected by nitrogen levels. The total number of roots of the two combinations under N_2 treatment was significantly higher than that under N_1 treatment. Compared with N_1 treatment, the total number of roots of Quanliangyou 1 and Quanliangyou 681 increased by 12.3% and 17.6%, respectively. The total number of roots of the two combinations maximized 65 days after transplanting. With the increasing amount of nitrogen, the number of roots, root length, root volume and root surface area increased in different soil layers, but the layer(10-20 cm) was much more significant compared with others. The correlation coefficients between the total root length(10-20 cm) and grain yield, the number of roots(10-20 cm) and grain yield were 0.80 and 0.87, respectively, reaching the significant level. Both the number of roots and grain yield of Quanliangyou 681 were much higher than those of Quanliangyou 1.【Conclusion】Higher nitrogen level improve the root biomass, while the root distribution in the soil layer(10-20 cm) is closely related to the grain yield. Given this situation, increasing the deep root distribution can make extraordinary contribution to the improvement of the grain yield.
【Objective】This experiment is to study the dynamic characteristics of roots grown under different nitrogen levels and their relationship with grain yield in mechanically-transplanted hybrid rice.【Method】Two-line hybrid rice combinations, Quanliangyou 1 and Quanliangyou 681, were grown under different nitrogen treatments, N_0(0 kg/hm~2), N_1(150 kg/hm~2) and N_2(250 kg/hm~2), respectively. The dynamic root morphological traits and distribution(0-30 cm) from 20 days after transplanting(DAT) to flowering were analyzed with minirhizotron technique.【Result】The total number of roots, root length, root volume and root surface area were all significantly affected by nitrogen levels. The total number of roots of the two combinations under N_2 treatment was significantly higher than that under N_1 treatment. Compared with N_1 treatment, the total number of roots of Quanliangyou 1 and Quanliangyou 681 increased by 12.3% and 17.6%, respectively. The total number of roots of the two combinations maximized 65 days after transplanting. With the increasing amount of nitrogen, the number of roots, root length, root volume and root surface area increased in different soil layers, but the layer(10-20 cm) was much more significant compared with others. The correlation coefficients between the total root length(10-20 cm) and grain yield, the number of roots(10-20 cm) and grain yield were 0.80 and 0.87, respectively, reaching the significant level. Both the number of roots and grain yield of Quanliangyou 681 were much higher than those of Quanliangyou 1.【Conclusion】Higher nitrogen level improve the root biomass, while the root distribution in the soil layer(10-20 cm) is closely related to the grain yield. Given this situation, increasing the deep root distribution can make extraordinary contribution to the improvement of the grain yield.
引文
[1]彭少兵.转型时期杂交水稻的困境与出路.作物学报,2016,42(3):313-319.Peng S B.Dilemma and way-out of hybrid rice during the transition period in China.Acta Agrono Sin,2016,42(3):313-319.(In Chinese with English abstract)
[2]陈佳娜,曹放波,谢小兵,单双吕,高伟,李志斌,黄敏,邹应斌.机插条件下低氮密植栽培对“早晚兼用”双季稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响.作物学报,2016,42(8):1176-1187.Chen J N,Cao F B,Xie X B,Shan S L,Gao W,Li Z B,Huang M,Zou Y B.Effect of low nitrogen rate combined with high plant density on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of machine-transplanted early-late season double cropping Rice.Acta Agrono Sin,2016,42(8):1176-1187.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]何金均,王立臣,宋建农,刘娟容,林桂竹.水稻种植机械化发展现状及制约因素分析.农机化研究,2009,31(2):1-4.He J J,W L C,S J N,L J R,L G Z.The progress of rice planting mechanization and analysis of its restrictive factors.J Agric Mechan Res,2009,31(2):1-4.(In Chinese with English abstract)
[4]Yang C,Yang L,Yang Y,Ouyang Z.Rice root growth and nutrient uptake as influenced by organic manure in continuously and alternately flooded paddy soils.Agric Water Manag.2004,70(1):67-81.
[5]Samejima H,Kondo M,Ito O,Nozoe T,Shinano T,Osaki M.Characterization of root systems with respect to morphological traits and nitrogen absorbing ability in new plant type of tropical rice lines.J Plant Nutr 2005,28(5):835-850.
[6]Osaki M,Shinano T,Matsumoto M,Zheng T,Tadano T.A root-shoot interaction hypothesis for high productivity of field crops.Soil Sci Plant Nutr,1996,42(2):289-301.
[7]Samejima H,Kondo M,Ito O,Nozoe T,Shinano T,Osaki M.Characterization of root systems with respect to morphological traits and nitrogen absorbing ability in new plant type of tropical rice lines.J Plant Nutr,2005,28(5):835-850.
[8]Zhang H,Xue Y,Wang Z,Yang J,Zhang J.Morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with shoot growth in“super”rice.Field Crops Res,2009,113(1):31-40.
[9]梁永书,周军杰,南文斌,段东东,张汉马.水稻根系研究进展.植物学报,2016,51(1):98-106.Liang Y S,Zhou J J,Nan W B,Duan D D,Zhang H M.Progress in rice root system research.Chin Bull Bot,2016,51(1):98–106.(In Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Johnson M G,Tingey D T,Phillips D L,Storm M J.Advancing fine root research with minirhizotrons.Environ Exp Bot.2001,45,263–289
[11]董桂春,陈琛,袁秋梅,羊彬,朱正康,曹文雅,仲军,周娟,罗刚,王熠,黄建晔,王余龙.氮肥处理对氮素高效吸收水稻根系性状及氮肥利用率的影响.生态学报,2016,36(3):642-651.Dong G C,Chen C,Yuan Q M,Yang B,Zhu Z K,Cao W Y,Zhong J,Zhou J,Luo G,Wang Y,Huang J Y,Wang Y L.The effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatments on root traits and nitrogen use efficiency in indica rice varieties with high nitrogen absorption efficiency.Acta Ecol Sin,2016,36(3):642-651.
[12]吴伟明,宋祥甫,孙宗修,于永红,邹国燕.不同类型水稻的根系分布特征比较.中国水稻科学,2001,15(4):276-280.Wu W M,Song X F,Sun Z X,Yu Y H,Zou G Y.Comparison of root distribution between different type tice.China J Rice Sci,2001,15(4):276-280.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]史正军,樊小林.水稻根系生长及根构型对氮素供应的适应性变化.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2002,30(6):1-6.Shi Z J,Fan X L.Growth and adaptive changes of rice(Oryza sativa L.)root architecture in response to nitrogen supply.J Northwest A&F Univ:Nat Sci Ed,2002,30(6):1-6.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]李洪亮,孙玉友,曲金玲,魏才强,孙国宏,赵云彤,柴永山.施氮量对东北粳稻根系形态生理特征的影响.中国水稻科学,2012,26(6):723-730.Li H L,Sun Y Y,Qu J L,Wei C Q,Sun G H,Zhao Y T,Chai Y S.Influence of nitrogen levels on morphological and physiological characteristics of root system in japonica rice in northeast China.China J Rice Sci,2012,26(6):723-730.
[15]戢林,李廷轩,张锡洲,余海英.氮高效利用基因型水稻根系形态和活力特征.中国农业科学,2012,45(23):4770-4781.Ji L,Li T X,Zhang X Z,Yu H Y.Root Morphological and Activity Characteristics of Rice Genotype with High Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency.Sci Agric Sin,2012,45(23):4770-4781.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]王余龙,姚友礼,刘宝玉,吕贞龙.不同生育时期氮素供应水平对杂交水稻根系生长及其活力的影响.作物学报,1997,23(6):699-706.Wang Y L,Yao Y L,Liu B Y,Lv Z L.Effects of Nitrogen treatment in different growth periods on the root growth and its activity of hybrid rice.Acta Agron Sin,1997,23(6):699-706.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]蔡昆争,骆世明,段舜山.水稻根系的空间分布及其与产量的关系.华南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2003,24(3):1-4.Cai K Z,Luo S M,Duan S S.The Relationship between Spatial Distribution of Rice Root System and Yield.J South Chin Agric Univ:Nat Sci Ed.2003,24(3):1-4.(In Chinese with English abstract)
[18]朱德峰,林贤青,曹卫星.水稻深层根系对生长和产量的影响.中国农业科学,2001,34(4):429-432.Zhu D F,Lin X Q,Cao W X.Effects of deep roots on growth and yield in two rice varieties.Sci Agric Sin,2001,34(4):429-432.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]陈佳娜,曹放波,谢小兵,单双吕,高伟,李志斌,黄敏,邹应斌.机插条件下低氮密植栽培对“早晚兼用”双季稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响.作物学报,2016,42(8):1176-1187.Chen J N,Cao F B,Xie X B,Shan S L,Gao W,Li Z B,Huang M,Zou Y B.Effect of low nitrogen rate combined with high plant density on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of machine-transplanted early-late season double cropping Rice.Acta Agrono Sin,2016,42(8):1176-1187.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]何金均,王立臣,宋建农,刘娟容,林桂竹.水稻种植机械化发展现状及制约因素分析.农机化研究,2009,31(2):1-4.He J J,W L C,S J N,L J R,L G Z.The progress of rice planting mechanization and analysis of its restrictive factors.J Agric Mechan Res,2009,31(2):1-4.(In Chinese with English abstract)
[4]Yang C,Yang L,Yang Y,Ouyang Z.Rice root growth and nutrient uptake as influenced by organic manure in continuously and alternately flooded paddy soils.Agric Water Manag.2004,70(1):67-81.
[5]Samejima H,Kondo M,Ito O,Nozoe T,Shinano T,Osaki M.Characterization of root systems with respect to morphological traits and nitrogen absorbing ability in new plant type of tropical rice lines.J Plant Nutr 2005,28(5):835-850.
[6]Osaki M,Shinano T,Matsumoto M,Zheng T,Tadano T.A root-shoot interaction hypothesis for high productivity of field crops.Soil Sci Plant Nutr,1996,42(2):289-301.
[7]Samejima H,Kondo M,Ito O,Nozoe T,Shinano T,Osaki M.Characterization of root systems with respect to morphological traits and nitrogen absorbing ability in new plant type of tropical rice lines.J Plant Nutr,2005,28(5):835-850.
[8]Zhang H,Xue Y,Wang Z,Yang J,Zhang J.Morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with shoot growth in“super”rice.Field Crops Res,2009,113(1):31-40.
[9]梁永书,周军杰,南文斌,段东东,张汉马.水稻根系研究进展.植物学报,2016,51(1):98-106.Liang Y S,Zhou J J,Nan W B,Duan D D,Zhang H M.Progress in rice root system research.Chin Bull Bot,2016,51(1):98–106.(In Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Johnson M G,Tingey D T,Phillips D L,Storm M J.Advancing fine root research with minirhizotrons.Environ Exp Bot.2001,45,263–289
[11]董桂春,陈琛,袁秋梅,羊彬,朱正康,曹文雅,仲军,周娟,罗刚,王熠,黄建晔,王余龙.氮肥处理对氮素高效吸收水稻根系性状及氮肥利用率的影响.生态学报,2016,36(3):642-651.Dong G C,Chen C,Yuan Q M,Yang B,Zhu Z K,Cao W Y,Zhong J,Zhou J,Luo G,Wang Y,Huang J Y,Wang Y L.The effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatments on root traits and nitrogen use efficiency in indica rice varieties with high nitrogen absorption efficiency.Acta Ecol Sin,2016,36(3):642-651.
[12]吴伟明,宋祥甫,孙宗修,于永红,邹国燕.不同类型水稻的根系分布特征比较.中国水稻科学,2001,15(4):276-280.Wu W M,Song X F,Sun Z X,Yu Y H,Zou G Y.Comparison of root distribution between different type tice.China J Rice Sci,2001,15(4):276-280.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]史正军,樊小林.水稻根系生长及根构型对氮素供应的适应性变化.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2002,30(6):1-6.Shi Z J,Fan X L.Growth and adaptive changes of rice(Oryza sativa L.)root architecture in response to nitrogen supply.J Northwest A&F Univ:Nat Sci Ed,2002,30(6):1-6.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]李洪亮,孙玉友,曲金玲,魏才强,孙国宏,赵云彤,柴永山.施氮量对东北粳稻根系形态生理特征的影响.中国水稻科学,2012,26(6):723-730.Li H L,Sun Y Y,Qu J L,Wei C Q,Sun G H,Zhao Y T,Chai Y S.Influence of nitrogen levels on morphological and physiological characteristics of root system in japonica rice in northeast China.China J Rice Sci,2012,26(6):723-730.
[15]戢林,李廷轩,张锡洲,余海英.氮高效利用基因型水稻根系形态和活力特征.中国农业科学,2012,45(23):4770-4781.Ji L,Li T X,Zhang X Z,Yu H Y.Root Morphological and Activity Characteristics of Rice Genotype with High Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency.Sci Agric Sin,2012,45(23):4770-4781.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]王余龙,姚友礼,刘宝玉,吕贞龙.不同生育时期氮素供应水平对杂交水稻根系生长及其活力的影响.作物学报,1997,23(6):699-706.Wang Y L,Yao Y L,Liu B Y,Lv Z L.Effects of Nitrogen treatment in different growth periods on the root growth and its activity of hybrid rice.Acta Agron Sin,1997,23(6):699-706.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]蔡昆争,骆世明,段舜山.水稻根系的空间分布及其与产量的关系.华南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2003,24(3):1-4.Cai K Z,Luo S M,Duan S S.The Relationship between Spatial Distribution of Rice Root System and Yield.J South Chin Agric Univ:Nat Sci Ed.2003,24(3):1-4.(In Chinese with English abstract)
[18]朱德峰,林贤青,曹卫星.水稻深层根系对生长和产量的影响.中国农业科学,2001,34(4):429-432.Zhu D F,Lin X Q,Cao W X.Effects of deep roots on growth and yield in two rice varieties.Sci Agric Sin,2001,34(4):429-432.(in Chinese with English abstract)