马铃薯种薯小型化生产技术研究
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摘要
为将种薯的平均单薯重降至约60g,促进小型化种薯早日应用生产。以尤金的2级原种为试验材料,选用密度(94 906,97 324,120 120,141 844株·hm~(-2))和播期(4月30日,5月16日,5月31日,6月15日)进行二因素随机区组试验。结果表明:密度和播期可极显著影响马铃薯的平均单薯重和产量,二者交互作用不显著,随着密度的增大,平均单薯重逐渐降低,产量先上升后下降;随着播期的推迟,平均单薯重和产量都呈下降趋势。6月15日播种141 844株·hm~(-2)虽然平均单薯重最低,为50.00g,但产量也严重降低,为23 176kg·hm~(-2)。因此,综合平均单薯重和产量等因素,生产中可采用播期5月31日、密度9 7324kg·hm~(-2)或播期5月31日、密度120 120kg·hm~(-2)。
In order to reduce the average potato weight to about 60 g,and promote the miniaturized potato application in production,miniaturization production technology of seed potato was analyzed by two factors randomized block experiment,including the density(94 906,97 324,120 120,141 844 plants·hm~(-2))and sowing date(30 Apr.,16 May,31 May,15 Jun.).The results showed that the sowing date and density had an extremely significant impact on the average weight of single potato and yield of potato,both interaction was not significant,with the density increases,the average weight of single potato decreased,yield showed first increase,then decrease;with the sowing date postpones,the average weight of single potato and yield tended to decrease.Although the average weight of single potato of treatment that sown in 15 Jun.,density was 141 844 plants·hm~(-2) was the lowest,but its yield was also the lowest.Therefore,combined average weight of single potato and yield,it is suggested that treatment that sown in 31 May,density was 97 324 kg·hm~(-2) or sown in 31 May,density was 120 120 kg·hm~(-2) should be adopted in production.
In order to reduce the average potato weight to about 60 g,and promote the miniaturized potato application in production,miniaturization production technology of seed potato was analyzed by two factors randomized block experiment,including the density(94 906,97 324,120 120,141 844 plants·hm~(-2))and sowing date(30 Apr.,16 May,31 May,15 Jun.).The results showed that the sowing date and density had an extremely significant impact on the average weight of single potato and yield of potato,both interaction was not significant,with the density increases,the average weight of single potato decreased,yield showed first increase,then decrease;with the sowing date postpones,the average weight of single potato and yield tended to decrease.Although the average weight of single potato of treatment that sown in 15 Jun.,density was 141 844 plants·hm~(-2) was the lowest,but its yield was also the lowest.Therefore,combined average weight of single potato and yield,it is suggested that treatment that sown in 31 May,density was 97 324 kg·hm~(-2) or sown in 31 May,density was 120 120 kg·hm~(-2) should be adopted in production.
引文
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[14]石瑛,卢翠华,陈伊里,等.密度和钾肥对马铃薯品种东农306产量的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2007,21(4):193-196.
[15]吕文河,申忠宝.不同密度和种薯大小对产量及主要农艺性状的影响[J].马铃薯杂志,1997,11(4):205-209.
[16]蔺海明,周建军,王蒂,等.大整薯稀播对马铃薯农艺性状和产量的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):304-308.
[17]姚卫华.马铃薯小薯整播与切块播种产量对比研究[J].杂粮作物,2008,28(4):265-266.
[18]赵怀勇,何新春,张红菊,等.整薯播种对马铃薯生长发育及产量和品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2009,44(3):53-57.
[2]罗其友,刘洋,高明杰,等.中国马铃薯产业现状与前景[J].农业展望,2015(3):35-40.
[3]李文娟,秦军红,谷建苗,等.从世界马铃薯产业发展谈中国马铃薯的主粮化[J].中国食物与营养,2015,21(7):5-9.
[4]孙慧生.马铃薯育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:381.
[5]叶加贵,林敏莉,林昌庭.马铃薯切块与小整薯播种的产量比较[J].马铃薯杂志,1999,13(1):42-43.
[6]齐连芬,崔暋,徐涵,等.冀中南地区小型化脱毒种薯生产技术研究[J].长江蔬菜(学术版),2008(10b):9-10.
[7]王朝海,龙国.马铃薯不同生产来源脱毒种薯整薯、切块作种与产量关系研究[J].种子,2004,23(10):67-68.
[8]樊学舞,马鸿霞,刘慧萍.西吉县旱地马铃薯整薯播种的突出优势及顶芽培育技术[J].中国马铃薯,2009,23(2):113-114.
[9]李谋智.马铃薯产业必须重视种薯生产[J].甘肃农业,2003(10):48-49.
[10]李阳,刘世海,丁世成,等.整薯大小与栽培密度对马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2011(11):49-52,55.
[11]夏玉春,徐兴兵.小整薯播种对马铃薯植株性状和产量的影响[J].中国果菜,2010(9):24-25.
[12]唐启义,冯光明.实用统计分析及其DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[13]李玉莲,王效瑜,张小川.宁夏南部山区马铃薯生产种种薯微型化生产技术研究[J].现代农业科技,2011(2):129-131.
[14]石瑛,卢翠华,陈伊里,等.密度和钾肥对马铃薯品种东农306产量的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2007,21(4):193-196.
[15]吕文河,申忠宝.不同密度和种薯大小对产量及主要农艺性状的影响[J].马铃薯杂志,1997,11(4):205-209.
[16]蔺海明,周建军,王蒂,等.大整薯稀播对马铃薯农艺性状和产量的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):304-308.
[17]姚卫华.马铃薯小薯整播与切块播种产量对比研究[J].杂粮作物,2008,28(4):265-266.
[18]赵怀勇,何新春,张红菊,等.整薯播种对马铃薯生长发育及产量和品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2009,44(3):53-57.