韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对十三种有机肥的趋性研究
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摘要
【目的】通过研究韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang成虫对不同有机肥的趋性,为田间通过施肥防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊提供理论依据。【方法】选取13种有机肥为实验材料,通过室内控制实验、Y型嗅觉仪实验及田间小区实验,研究了韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对不同有机肥的产卵选择性及嗅觉行为趋性。【结果】韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对不同有机肥的趋性顺序为:豆粕、基质>畜肥>禽肥>香油渣>鹌鹑粪>草木灰(P<0.05)。成虫对豆粕、基质、畜肥等表现为正趋性;对鹌鹑粪、腐熟鹌鹑粪和草木灰表现为负趋性,并且成虫在这3种肥料上的卵量及田间施用小区幼虫数量均显著低于对照(P<0.05)。【结论】田间可在成虫羽化初期合理施用腐熟的禽肥(鹌鹑粪等)或草木灰等,在提高韭菜产量的同时又减少成虫落卵数量,从而控制韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生量。
[Objectives] To determine the preferences of adult Bradysia odoriphaga for different organic fertilizers and thereby provide a scientific basis for choosing fertilizers to control this pest. [Methods] Preferences of adult B. odoriphaga for different organic fertilizers were assessed in indoor controlled experiments, Y-tube experiments and field experiments. [Results] The relative preference for different organic fertilizers was as follows: soybean meal matrix > animal manure > poultry manure > sesame oil residue > quail manure > plant ash. There was a positive preference for soybean meal matrix and animal manure but a negative preference for quail manure, composted quail manure and plant ash. Moreover, oviposition and numbers of larvae produced on the latter three fertilizers were significantly less than on the control. [Conclusion] Using composted poultry manure and plant ash as fertilizers when adult B. odoriphaga are present could not only improve the efficacy of controlling this pest but also increase crop yield.
[Objectives] To determine the preferences of adult Bradysia odoriphaga for different organic fertilizers and thereby provide a scientific basis for choosing fertilizers to control this pest. [Methods] Preferences of adult B. odoriphaga for different organic fertilizers were assessed in indoor controlled experiments, Y-tube experiments and field experiments. [Results] The relative preference for different organic fertilizers was as follows: soybean meal matrix > animal manure > poultry manure > sesame oil residue > quail manure > plant ash. There was a positive preference for soybean meal matrix and animal manure but a negative preference for quail manure, composted quail manure and plant ash. Moreover, oviposition and numbers of larvae produced on the latter three fertilizers were significantly less than on the control. [Conclusion] Using composted poultry manure and plant ash as fertilizers when adult B. odoriphaga are present could not only improve the efficacy of controlling this pest but also increase crop yield.
引文
An LN,Zhao X,Dong LX,Lu WY,Dong JZ,Wei GS,2014.Bioactivity and safety evaluation of veratrine 0.5%SL against Bradysia odoriphaga.Agrochemicals,53(12):924-926.[安立娜,赵鑫,董立新,路文雅,董建臻,魏国树,2014.0.5%藜芦碱可溶液剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的生物活性及安全性评价.农药,53(12):924-926.]
Cheng YQ,Sun YF,Liu RN,Mao HY,2002.Harmless control techniques of diseases and insect pests of leek.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,6:27-28.[程亚樵,孙元峰,刘荣宁,毛红彦,2002.无公害韭菜病虫害综合防治技术.河南农业科学,6:27-28.]
Fang JP,Li D,1998.The use of grass ash on plant protection.Plant Doctor,(3):42.[方俊平,李东,1998.草木灰在植保上的用途.植物医生,(3):42.]
Feng HQ,Zheng FQ,1987.The study of occurrence regularity and control on Bradysia odoriphaga.Journal of Shandong Agricultural University,18(1):71-80.[冯惠琴,郑方强,1987.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生规律及防治研究.山东农业大学学报,18(1):71-80.]
Gao CG,Zhang XL,Peng RY,Li ZS,Tao YS,2012.Seed meal control method-a new method for controlling Chinese chive maggot.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,44(3):100-102.[高成功,张晓雷,彭荣元,李振山,陶跃顺,2012.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊防治新方法-籽粕防治法.山东农业科学,44(3):100-102.]
Ge HB,Li BT,Shi QH,Pan XH,2010.Effects of fertilization on disease,insect pests and weeds during the production of green rice.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,26(1):195-199.[葛洪滨,李保同,石庆华,潘晓华,2010.不同肥料种类及施用量对绿色稻米生产的病虫草发生的影响.中国农学通报,26(1):195-199.]
Li ML,Gu J,Qin QJ,Liu MJ,2007.Effects of different organic fertilizer on plant character,quality and yield of soybean.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat.Sci.Ed.),(9):67-72.[李鸣雷,谷洁,高华,秦清军,刘萌娟,2007.不同有机肥对大豆植株性状、品质和产量的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),(9):67-72.]
Li ZX,Zhu GD,Zhao X,Xue M,Liu F,Ji GX,2017.Effects of different kinds of fertilizers on the occurrence of Bradysia odoriphage.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,33(9):64-68.[李朝霞,祝国栋,赵西,薛明,刘芳,纪桂霞,2017.不同肥料对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生的影响.中国农学通报,33(9):64-68.]
Liu YJ,2004.The fertility and efficacy of plant ash.Northwest Horticulture,(12):33.[刘彦俊,2004.草木灰的肥效和药效.西北园艺,(12):33.]
Liu ZL,Ying FQ,2006.The occurrence and harmless control techniques of Bradysia ordoriphag.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(8):77.[刘宗立,应芳卿,2006.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生与无公害防治.现代农业科技,(8):77.]
Lu QY,Zhang WX,Guo WL,Zhang Y,2006.A preliminary study on distributing phase and sampling methods of Braidysia olaiphage larva in Chinese chive Field.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,15(2):75-77.[卢巧英,张文学,郭卫龙,张毅,2006.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫田间分布型及抽样技术研究初报.西北农业学报,15(2):75-77.]
Mei ZX,Wu QJ,Zhang YJ,Hua L,2003.The biology,ecology and management of Bradysia odoriphaga.Entomological Knowledge,40(5):396-398.[梅增霞,吴青君,张友军,花蕾,2003.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的生物学、生态学及其防治.昆虫知识,40(5):396-398.]
Shi CH,Yang YT,Han HL,Cheng JX,Wu QJ,Xu BY,Zhang YJ,2016.Population dynamics and summer and winter habitats of Bradysia odoriphaga in the Beijing area.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,53(6):1174-1183.[史彩华,杨玉婷,韩昊霖,程佳旭,吴青君,徐宝云,张友军,2016.北京地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态及越夏越冬场所调查研究.应用昆虫学报,53(6):1174-1183.]
Wang P,Qin YC,Zhu D,Li PY,Xie JJ,Geng YG,2011.Toxicity determination of biopesticide against Bradysia odoriphaga and its control effect in field.China Plant Protecyion,31(5):40-42.[王萍,秦玉川,朱栋,李鹏燕,谢建军,耿以工,2011.生物农药对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的毒杀作用及田间药效.中国植保导刊,31(5):40-42.]
Wang SS,Li HY,2011.Non-pollution comprehensive control technology of Bradysia ordoriphag.Plant Doctor,(6):10-11.[王顺生,李海燕,2011.韭菜根蛆无公害综合防治技术.植物医生,(6):10-11.]
Xu YX,Zhu CH,Yang YL,Xu XL,Lu JY,2013.Experimental study on the effect of biogas slurry on Bradysia odoriphaga.Renewable Energy,31(2):68-70.[徐延熙,朱长华,杨艳丽,徐晓琳,卢俊英,2013.沼液对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊驱避效果的试验研究.可再生能源,31(2):68-70.]
Xue M,Yuan L,Xu ML,2002.The olfactory response of adults to volatiles and compare of toxicity of different insecticides to the adults and larvae of Bradysia odoriphaga.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,(2):50-56.[薛明,袁林,徐曼琳,2002.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对挥发性物质的嗅觉反应及不同杀虫剂的毒力比较.农药学学报,(2):50-56.]
Zhao DM,2009.Use of plant ash.Modern Agricultural Science and Technolog,(13):41.[赵冬梅,2009.草木灰的使用.现代农村科技,(13):41.]
Zhang L,Yan MY,2007.The technology of using fertilizer to control field pest.Agriculture and Technology,27(3):111.[张丽,闫明宇,2007.利用肥料防治田间害虫技术.农业与技术,27(3):111.]
Zhang P,Wang QH,Zhao YH,Chen CY,Mu W,Liu F,2015.Investigation of crop damage and food preferences of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,52(3):743-749.[张鹏,王秋红,赵云贺,陈澄宇,慕卫,刘峰,2015.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊对十三种蔬菜为害调查及趋性研究.应用昆虫学报,52(3):743-749.]
Zhang YM,Li N,Zhang JX,2015.Effects of different application rates of grass ash on maize growth.Beijing Agriculture,(26):55-56.[张余莽,李楠,张静霞,2015.草木灰不同施肥量对玉米生长的影响.北京农业,(26):55-56.]
Zhao J,Yu SL,2010.Using biogas slurry to control Bradysia ordoriphag.Northern Horticulture,(9):180-181.[赵静,于淑玲,2010.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的沼液防治法.北方园艺,(9):180-181.]
Zhou XH,Zhang SC,Zhuang QY,Zhang AS,Li LL,Men XY,Zhai YF,Yu Y,2015.Screening and evaluation of the artificial diets of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang(Diptera:Sciaridae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,58(11):1245-1252.[周仙红,张思聪,庄乾营,张安盛,李丽莉,门兴元,翟一凡,于毅,2015.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊人工饲料配方筛选及饲养效果比较.昆虫学报,58(11):1245-1252.]
Zhang ZJ,Li WX,He M,Zhu XD,Lin WC,Li XW,Li WD,Zhang JM,Bei YW,LüYB,2016.Behavioral responses of female Bradysiaod oriphaga Yang et Zhang to volatiles of conspecific larvae,pupae and eggs.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,53(6):1198-1204.[张治军,李文香,贺敏,朱晓丹,林文彩,李晓维,郦卫弟,章金明,贝亚维,吕要斌,2016.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫对其不同虫态气味的行为反应.应用昆虫学报,53(6):1198-1204.]
Cheng YQ,Sun YF,Liu RN,Mao HY,2002.Harmless control techniques of diseases and insect pests of leek.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,6:27-28.[程亚樵,孙元峰,刘荣宁,毛红彦,2002.无公害韭菜病虫害综合防治技术.河南农业科学,6:27-28.]
Fang JP,Li D,1998.The use of grass ash on plant protection.Plant Doctor,(3):42.[方俊平,李东,1998.草木灰在植保上的用途.植物医生,(3):42.]
Feng HQ,Zheng FQ,1987.The study of occurrence regularity and control on Bradysia odoriphaga.Journal of Shandong Agricultural University,18(1):71-80.[冯惠琴,郑方强,1987.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生规律及防治研究.山东农业大学学报,18(1):71-80.]
Gao CG,Zhang XL,Peng RY,Li ZS,Tao YS,2012.Seed meal control method-a new method for controlling Chinese chive maggot.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,44(3):100-102.[高成功,张晓雷,彭荣元,李振山,陶跃顺,2012.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊防治新方法-籽粕防治法.山东农业科学,44(3):100-102.]
Ge HB,Li BT,Shi QH,Pan XH,2010.Effects of fertilization on disease,insect pests and weeds during the production of green rice.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,26(1):195-199.[葛洪滨,李保同,石庆华,潘晓华,2010.不同肥料种类及施用量对绿色稻米生产的病虫草发生的影响.中国农学通报,26(1):195-199.]
Li ML,Gu J,Qin QJ,Liu MJ,2007.Effects of different organic fertilizer on plant character,quality and yield of soybean.Journal of Northwest A&F University(Nat.Sci.Ed.),(9):67-72.[李鸣雷,谷洁,高华,秦清军,刘萌娟,2007.不同有机肥对大豆植株性状、品质和产量的影响.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),(9):67-72.]
Li ZX,Zhu GD,Zhao X,Xue M,Liu F,Ji GX,2017.Effects of different kinds of fertilizers on the occurrence of Bradysia odoriphage.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,33(9):64-68.[李朝霞,祝国栋,赵西,薛明,刘芳,纪桂霞,2017.不同肥料对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生的影响.中国农学通报,33(9):64-68.]
Liu YJ,2004.The fertility and efficacy of plant ash.Northwest Horticulture,(12):33.[刘彦俊,2004.草木灰的肥效和药效.西北园艺,(12):33.]
Liu ZL,Ying FQ,2006.The occurrence and harmless control techniques of Bradysia ordoriphag.Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(8):77.[刘宗立,应芳卿,2006.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生与无公害防治.现代农业科技,(8):77.]
Lu QY,Zhang WX,Guo WL,Zhang Y,2006.A preliminary study on distributing phase and sampling methods of Braidysia olaiphage larva in Chinese chive Field.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,15(2):75-77.[卢巧英,张文学,郭卫龙,张毅,2006.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫田间分布型及抽样技术研究初报.西北农业学报,15(2):75-77.]
Mei ZX,Wu QJ,Zhang YJ,Hua L,2003.The biology,ecology and management of Bradysia odoriphaga.Entomological Knowledge,40(5):396-398.[梅增霞,吴青君,张友军,花蕾,2003.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的生物学、生态学及其防治.昆虫知识,40(5):396-398.]
Shi CH,Yang YT,Han HL,Cheng JX,Wu QJ,Xu BY,Zhang YJ,2016.Population dynamics and summer and winter habitats of Bradysia odoriphaga in the Beijing area.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,53(6):1174-1183.[史彩华,杨玉婷,韩昊霖,程佳旭,吴青君,徐宝云,张友军,2016.北京地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态及越夏越冬场所调查研究.应用昆虫学报,53(6):1174-1183.]
Wang P,Qin YC,Zhu D,Li PY,Xie JJ,Geng YG,2011.Toxicity determination of biopesticide against Bradysia odoriphaga and its control effect in field.China Plant Protecyion,31(5):40-42.[王萍,秦玉川,朱栋,李鹏燕,谢建军,耿以工,2011.生物农药对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的毒杀作用及田间药效.中国植保导刊,31(5):40-42.]
Wang SS,Li HY,2011.Non-pollution comprehensive control technology of Bradysia ordoriphag.Plant Doctor,(6):10-11.[王顺生,李海燕,2011.韭菜根蛆无公害综合防治技术.植物医生,(6):10-11.]
Xu YX,Zhu CH,Yang YL,Xu XL,Lu JY,2013.Experimental study on the effect of biogas slurry on Bradysia odoriphaga.Renewable Energy,31(2):68-70.[徐延熙,朱长华,杨艳丽,徐晓琳,卢俊英,2013.沼液对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊驱避效果的试验研究.可再生能源,31(2):68-70.]
Xue M,Yuan L,Xu ML,2002.The olfactory response of adults to volatiles and compare of toxicity of different insecticides to the adults and larvae of Bradysia odoriphaga.Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,(2):50-56.[薛明,袁林,徐曼琳,2002.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对挥发性物质的嗅觉反应及不同杀虫剂的毒力比较.农药学学报,(2):50-56.]
Zhao DM,2009.Use of plant ash.Modern Agricultural Science and Technolog,(13):41.[赵冬梅,2009.草木灰的使用.现代农村科技,(13):41.]
Zhang L,Yan MY,2007.The technology of using fertilizer to control field pest.Agriculture and Technology,27(3):111.[张丽,闫明宇,2007.利用肥料防治田间害虫技术.农业与技术,27(3):111.]
Zhang P,Wang QH,Zhao YH,Chen CY,Mu W,Liu F,2015.Investigation of crop damage and food preferences of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,52(3):743-749.[张鹏,王秋红,赵云贺,陈澄宇,慕卫,刘峰,2015.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊对十三种蔬菜为害调查及趋性研究.应用昆虫学报,52(3):743-749.]
Zhang YM,Li N,Zhang JX,2015.Effects of different application rates of grass ash on maize growth.Beijing Agriculture,(26):55-56.[张余莽,李楠,张静霞,2015.草木灰不同施肥量对玉米生长的影响.北京农业,(26):55-56.]
Zhao J,Yu SL,2010.Using biogas slurry to control Bradysia ordoriphag.Northern Horticulture,(9):180-181.[赵静,于淑玲,2010.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的沼液防治法.北方园艺,(9):180-181.]
Zhou XH,Zhang SC,Zhuang QY,Zhang AS,Li LL,Men XY,Zhai YF,Yu Y,2015.Screening and evaluation of the artificial diets of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang(Diptera:Sciaridae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,58(11):1245-1252.[周仙红,张思聪,庄乾营,张安盛,李丽莉,门兴元,翟一凡,于毅,2015.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊人工饲料配方筛选及饲养效果比较.昆虫学报,58(11):1245-1252.]
Zhang ZJ,Li WX,He M,Zhu XD,Lin WC,Li XW,Li WD,Zhang JM,Bei YW,LüYB,2016.Behavioral responses of female Bradysiaod oriphaga Yang et Zhang to volatiles of conspecific larvae,pupae and eggs.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,53(6):1198-1204.[张治军,李文香,贺敏,朱晓丹,林文彩,李晓维,郦卫弟,章金明,贝亚维,吕要斌,2016.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊雌成虫对其不同虫态气味的行为反应.应用昆虫学报,53(6):1198-1204.]