辽宁地区韭菜根蛆发生与为害规律
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摘要
为明确辽宁地区韭菜田根蛆发生种类及优势种的消长动态,于2014-2017年分别采用黄色水盆诱集和挖根的方法对根蛆成虫和幼虫的发生和为害规律进行了系统调查研究。结果表明,辽宁韭菜田根蛆主要有韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang和食用菌异迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia difformis Frey,二者常常混合发生。北镇地区优势种为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊,年发生7~8代,其中冬季温室期发生3~4代。初冬扣棚后根蛆为害期与冬韭生产期高度重合。沈阳东陵地区优势种为食用菌异迟眼蕈蚊,其在露地韭菜上年发生5代。根蛆在田间呈聚集分布,聚集程度随种群密度的增大而升高。施用有机肥可显著降低根蛆的为害程度。根蛆以3龄幼虫在大葱上越冬。辽宁地区根蛆的发生规律呈现冬季发生重,春、秋季略轻发生,夏季基本不发生的特点。
To clarify the dominant pest species and occurrence regularity of Chinese leek root maggot in the leek fields of Liaoning Province,the occurrence of adults and larvae were investigated systematically by the earth yellow basins trapping and digging methods in the trial fields from 2014 to 2017.The results showed that Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang and B.difformis Frey mixed occurred in Liaoning Province.The B.odoriphaga was the dominant species in Beizhen and occurred seven to eight generations in chive fields annually,including three or four generations in greenhouses in winter.The infestation period of root maggot was highly consistent with the leek growing season in winter.The dominant species in Dongling,Shenyang was B.difformis,with five generations per year in open fields.Except the infestation in early winter after sheltering with plastic film,spring and autumn chives are also damaged by root maggot at different extent.The larvae showed aggregated distribution in field and the aggregation degree increased with the increase of population density.Organic fertilizer significantly depressed the injury level,and the survey showed that root maggot overwinter on Allium fistulosum with 3rd instar larva.It is concluded that the root maggot severely occurs in winter shelter,while less occurs in spring and autumn,and hardly occurs in summer.
To clarify the dominant pest species and occurrence regularity of Chinese leek root maggot in the leek fields of Liaoning Province,the occurrence of adults and larvae were investigated systematically by the earth yellow basins trapping and digging methods in the trial fields from 2014 to 2017.The results showed that Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang and B.difformis Frey mixed occurred in Liaoning Province.The B.odoriphaga was the dominant species in Beizhen and occurred seven to eight generations in chive fields annually,including three or four generations in greenhouses in winter.The infestation period of root maggot was highly consistent with the leek growing season in winter.The dominant species in Dongling,Shenyang was B.difformis,with five generations per year in open fields.Except the infestation in early winter after sheltering with plastic film,spring and autumn chives are also damaged by root maggot at different extent.The larvae showed aggregated distribution in field and the aggregation degree increased with the increase of population density.Organic fertilizer significantly depressed the injury level,and the survey showed that root maggot overwinter on Allium fistulosum with 3rd instar larva.It is concluded that the root maggot severely occurs in winter shelter,while less occurs in spring and autumn,and hardly occurs in summer.
引文
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[7]苟玉萍,刘倩,刘长仲.不同寄主植物对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育和繁殖的影响[J].植物保护,2015,41(1):28-32.
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[13]ZHANG P,LIU F,MU W,et al.Comparison of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang and Zhang reared on artificial diet and different host plants based on an age-stage,two-sex life table[J].Phytoparasitica,2015,43:107-120.
[14]杨景娟,孟庆俭,许永玉,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的性别分化及其生态与进化意义[J].昆虫知识,2006,43(4):470-473.
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[16]KEATES S E,STURROCK R N,SUTHERLAND J R.Populations of adult fungus gnats and shore flies in British Columbia container nurseries as related to nursery environment,and incidence of fungi on the insects[J].New Forests,1989,3:1-9.
[17]BRAUN S E,SANDERSON J P,WRAIGHT S P.Larval Bradysia impatiens(Diptera:Sciaridae)potential for vectoring Pythiumroot rot pathogens[J].Ecology and Epidemiology,2012,102(3):283-289.
[18]MARIN-CRUZ V H,CIBRIAN-TOVAR D C,MENDEZMONTIEL J T,et al.Black fungus gnats Lycoriella ingenua(Dufor,1989)and Bradysia impatiens(Johannsen,1912)(Diptera:Sciaridae)in Pinus montezumae Lamb[J].Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales,2015,6(27):90-100.
[19]MARINCRUZ V H,CIBRIANTOVAR D C,MENDEZ-MONTIEL J T,et al.Biology of Lycoriella ingenua and Bradysia impatiens(Diptera:Sciaridae)[J].Madera y Bosques,2015,21(1):113-128.
[20]张爽,张绍勇,赵应苟,等.异迟眼蕈蚊成虫行为学特征及性信息素初步研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(4):1069-1074.
[21]刘倩,苟玉萍,刘长仲.温度对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育和繁殖的影响[J].植物保护,2015,41(5):85-87.
[22]吴青君,于毅,谷希树,等.韭菜根蛆的发生危害及综合防治技术研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(6):1165-1173.
[23]杨集昆,张学敏,杨春清.贵州省眼蕈蚊科的分类(双翅目:长角亚目)[J].昆虫分类学报,1993,15(4):283-311.
[24]张海松.用线性化中的加权方法分析Taylor幂法则下的种群聚集度[J].昆虫知识,1994,31(1):30-32.
[25]于树,汪景宽,李双异.应用PLFA方法分析长期不同施肥处理对玉米地土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(9):4221-4227.
[26]申卫收,林先贵,张华勇,等.不同施肥处理下蔬菜塑料大棚土壤微生物活性及功能多样性[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2682-2689.
[27]陈晓芬,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土团聚体有机碳、氮分布和微生物生物量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(5):950-960.
[28]肖婷,陈啸寅,庄义庆,等.三叶斑潜蝇过冷却点和冰点的测定[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(4):1289-1293.
[29]冯惠琴,郑方强.韭菜发生规律及防治研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1987,18(1):71-80.
[30]梅增霞,吴青君,张友军,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的生物学、生态学及其防治[J].昆虫知识,2003,40(5):396-398.
[31]周仙红,张思聪,庄乾营,等.不同栽培模式下韭菜迟眼蕈蚊诱集方法比较[J].植物保护,2016,42(1):243-248.
[2]冯惠琴,郑方强.韭菜发生规律及防治研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1987,18(1):71-80.
[3]史彩华,杨玉婷,韩昊霖,等.北京地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊种群动态及越夏越冬场所调查研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(6):1174-1183.
[4]杨集昆,张学敏.韭菜蛆的鉴定迟眼蕈蚊属二新种[J].北京农业大学学报,1985,11(2):153-157.
[5]MEAD F W,FASULO T R.Darkwinged fungus gnats,Bradysiaspp.(Insecta:Diptera:Sciaridae)[R].IFAS Extension,University of Florida,2015:EENY-215.
[6]张宏瑞,张晓云,沈登荣,等.食用菌异迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia difformis的生物学特性[J].中国食用菌,2008,27(6):54-56.
[7]苟玉萍,刘倩,刘长仲.不同寄主植物对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育和繁殖的影响[J].植物保护,2015,41(1):28-32.
[8]林宝祥,陈立新,刘吉业,等.哈尔滨地区韭蛆发生规律研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014(3):73-74.
[9]张鹏,王秋红,赵云贺,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊对十三种蔬菜为害调查及趋性研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(3):743-749.
[10]王承香,刘建平,刘振龙,等.韭菜设施和露地栽培中韭蛆的发生和防治对策[J].北方园艺,2014(22):113-117.
[11]张友军,吴青君,王少丽,等.我国蔬菜重要害虫研究现状与展望[J].植物保护,2013,39(5):38-45.
[12]马晓丹,李朝霞,薛明,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫诱杀技术研究[J].中国植保导刊,2013,33(12):33-36.
[13]ZHANG P,LIU F,MU W,et al.Comparison of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang and Zhang reared on artificial diet and different host plants based on an age-stage,two-sex life table[J].Phytoparasitica,2015,43:107-120.
[14]杨景娟,孟庆俭,许永玉,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的性别分化及其生态与进化意义[J].昆虫知识,2006,43(4):470-473.
[15]WIKINSON J D,DAUGHERTY D M.The biology and immature stages of Bradysia impatiens(Diptera:Sciaridae)[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1970,63(3):656-660.
[16]KEATES S E,STURROCK R N,SUTHERLAND J R.Populations of adult fungus gnats and shore flies in British Columbia container nurseries as related to nursery environment,and incidence of fungi on the insects[J].New Forests,1989,3:1-9.
[17]BRAUN S E,SANDERSON J P,WRAIGHT S P.Larval Bradysia impatiens(Diptera:Sciaridae)potential for vectoring Pythiumroot rot pathogens[J].Ecology and Epidemiology,2012,102(3):283-289.
[18]MARIN-CRUZ V H,CIBRIAN-TOVAR D C,MENDEZMONTIEL J T,et al.Black fungus gnats Lycoriella ingenua(Dufor,1989)and Bradysia impatiens(Johannsen,1912)(Diptera:Sciaridae)in Pinus montezumae Lamb[J].Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales,2015,6(27):90-100.
[19]MARINCRUZ V H,CIBRIANTOVAR D C,MENDEZ-MONTIEL J T,et al.Biology of Lycoriella ingenua and Bradysia impatiens(Diptera:Sciaridae)[J].Madera y Bosques,2015,21(1):113-128.
[20]张爽,张绍勇,赵应苟,等.异迟眼蕈蚊成虫行为学特征及性信息素初步研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2014,51(4):1069-1074.
[21]刘倩,苟玉萍,刘长仲.温度对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育和繁殖的影响[J].植物保护,2015,41(5):85-87.
[22]吴青君,于毅,谷希树,等.韭菜根蛆的发生危害及综合防治技术研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(6):1165-1173.
[23]杨集昆,张学敏,杨春清.贵州省眼蕈蚊科的分类(双翅目:长角亚目)[J].昆虫分类学报,1993,15(4):283-311.
[24]张海松.用线性化中的加权方法分析Taylor幂法则下的种群聚集度[J].昆虫知识,1994,31(1):30-32.
[25]于树,汪景宽,李双异.应用PLFA方法分析长期不同施肥处理对玉米地土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(9):4221-4227.
[26]申卫收,林先贵,张华勇,等.不同施肥处理下蔬菜塑料大棚土壤微生物活性及功能多样性[J].生态学报,2008,28(6):2682-2689.
[27]陈晓芬,李忠佩,刘明,等.不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土团聚体有机碳、氮分布和微生物生物量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(5):950-960.
[28]肖婷,陈啸寅,庄义庆,等.三叶斑潜蝇过冷却点和冰点的测定[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(4):1289-1293.
[29]冯惠琴,郑方强.韭菜发生规律及防治研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1987,18(1):71-80.
[30]梅增霞,吴青君,张友军,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的生物学、生态学及其防治[J].昆虫知识,2003,40(5):396-398.
[31]周仙红,张思聪,庄乾营,等.不同栽培模式下韭菜迟眼蕈蚊诱集方法比较[J].植物保护,2016,42(1):243-248.