韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在川芎上的为害及鉴定
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摘要
为明确河北省安国市川芎种植田根蛆类害虫发生为害情况及害虫种类,采集安国川芎根蛆幼虫至室内,模拟田间生境进行继代饲养,以羽化的第1代根蛆成虫为试验材料。利用成虫形态特征比对方法和分子生物学分类技术共同对安国川芎根蛆的种类进行了鉴定,并采用5点取样法对安国川芎田根蛆的为害情况进行了系统调查。结果表明,安国川芎根蛆为害率为4%～82%,死苗率最高可达22%,单株平均虫口数量可达37. 76头;安国川芎根蛆主要通过幼虫为害川芎的根茎部,造成川芎上部叶片枯黄,严重时根部被咬食一空,造成整株死亡。通过传统的成虫形态特征比对,明确了安国川芎根蛆成虫的形态特征与韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的形态特征基本一致;同时分子标记鉴定结果也显示,安国川芎根蛆mt DNA-COI基因序列与韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的一致性为99%,因此,确定了安国川芎根蛆为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫。研究明确了近年在河北省安国市川芎上为害并严重影响川芎产量和品质的根蛆为韭菜迟眼蕈蚊,同时明确了川芎根蛆的为害特点和为害程度,旨在为今后川芎根蛆的绿色防控提供科学依据。
In order to determine the occurrence and species of root maggot pests in cultivated Chuanxiong fields in Anguo City,Hebei Province,the larvae of root maggot were collected and reared in simulated field habitats. The species of root maggots of Chuanxiong in Anguo City were identified by using traditional morphological classification technology and modern molecular biological classification technology. The damage characteristics and degree of root maggots of Chuanxiong in Anguo City were systematically investigated by five-point sampling method.The results showed that the damage rate of root maggots was 4%-82%,the death rate of seedlings was 22%,and the average number of insects per plant was 37. 76. The root maggots of Chuanxiong mainly damaged the root and stem of Chuanxiong through larvae,resulting in yellowing of the upper leaves of Chuanxiong,and the whole plant died when the roots were eaten completely. By comparing the traditional morphological characteristics of the adults,it was found that the morphological characteristics of the root maggot of Chuanxiong in Anguo were basically the same as those of the Bradysia odoriphaga,and the results of molecular marker identification showed that the sequence of mt DNA-COI gene of the root maggot of Chuanxiong in Anguo was 99% consistent with that of the B. odoriphaga. Root maggots were B. odoriphaga larvae. The results of this study showed that the root maggot species harmed and seriously affected the yield and quality of Chuanxiong in Anguo City of Hebei Province in recent years were B. odoriphaga,and the damage characteristics and degree of the root maggot of Chuanxiong were clarified,which would provide a scientific basis for the green control of the root maggot of Chuanxiong in the future.
In order to determine the occurrence and species of root maggot pests in cultivated Chuanxiong fields in Anguo City,Hebei Province,the larvae of root maggot were collected and reared in simulated field habitats. The species of root maggots of Chuanxiong in Anguo City were identified by using traditional morphological classification technology and modern molecular biological classification technology. The damage characteristics and degree of root maggots of Chuanxiong in Anguo City were systematically investigated by five-point sampling method.The results showed that the damage rate of root maggots was 4%-82%,the death rate of seedlings was 22%,and the average number of insects per plant was 37. 76. The root maggots of Chuanxiong mainly damaged the root and stem of Chuanxiong through larvae,resulting in yellowing of the upper leaves of Chuanxiong,and the whole plant died when the roots were eaten completely. By comparing the traditional morphological characteristics of the adults,it was found that the morphological characteristics of the root maggot of Chuanxiong in Anguo were basically the same as those of the Bradysia odoriphaga,and the results of molecular marker identification showed that the sequence of mt DNA-COI gene of the root maggot of Chuanxiong in Anguo was 99% consistent with that of the B. odoriphaga. Root maggots were B. odoriphaga larvae. The results of this study showed that the root maggot species harmed and seriously affected the yield and quality of Chuanxiong in Anguo City of Hebei Province in recent years were B. odoriphaga,and the damage characteristics and degree of the root maggot of Chuanxiong were clarified,which would provide a scientific basis for the green control of the root maggot of Chuanxiong in the future.
引文
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[14]渠成,穆常青,张晓曼,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在生菜上的为害及鉴定[J].植物保护,2017,43(2):167-171.
[15]张鹏,王秋红,赵云贺,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊对十三种蔬菜为害调查及趋性研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(3):743-749.
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[18]岳巧云,邱德义,黄艺文,等. DNA条形码技术在未知昆虫幼虫种类鉴定中的应用[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2011,21(3):615-617.
[19] Shin S,Jung S,Heller K,et al. DNA barcoding of Bradysia(Diptera:Sciardae)for detection of the immature stages on agriculture crops[J]. Journal of Applied Entomology,2015,139(8):638-645.
[20] Hebert P D N,Cywinska A,Ball S L,et al. Biological identification through DNA barcodes[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society,2003,270(1512):313-321.
[21]史彩华.“日晒高温覆膜法”在韭蛆防治中的应用[J].中国蔬菜,2017(7):26.
[22]武海斌,宫庆涛,张坤鹏,等.昆虫病原线虫与黑色粘板配合使用对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防治[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(4):632-638.
[23]宋健,曹伟平,杜立新.对韭蛆高毒力Bt菌株与常用化学杀虫剂相容性研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(6):739-746.
[24]马晓丹,薛明,李朝霞,等.五种昆虫生长调节剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的致毒作用[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(2):271-277.
[2]陈莉华,张伟.川穹栽培及病虫害防治技术[J].四川农业科技,2012(3):36-37.
[3]杨继祥,田义新.药用植物栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[4]刘华飞.川芎天麻散治疗偏头痛100例临床观察[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2005,14(5):607-608.
[5]柳喜琴.浅谈川芎的食药两用发展[J].农业科技与信息,2015(24):10.
[6]曾华兰,叶鹏盛,倪国成,等.川芎主要病虫害及其发生危害规律研究[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(1):99-101.
[7]张友军,吴青君,王少丽,等.我国蔬菜重要害虫研究现状与展望[J].植物保护,2013,39(5):38-45.
[8]陈浩,曹雪,张利焕,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在胡萝卜上的发生为害情况初报,中国植保导刊,2018,38(3):48-50.
[9]杨景娟,孟庆俭,许永玉,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的性别分化及其生态与进化意义[J].昆虫知识,2006,43(4):470-473.
[10] Folmer O,Black M,Hoeh W,et al. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates[J]. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology,1994,3(5):294-299.
[11]杨定.河北动物志双翅目[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2009:67.
[12]李文香,杨玉婷,吴青君,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊研究进展[J].植物保护,2015,41(5):8-12.
[13]谢超,贺敏,李传仁.江汉平原地区韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生特点[J].环境昆虫学报,2016,38(3):535-540.
[14]渠成,穆常青,张晓曼,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在生菜上的为害及鉴定[J].植物保护,2017,43(2):167-171.
[15]张鹏,王秋红,赵云贺,等.韭菜迟眼蕈蚊对十三种蔬菜为害调查及趋性研究[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(3):743-749.
[16] Menzel F,Smith J E,Chandler P J. The sciarid fauna of the British Isles(Diptera:Sciaridae),including descriptions of six new species[J]. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society,2006,146(1):1-147.
[17] Sutou M,Kato T,Ito M. Recent discoveries of armyworms in Japan and their species identification using DNA barcoding[J]. Molecular Ecology Resources,2011,11(6):992-1001.
[18]岳巧云,邱德义,黄艺文,等. DNA条形码技术在未知昆虫幼虫种类鉴定中的应用[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2011,21(3):615-617.
[19] Shin S,Jung S,Heller K,et al. DNA barcoding of Bradysia(Diptera:Sciardae)for detection of the immature stages on agriculture crops[J]. Journal of Applied Entomology,2015,139(8):638-645.
[20] Hebert P D N,Cywinska A,Ball S L,et al. Biological identification through DNA barcodes[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society,2003,270(1512):313-321.
[21]史彩华.“日晒高温覆膜法”在韭蛆防治中的应用[J].中国蔬菜,2017(7):26.
[22]武海斌,宫庆涛,张坤鹏,等.昆虫病原线虫与黑色粘板配合使用对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的防治[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(4):632-638.
[23]宋健,曹伟平,杜立新.对韭蛆高毒力Bt菌株与常用化学杀虫剂相容性研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2017,33(6):739-746.
[24]马晓丹,薛明,李朝霞,等.五种昆虫生长调节剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的致毒作用[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(2):271-277.