人工饲料饲养的叉角厉蝽对昆虫的捕食能力评价
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摘要
叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellate(Wolff)是广泛分布于热带亚热带地区的一种重要捕食性天敌昆虫。为评估人工饲料饲养的叉角厉蝽的捕食能力,在实验室采用捕食功能反应的方法,以黄粉虫作为中介猎物饲养的叉角厉蝽为对照,评价了人工饲料饲养的叉角厉蝽3龄若虫、5龄若虫以及雌成虫对黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor(L.)幼虫及斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius) 3龄幼虫、5龄幼虫的捕食效能。结果表明,两种饲料饲养的不同虫态叉角厉蝽的捕食量均随着猎物密度的增加而上升,当猎物密度增加到一定水平,捕食量趋于稳定,其捕食功能反应均符合Holling II模型。人工饲料组饲养的各虫态叉角厉蝽与对照组的对黄粉虫幼虫的捕食量没有明显差异;在饱和猎物密度条件下,人工饲料饲养的叉角厉蝽3龄若虫、5龄若虫以及雌成虫对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别为7.20、9.20、14.60头,对斜纹夜蛾5龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别4.20、5.80、6.20头,均略低于对照组,但从取食猎物数量上来看,仍保持较强的捕食能力。
Eocanthecona furcellata(Wolff) is an important predatory natural enemy distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The effect of artificial diets on the predation ability of E.furcellata to the larvae of Tenebrio molitor(L.) and Spodoptera litura(Fabricius) was evaluated with functional response method in laboratory, E.furcellata fed with the larvae of T.molitor were used as the control. The predatory efficiency of E.furcellata(3~(rd) instar nymph, 5~(th) instar nymph and female adults) to the larvae of T.molitor and S.litura(3~(rd) instar larvae and 5~(th) instar larvae) were evaluated. Results showed that the prey consumed by two types of E.furcellata both increased with the increase of prey density, and when the prey density increased to saturation level, the quantity of prey consumed by E.furcellata tended to be stable. The predatory function responses of E.furcellata in different development stage to the T.molitor and S.litura fit the Holling-II model. No significant difference were observed in the predatory capacity to T.molitor larvae between E.furcellata reared with artificial diets and T.molitor larvae. Under the saturation prey density, the maximum number of 3~(rd) instar larvae of S.litura consumed by 3~(rd) instar nymph, 5~(th) instar nymph and female adults of E.furcellata reared with artificial diets were 7.20, 9.20 and 14.60 daily, respectively, and they were 4.20, 5.80 and 6.20 when provided with 5~(th) instar larvae of S.litura. Though the quantity of S.litura larvae consumed by E.furcellata reared with artificial diets was fewer than those reared with T.molitor larvae, E.furcellata reared with artificial diets still kept the strong predatory capacity.
Eocanthecona furcellata(Wolff) is an important predatory natural enemy distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The effect of artificial diets on the predation ability of E.furcellata to the larvae of Tenebrio molitor(L.) and Spodoptera litura(Fabricius) was evaluated with functional response method in laboratory, E.furcellata fed with the larvae of T.molitor were used as the control. The predatory efficiency of E.furcellata(3~(rd) instar nymph, 5~(th) instar nymph and female adults) to the larvae of T.molitor and S.litura(3~(rd) instar larvae and 5~(th) instar larvae) were evaluated. Results showed that the prey consumed by two types of E.furcellata both increased with the increase of prey density, and when the prey density increased to saturation level, the quantity of prey consumed by E.furcellata tended to be stable. The predatory function responses of E.furcellata in different development stage to the T.molitor and S.litura fit the Holling-II model. No significant difference were observed in the predatory capacity to T.molitor larvae between E.furcellata reared with artificial diets and T.molitor larvae. Under the saturation prey density, the maximum number of 3~(rd) instar larvae of S.litura consumed by 3~(rd) instar nymph, 5~(th) instar nymph and female adults of E.furcellata reared with artificial diets were 7.20, 9.20 and 14.60 daily, respectively, and they were 4.20, 5.80 and 6.20 when provided with 5~(th) instar larvae of S.litura. Though the quantity of S.litura larvae consumed by E.furcellata reared with artificial diets was fewer than those reared with T.molitor larvae, E.furcellata reared with artificial diets still kept the strong predatory capacity.
引文
Cai CR,Zhang XD,Zhao JZ.Studies on the liquid artificial diets for larvae of Chrysopa sinica Tjeder [J].Natural Enemies of Insects,1983,5(2):82-85.[蔡长荣,张宣达,赵敬钊.中华草蛉幼虫液体人工饲料的研究[J].昆虫天敌,1983,5(2):82-85]
Chen QJ,Li GH,Pang Y.A simple artificial diet for mass rearing of some noctuid species[J].Entomological Knowledge,2000,37(6):325-327.[陈其津,李广宏,庞义.饲养五种夜蛾科昆虫的一种简易人工饲料[J].昆虫知识,2000,37(6):325-327.]
Chen R,Liang GW,Zhang CY,et al.The functional response of Canthecona furcellata (Wolff) (Hemiptera:Asopinae) to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) [J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2015,37(2):401-406.[陈然,梁广文,张拯研,等.叉角厉蝽对斜纹夜蛾的捕食功能反应[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(2):401-406]
He XN,Xian JD,Chen R,et al.Effects of four insect feed on development and reproduction of Cantheconidea furcellata (Hemiptera:Asopinae) [J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2013,35(6):799-803.[何旭诺,冼继东,陈然,等.4种昆虫饲料对叉角厉蝽生长发育和繁殖的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2013,35(6):799-803]
Holling CS.Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism[J].The Canadian Entomologist,1959,91(7):385-398.
Houck MA,Strauss RE.The comparative study of functional response experimental design and statistical interpretation [J].Canadian Entomology,1985,115:617-629.
Huang BH,Zou YD,Bi SD,et al.Artificial diet for adults of Chilocorus rubidus [J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2005,10(3):4-9.[黄保宏,邹运鼎,毕守东,等.黑缘红瓢虫成虫人工饲料研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2005,10(3):4-9]
Jiang JX,Liang GW,Wang KW.Predation of several predators to common cutworm,Spodoptera litura [J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2001,17(4):78-81.[蒋杰贤,梁广文,王奎武.几种天敌对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的捕食作用[J].上海农业学报,2001,17(4):78-81]
Jiang JX,Liang GW.The selective predation of Cantheconidea furcellate Wolff on the different instar larvae of Spodoptera litura in coexistence of three age type [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21 (4) :684-687.[蒋杰贤,梁广文.叉角厉蝽对斜纹夜蛾不同龄期幼虫的选择捕食作用[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):684-687]
Lenin EA,Rajan SJ.Biology of predatory bug Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) on Corcyra cephalonica Stainton [J].Journal of Entomology & Zoology Studies,2016,4:338-340.
Li WH,Jia CJ,Chen HP,et al.Functional response of Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) to the larvae of Heortia vitessoides (Moore) [J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2015,37(4):843-848.[李文华,贾彩娟,陈惠平,等.叉角厉蝽对黄野螟幼虫的捕食功能反应[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(4):843-848]
Li ZF,Chen ZT,Yan Z,et al.Artificial diet for Chrysopa formosa larva [J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2013,34(3):547-550.[李志飞,陈泽坦,严珍,等.丽草蛉幼虫人工饲料的研究[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(3):547-550]
Lin MZ,Chen HY,Yang HX,et al.Activities of major digestive enzymes in the midgut of Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) larva fed on artificial diets [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2008,24(3):205-209.[林美珍,陈红印,杨海霞,等.大草蛉幼虫人工饲料最优配方的饲养效果及其中肠主要消化酶的活性测定[J].中国生物防治,2008,24(3):205-209.]
Ray SN,Khan MA.Biology of a predatory bug,Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) on poplar defoliator,Corcyra fulgurita walker (Lepidoptera:Notodontidae) [J].Journal of Biopesticides,2011,4:109-111.
Siddaiah AA,Devi AR.Biology of predatory bug Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) on Vapourer tussock moth larvae:A major pest of tasar silkworm food plants [J].Journal of Entomology,2015,30:26-30.
Tan XL,Wang S,Li XL,et al.Optimization and application of microencapsulated artificial diet for Orius sauter (Hemiptera:Anthocoridae) [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2010,53(8):891-900.[谭晓玲,王甦,李修炼,等.东亚小花蝽人工饲料微胶囊剂型的研制及饲养效果评价[J].昆虫学报,2010,53(8):891-900.]
Wang LN,Chen HY,Zhang LS,et al.Improved formulations of an artificial diet for larvae of Propylea japonica [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2008,24(4):306-311.[王利娜,陈红印,张礼生,等.龟纹瓢虫幼虫人工饲料的研究[J].中国生物防治,2008,24(4):306-311.]
Xie QM,Liang GW,Luo S,et al.Observation of the predacious function of a bug Cantheconidae furcellata on litchi looper Thalassodes proquadria [J].Jiangxi Science,2001,19(1):21-23.[谢钦铭,梁广文,罗诗,等.叉角厉蝽对绿额翠尺蛾幼虫的捕食作用的初步研究[J].江西科学,2001,19(1):21-23]
Ye ZC,Han YM,Wang DG,et al.Studies on the artificial diets for larvae and adults of Chrysopa sinica Tjeder [J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,1979,6(2):11-16.[叶正楚,韩玉梅,王德贵,等.中华草蛉人工饲料的研究[J].植物保护学报,1979,6(2):11-16.]
Zhang J,Zhou YL,Sun SH.Rearing of Armal chinensis (Fallou) (Hemipter:Pentatomidae) on an artificial diet [J].Forest Pest and Disease,2017,36(4):37-40.[张健,周毓麟,孙守慧.利用人工饲料连代饲养蠋蝽若虫效果评价[J].中国森林病虫,2017,36(4):37-40.]
Zhang LL,Li K,Zhang TS,et al.The effect of the artificial diets on Propylea japonica growth and fecundity [J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2007,44(6):178-678.[张丽莉,李恺,张天澍,等.人工饲料对龟纹瓢虫生长和繁殖的影响[J].昆虫知识,2007,44(6):178-678.]
Zhang ML,Lu CQ.Rearing of Cantheconidae furcellata[J].Natural Enemies of Insects,1996,18(1):74-77.[张敏玲,卢传权.叉角厉蝽的饲养[J].昆虫天敌,1996,18(1):74-77]
Zhang S.Study on Effects of an Artificial Diet with Non-insect Ingredient on Biological,Biochemical and Predatory Characteristics of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) [D].Beijin:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2014.[张屾.非昆虫源人工饲料对异色瓢虫生物学、生化特性及捕食行为影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014]
Zhang SC,Zhou XM,Pan Y,et al.Evaluation of an artificial liquid diet of Orius similis Zheng (Hemiptera:Anthocoridae) [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2008,51(9):997-1001.[张士昶,周兴苗,潘悦,等.南方小花蝽液体人工饲料的饲养效果评价[J].昆虫学报,2008,51(9):997-1001.]
Zhang TS,Li K,Zhang LL,et al.The effect of the artificial diets on Propylea japonica predation function [J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2008,45(5):791-794.[张天澍,李恺,张丽莉,等.人工饲料对龟纹瓢虫捕食功能的影响[J].昆虫知识,2008,45(5):791-794]
Zhou WR,Chen HY,Qiu SB.Rearing Chrysopa sinica on a simplified encapsulated diet for ten successive generations [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1985,1(1):8-11.[周伟儒,陈红印,邱式邦.用简化配方的人工卵连代饲养中华草蛉[J].生物防治通报,1985,1(1):8-11.]
Zhou WR,Wang R.Rearing of Orius sauteri [Hem.:Anthocoridae] with natural and artificial diets [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1989,5(1):9-12.[周伟儒,王韧.用天然和人工饲料饲养小花蝽的研究[J].生物防治通报,1989,5(1):9-12.]
Zhu DF.Studies on the characteristics of Cantheconidea furcellata (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae,Asopinae) [J].Natural Enemies,1990,12(2):71-74.[朱涤芳.叉角厉蝽生物学特性研究[J].昆虫天敌,1990,12 (2):71-74]
Chen QJ,Li GH,Pang Y.A simple artificial diet for mass rearing of some noctuid species[J].Entomological Knowledge,2000,37(6):325-327.[陈其津,李广宏,庞义.饲养五种夜蛾科昆虫的一种简易人工饲料[J].昆虫知识,2000,37(6):325-327.]
Chen R,Liang GW,Zhang CY,et al.The functional response of Canthecona furcellata (Wolff) (Hemiptera:Asopinae) to Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) [J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2015,37(2):401-406.[陈然,梁广文,张拯研,等.叉角厉蝽对斜纹夜蛾的捕食功能反应[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(2):401-406]
He XN,Xian JD,Chen R,et al.Effects of four insect feed on development and reproduction of Cantheconidea furcellata (Hemiptera:Asopinae) [J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2013,35(6):799-803.[何旭诺,冼继东,陈然,等.4种昆虫饲料对叉角厉蝽生长发育和繁殖的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2013,35(6):799-803]
Holling CS.Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism[J].The Canadian Entomologist,1959,91(7):385-398.
Houck MA,Strauss RE.The comparative study of functional response experimental design and statistical interpretation [J].Canadian Entomology,1985,115:617-629.
Huang BH,Zou YD,Bi SD,et al.Artificial diet for adults of Chilocorus rubidus [J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2005,10(3):4-9.[黄保宏,邹运鼎,毕守东,等.黑缘红瓢虫成虫人工饲料研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2005,10(3):4-9]
Jiang JX,Liang GW,Wang KW.Predation of several predators to common cutworm,Spodoptera litura [J].Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2001,17(4):78-81.[蒋杰贤,梁广文,王奎武.几种天敌对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的捕食作用[J].上海农业学报,2001,17(4):78-81]
Jiang JX,Liang GW.The selective predation of Cantheconidea furcellate Wolff on the different instar larvae of Spodoptera litura in coexistence of three age type [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21 (4) :684-687.[蒋杰贤,梁广文.叉角厉蝽对斜纹夜蛾不同龄期幼虫的选择捕食作用[J].生态学报,2001,21(4):684-687]
Lenin EA,Rajan SJ.Biology of predatory bug Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) on Corcyra cephalonica Stainton [J].Journal of Entomology & Zoology Studies,2016,4:338-340.
Li WH,Jia CJ,Chen HP,et al.Functional response of Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) to the larvae of Heortia vitessoides (Moore) [J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2015,37(4):843-848.[李文华,贾彩娟,陈惠平,等.叉角厉蝽对黄野螟幼虫的捕食功能反应[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(4):843-848]
Li ZF,Chen ZT,Yan Z,et al.Artificial diet for Chrysopa formosa larva [J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2013,34(3):547-550.[李志飞,陈泽坦,严珍,等.丽草蛉幼虫人工饲料的研究[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(3):547-550]
Lin MZ,Chen HY,Yang HX,et al.Activities of major digestive enzymes in the midgut of Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) larva fed on artificial diets [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2008,24(3):205-209.[林美珍,陈红印,杨海霞,等.大草蛉幼虫人工饲料最优配方的饲养效果及其中肠主要消化酶的活性测定[J].中国生物防治,2008,24(3):205-209.]
Ray SN,Khan MA.Biology of a predatory bug,Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) on poplar defoliator,Corcyra fulgurita walker (Lepidoptera:Notodontidae) [J].Journal of Biopesticides,2011,4:109-111.
Siddaiah AA,Devi AR.Biology of predatory bug Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) on Vapourer tussock moth larvae:A major pest of tasar silkworm food plants [J].Journal of Entomology,2015,30:26-30.
Tan XL,Wang S,Li XL,et al.Optimization and application of microencapsulated artificial diet for Orius sauter (Hemiptera:Anthocoridae) [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2010,53(8):891-900.[谭晓玲,王甦,李修炼,等.东亚小花蝽人工饲料微胶囊剂型的研制及饲养效果评价[J].昆虫学报,2010,53(8):891-900.]
Wang LN,Chen HY,Zhang LS,et al.Improved formulations of an artificial diet for larvae of Propylea japonica [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2008,24(4):306-311.[王利娜,陈红印,张礼生,等.龟纹瓢虫幼虫人工饲料的研究[J].中国生物防治,2008,24(4):306-311.]
Xie QM,Liang GW,Luo S,et al.Observation of the predacious function of a bug Cantheconidae furcellata on litchi looper Thalassodes proquadria [J].Jiangxi Science,2001,19(1):21-23.[谢钦铭,梁广文,罗诗,等.叉角厉蝽对绿额翠尺蛾幼虫的捕食作用的初步研究[J].江西科学,2001,19(1):21-23]
Ye ZC,Han YM,Wang DG,et al.Studies on the artificial diets for larvae and adults of Chrysopa sinica Tjeder [J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,1979,6(2):11-16.[叶正楚,韩玉梅,王德贵,等.中华草蛉人工饲料的研究[J].植物保护学报,1979,6(2):11-16.]
Zhang J,Zhou YL,Sun SH.Rearing of Armal chinensis (Fallou) (Hemipter:Pentatomidae) on an artificial diet [J].Forest Pest and Disease,2017,36(4):37-40.[张健,周毓麟,孙守慧.利用人工饲料连代饲养蠋蝽若虫效果评价[J].中国森林病虫,2017,36(4):37-40.]
Zhang LL,Li K,Zhang TS,et al.The effect of the artificial diets on Propylea japonica growth and fecundity [J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2007,44(6):178-678.[张丽莉,李恺,张天澍,等.人工饲料对龟纹瓢虫生长和繁殖的影响[J].昆虫知识,2007,44(6):178-678.]
Zhang ML,Lu CQ.Rearing of Cantheconidae furcellata[J].Natural Enemies of Insects,1996,18(1):74-77.[张敏玲,卢传权.叉角厉蝽的饲养[J].昆虫天敌,1996,18(1):74-77]
Zhang S.Study on Effects of an Artificial Diet with Non-insect Ingredient on Biological,Biochemical and Predatory Characteristics of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) [D].Beijin:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dissertation,2014.[张屾.非昆虫源人工饲料对异色瓢虫生物学、生化特性及捕食行为影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014]
Zhang SC,Zhou XM,Pan Y,et al.Evaluation of an artificial liquid diet of Orius similis Zheng (Hemiptera:Anthocoridae) [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2008,51(9):997-1001.[张士昶,周兴苗,潘悦,等.南方小花蝽液体人工饲料的饲养效果评价[J].昆虫学报,2008,51(9):997-1001.]
Zhang TS,Li K,Zhang LL,et al.The effect of the artificial diets on Propylea japonica predation function [J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2008,45(5):791-794.[张天澍,李恺,张丽莉,等.人工饲料对龟纹瓢虫捕食功能的影响[J].昆虫知识,2008,45(5):791-794]
Zhou WR,Chen HY,Qiu SB.Rearing Chrysopa sinica on a simplified encapsulated diet for ten successive generations [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1985,1(1):8-11.[周伟儒,陈红印,邱式邦.用简化配方的人工卵连代饲养中华草蛉[J].生物防治通报,1985,1(1):8-11.]
Zhou WR,Wang R.Rearing of Orius sauteri [Hem.:Anthocoridae] with natural and artificial diets [J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,1989,5(1):9-12.[周伟儒,王韧.用天然和人工饲料饲养小花蝽的研究[J].生物防治通报,1989,5(1):9-12.]
Zhu DF.Studies on the characteristics of Cantheconidea furcellata (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae,Asopinae) [J].Natural Enemies,1990,12(2):71-74.[朱涤芳.叉角厉蝽生物学特性研究[J].昆虫天敌,1990,12 (2):71-74]