溶剂吸收-称重法测定焦油的影响因素分析
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摘要
在模拟焦油吸收装置和中试生物质气化炉系统考察正负压取样方式、粗燃气体积流量、焦油含量、取样时间、粗燃气中水分含量、焦油烘干时间、溶剂蒸发等因素对测定结果的影响。结果表明取样时间及溶剂蒸发是影响焦油测定结果准确性的2个主要因素,最佳的取样分析条件为:负压采样、粗燃气流量不大于2.0 Nm~3/h、焦油吸收时间10～15 min、取样前后量取吸收溶剂体积及60℃条件下焦油烘干6 h。在上述条件下,溶剂吸收-称量法定量焦油的相对误差可小于±5%。
It is important to precisely measure the tar content of syngas in evaluation of biomass gasification technology.Uncertainties of sampling and quantification of tar with solvent absorption and gravimetric measurement(SAGM) is investigated in simulated tar absorption device and syngas from a pilot fixed bed gasifier. The chief factors evolved in such uncertainty analysis include pressure of tar sampling,volumetric flow rate of syngas,mass content of tar in syngas,duration time of tar absorption,and mass content of water in syngas,volume of solvent evaporation during tar absorption process and variations of individual chemicals in tar in drying steps. The results showed that major contributions to the overall uncertainty are related to duration time of tar absorption and solvent evaporation during tar absorption steps. In order to keep the relative error of tar quantification by SAGM within ±5%,the following optimization conditions for tar sampling and measurement are advised,i.e.,tar sampling at negative pressure for 10-15 min,lower the volumetric flow rate of syngas passing the absorption bottles(≤2.0 Nm~3/h),and drying tar samples at 60℃for 6 h.
It is important to precisely measure the tar content of syngas in evaluation of biomass gasification technology.Uncertainties of sampling and quantification of tar with solvent absorption and gravimetric measurement(SAGM) is investigated in simulated tar absorption device and syngas from a pilot fixed bed gasifier. The chief factors evolved in such uncertainty analysis include pressure of tar sampling,volumetric flow rate of syngas,mass content of tar in syngas,duration time of tar absorption,and mass content of water in syngas,volume of solvent evaporation during tar absorption process and variations of individual chemicals in tar in drying steps. The results showed that major contributions to the overall uncertainty are related to duration time of tar absorption and solvent evaporation during tar absorption steps. In order to keep the relative error of tar quantification by SAGM within ±5%,the following optimization conditions for tar sampling and measurement are advised,i.e.,tar sampling at negative pressure for 10-15 min,lower the volumetric flow rate of syngas passing the absorption bottles(≤2.0 Nm~3/h),and drying tar samples at 60℃for 6 h.
引文
[1]Li Chunshan,Suzuki Kenzi. Tar property,analysis,reforming mechanism and model for biomass gasification—An overview[J]. Renewable andSustainable Energy Reviews,2009,13(3):594—604.
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[8]Woolcock P J,Koziel J A,Cai Lingshuang,et al.Analysis of trace contaminants in hot gas streams using time-weighted average solid-phase microextraction:Proof of concept[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2013,1281:1—8.
[9]Woolcock P J,Koziel J A,Johnston P A,et al.Analysis of trace contaminants in hot gas streams using time-weighted average solid-phase microextraction:Pilot-scale validation[J]. Fuel,2015,153:552—558.
[10]Moersch O, Spliethoff H, Hein K R G. Tar quantification with a new online analyzing method[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2000,18(1):79—86.
[11]Di Marcello M,Gallucci K,Rapagna S,et al. HPTLC and UV spectroscopy as innovative methods for biomass gasification tars analysis[J]. Fuel,2014,116:94—102.
[12]Carpenter D L,Deutch S P,French R J. Quantitative measurement of biomass gasifier tars using a molecularbeam mass spectrometer:Comparison with traditional impinger sampling[J]. Energy&Fuels,2007,21(5):3036—3043.
[13]Kaufman Rechulski M D,Schneebeli J,Geiger S,et al.Liquid-quench sampling system for the analysis of gas streams from biomass gasification processes. Part 2:Sampling condensable compounds[J]. Energy&Fuels,2012,26(10):6358—6365.
[14]Xu Ming,Brown R C,Norton G. Effect of sample aging on the accuracy of the International energy agency’s tar measurement protocol[J]. Energy&Fuels,2006,20(1):262—264.
[15]Xu Ming,Brown R C,Norton G,et al. Comparison of a solvent-free tar quantification method to the International Energy Agency’s tar measurement protocol[J]. Energy&Fuels,2005,19(6):2509—2513.
[2]Simell P,St?hlberg P,Kurkela E,et al. Provisional protocol for the sampling and anlaysis of tar and particulates in the gas from large-scale biomass gasifiers.Version 1998[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy,2000,18(1):19—38.
[3]Neeft J,Knoef H,Buffinga G,et al. Guideline for sampling and analysis of tars and particles in biomass producer gases[R]. Energy project ERK6-CT1999-20002(Tar protocol),2000.
[4]Neeft J, Knoef H, Zielke U, et al. Tar protocol.Development of a standard method for the measurement of organic contaminants("tar")in biomass producer gases[A]. Proceedings of the 1st World Conference on Biomass for Energy and Industry[C],Sevilla,Spain.2000.
[5]Hasler P,Nussbaumer T. Sampling and analysis of particles and tars from biomass gasifiers[J]. Biomass&Bioenergy,2000,18(1):61—66.
[6]Brage C,Yu Qizhuang,Chen Guangxing,et al. Use of amino phase adsorbent for biomass tar sampling and separation[J]. Fuel,1997,76(2):137—142.
[7]Dufour A,Girods P,Masson E,et al. Comparison of two methods of measuring wood pyrolysis tar[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2007,1164(1-2):240—247.
[8]Woolcock P J,Koziel J A,Cai Lingshuang,et al.Analysis of trace contaminants in hot gas streams using time-weighted average solid-phase microextraction:Proof of concept[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2013,1281:1—8.
[9]Woolcock P J,Koziel J A,Johnston P A,et al.Analysis of trace contaminants in hot gas streams using time-weighted average solid-phase microextraction:Pilot-scale validation[J]. Fuel,2015,153:552—558.
[10]Moersch O, Spliethoff H, Hein K R G. Tar quantification with a new online analyzing method[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2000,18(1):79—86.
[11]Di Marcello M,Gallucci K,Rapagna S,et al. HPTLC and UV spectroscopy as innovative methods for biomass gasification tars analysis[J]. Fuel,2014,116:94—102.
[12]Carpenter D L,Deutch S P,French R J. Quantitative measurement of biomass gasifier tars using a molecularbeam mass spectrometer:Comparison with traditional impinger sampling[J]. Energy&Fuels,2007,21(5):3036—3043.
[13]Kaufman Rechulski M D,Schneebeli J,Geiger S,et al.Liquid-quench sampling system for the analysis of gas streams from biomass gasification processes. Part 2:Sampling condensable compounds[J]. Energy&Fuels,2012,26(10):6358—6365.
[14]Xu Ming,Brown R C,Norton G. Effect of sample aging on the accuracy of the International energy agency’s tar measurement protocol[J]. Energy&Fuels,2006,20(1):262—264.
[15]Xu Ming,Brown R C,Norton G,et al. Comparison of a solvent-free tar quantification method to the International Energy Agency’s tar measurement protocol[J]. Energy&Fuels,2005,19(6):2509—2513.