非穴的效应——基于传统针灸理论的分析
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摘要
本文从《内经》传统理论入手,探讨体表非穴的针刺效应。主要包括:循经非穴效应,五体效应(局部效应、共鸣效应、五脏效应、特殊效应),部位效应(近治效应、结构呼应效应、全息效应、特定部位特殊效应)等。提出诸多创新性认识:(1)刺激体表非穴区,可产生明确的不限于局部近治的效应;如刺激五体有五体共鸣效应及五脏效应(提出五体对五脏的反作用)等。(2)部位效应内容丰富,其感应、呼应、对应的机理并非基于脏腑、经脉的主导,而与部位身形本身的气机特点有关。(3)针刺既有抽象的经络、腧穴效应,又有具象的五体、部位等效应;针刺尤其是针尖的"着力点"刺激,可有多种效应规律的叠加。(4)经穴与非穴刺激及效应的差异在于,前者重"气",是抽象的,动态的;后者重"形",是具象的,静态的。
Based on the traditional theory in Neijing(The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic), the acupuncture effects of non-acupoints on the body surface were explored. There are the effects of the non-acupoints on meridians, the effects of five tissues(local effects, resonance effects, five-zang effects and particular effects) and regional effects(nearby effects, structural corresponding effects, holistic effects and the special effects on the specific regions), etc. The innovative recognitions are proposed.(1) Stimulating the non-acupoint sites on the body surface generates definite effects, not limited to the local nearby effects. For example, the resonance effects and five-zang effects are generated by stimulating five tissues. The counter-acting force presents between five tissues and five-zang organs.(2) The regional effects are rich in content and its mechanisms on the induction, coordination and correspondence are not in reference to zangfu, meridian and collateral, but are related to the characteristics of qi activity of the regional body itself.(3) Acupuncture presents not only the effects of the abstract meridian-collateral and the acupoints, but also the effects of concrete five tissues and regions. Acupuncture therapeutic effects may result from the cumulative effects, especially related to the stimulation of the strength by the needle tip.(4) Regarding the differences in the effects between the meridian points and non-acupoint stimulation, the former attaches the importance on "qi ", which is abstract and dynamic and the later on "shape", which is concrete and static.
Based on the traditional theory in Neijing(The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic), the acupuncture effects of non-acupoints on the body surface were explored. There are the effects of the non-acupoints on meridians, the effects of five tissues(local effects, resonance effects, five-zang effects and particular effects) and regional effects(nearby effects, structural corresponding effects, holistic effects and the special effects on the specific regions), etc. The innovative recognitions are proposed.(1) Stimulating the non-acupoint sites on the body surface generates definite effects, not limited to the local nearby effects. For example, the resonance effects and five-zang effects are generated by stimulating five tissues. The counter-acting force presents between five tissues and five-zang organs.(2) The regional effects are rich in content and its mechanisms on the induction, coordination and correspondence are not in reference to zangfu, meridian and collateral, but are related to the characteristics of qi activity of the regional body itself.(3) Acupuncture presents not only the effects of the abstract meridian-collateral and the acupoints, but also the effects of concrete five tissues and regions. Acupuncture therapeutic effects may result from the cumulative effects, especially related to the stimulation of the strength by the needle tip.(4) Regarding the differences in the effects between the meridian points and non-acupoint stimulation, the former attaches the importance on "qi ", which is abstract and dynamic and the later on "shape", which is concrete and static.
引文
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[10]赵京生.“以痛为输”与“阿是穴”:概念术语考辨[J].针刺研究,2010,35(5):388-390.
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[12]黄龙祥.中国针灸学术史大纲[M].北京:华夏出版社,2001:248.
[13]刘兵,朱璐.身形之脉与经脉关系初探--从具象到抽象[J].中国针灸,2015,35(5):497-500.
[14]朱兵.系统针灸学--复兴体表医学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2015:82-83.
[15]赵京生.论腧穴的基本作用:近治作用[J].中国针灸,2015,35(11):1196.
[16]高树中.一针疗法--灵枢诠用(修订版)[M].济南:济南出版社,2007.
[17]彭静山.眼针疗法[J].中国针灸,1988,8(6):21-22.
[18]曹奛,路玫.以象释医[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2017:130-235.
[19]黄龙祥,黄幼民.针灸腧穴通考--《中华针灸穴典》研究(上册)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2011:4.
[2]Scharf HP,Mansmann U,Streitberger K,et al.Acupuncture and knee osteoarthritis a three-armed randomized trial[J].Ann Intern Med,2006,145(1):12-20.
[3]Melchart D,Streng A,Hoppe A,et al.Acupuncture in patients with tension-type headache:randomised controlled trial[J].BMJ,2005,331(7315):376-382.
[4]Le Bars D,Villanueva L,Bouhassira D,et al.Diffuse nocious inhibitory controls(DNIC)in animals and man[J].Patol Fiziol Eksp Fer,1992(4):55-56.
[5]于建春,于涛,韩景献.从基因表达差异分析腧穴和非腧穴针刺效应差异[J].中国针灸,2002,22(11):749-751.
[6]纪如荣.电刺激引起中枢原癌基因和阿片肽基因的表达及其定位[J].生理科学进展,1993,24(4):341.
[7]赵京生.从应用角度检视针灸理论[J].中国针灸,2017,37(10):1115-1118.
[8]刘兵.针灸多维视角辨治理论研究[J].中国针灸,2017,37(6):653-657.
[9]李建民.发现古脉--中国古典医学与数术身体观[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007:29.
[10]赵京生.“以痛为输”与“阿是穴”:概念术语考辨[J].针刺研究,2010,35(5):388-390.
[11]Thmas W.Myers.解剖列车--徒手与动作治疗的肌筋膜经线(第三版)[M].关玲,周维全,翁长水,译.北京:军事医学科学出版社,2015:26-38.
[12]黄龙祥.中国针灸学术史大纲[M].北京:华夏出版社,2001:248.
[13]刘兵,朱璐.身形之脉与经脉关系初探--从具象到抽象[J].中国针灸,2015,35(5):497-500.
[14]朱兵.系统针灸学--复兴体表医学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2015:82-83.
[15]赵京生.论腧穴的基本作用:近治作用[J].中国针灸,2015,35(11):1196.
[16]高树中.一针疗法--灵枢诠用(修订版)[M].济南:济南出版社,2007.
[17]彭静山.眼针疗法[J].中国针灸,1988,8(6):21-22.
[18]曹奛,路玫.以象释医[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2017:130-235.
[19]黄龙祥,黄幼民.针灸腧穴通考--《中华针灸穴典》研究(上册)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2011:4.