珍稀植物血皮槭人工更新幼苗死亡肇因探究
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摘要
野外调查中发现血皮槭(Acer griseum(Franch.) Pax)种群的天然更新实生幼苗库数量不足,主要原因是其1年生更新幼苗的存活率较低。采用分区试验,监测不同生境下1年生血皮槭更新幼苗的生长动态,探讨其死亡肇因并测试土壤酸碱度和光照环境等生境因子对其生长的影响。结果发现,血皮槭1年生幼苗易得立枯病,危害其根部导致幼苗干枯死亡;其次是易受夏季炎热天气干旱胁迫致死;而且血皮槭幼苗的根系吸收能力较差,导致其营养不良而死亡。分区试验结果还表明弱酸性土壤(6.5～7.0),夏季适度遮荫等抚育措施有利于1年生更新幼苗的存活和生长。
Field survey indicated that the naturally-regenerated seedlings of Acer griseum population were deficient mainly because of the low survival rate of annual regenerated seedlings.In this paper,the growth dynamics of artificial regenerated seedlings in different habitats were monitored by zoning experiments.The causes of death were investigated,also the effects of soil pH and light environment on the growth were tested as adaptive habitat factors.First,The annual seedlings are prone to blight,which cause the roots of seedlings rot off and die away;second,they are susceptible to drought stress in the hot summer weather;furthermore the roots of the A.griseum are underdeveloped,and the nutrient absorption capacity is poor which result in malnutrition and death.In addition,results of zoning experiments showed that weakly acidic soil(6.5～7.0),moderate shading treatments in summer are beneficial to improve the survival and growth of annual regenerated seedlings.
Field survey indicated that the naturally-regenerated seedlings of Acer griseum population were deficient mainly because of the low survival rate of annual regenerated seedlings.In this paper,the growth dynamics of artificial regenerated seedlings in different habitats were monitored by zoning experiments.The causes of death were investigated,also the effects of soil pH and light environment on the growth were tested as adaptive habitat factors.First,The annual seedlings are prone to blight,which cause the roots of seedlings rot off and die away;second,they are susceptible to drought stress in the hot summer weather;furthermore the roots of the A.griseum are underdeveloped,and the nutrient absorption capacity is poor which result in malnutrition and death.In addition,results of zoning experiments showed that weakly acidic soil(6.5～7.0),moderate shading treatments in summer are beneficial to improve the survival and growth of annual regenerated seedlings.
引文
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[21]刘永霞,岳延滨,刘岩,等.水稻根系与叶片形态特征关系的定量分析[J].江苏农业学报,2011,27(3):461-468.
[22]Wright IJ,Reich PB,Westoby M,et al.The worldwide leaf economics spectrum[J].Nature,2004,428(6985):821-827.
[2]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1981:66.
[3]傅立国,洪涛.中国高等植物[M].青岛:青岛出版社,2001:337.
[4]汪松,解焱.中国物种红色目录[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:26.
[5]Gibbs D,Chen Y.The red list of maples[M].London:Botanic gardens conservation international,2009:17.
[6]陈朋,于雪丹,张川红,等.中国特有种血皮槭的天然更新[J].林业科学,2013,49(3):159-164.
[7]Coggeshall R,Asiatic maples.Their propagation from softwood cuttings[J].Arnoldia,1957,17(8/9):45-56.
[8]Kling GJ,Jr MMM.Effects of phenolic compounds and indoleacetic acid on adventitious root initiation in cuttings of phaseolus aureus,Acer saccharinum,and Acer griseum[J].Hortscience,1983(18):352-354.
[9]杜丽雁,张春涛,高强,等.血皮槭播种育苗技术[J].林业实用技术,2005(3):24.
[10]陈丽,李冰,王梅,等.血皮槭的愈伤组织培养研究[J].北京园艺,2010(8):170-172.
[11]张川红,郑勇奇,吴见,等.血皮槭种子休眠机制研究[J].植物研究,2012,32(5):573-577.
[12]乔琦,秦新生,邢福武,等.珍稀植物伯乐树1年生更新幼苗的死亡原因和保育策略[J].生态学报,2011,31(16):4709-4716.
[13]刘向莉,高丽红,刘明池.植物组织中自由水和束缚水含量测定方法的改进[J].中国蔬菜,2005(4):9-11.
[14]Tanaka R,Koshino Y,Sawa S,et al.Overexpression of chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) enlarges the antenna size of photo-system Ⅱ in Arabidop-sis thaliana[J].Plant Journal,2001,26(4):365-373.
[15]向言词,彭少麟,周厚诚.广东南澳岛不同森林群落的林窗环境对3种移植幼苗生长的影响[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(2):230-234.
[16]李六林,季兰.杂交榛不同方位叶片光合作用的日变化[J].林业科学,2006,42(12):47-53.
[17]徐景致,李同凯,葛大勇,等.植物生长发育对光波段选择性吸收的研究进展[J].河北林果研究,2002,17(2):180-184.
[18]曹伍林,宋琦.环境变化对植物叶片结构光合作用的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(11):3221-3222,3256.
[19]陈雪梅,王友保.浅谈叶片结构对环境的适应[J].安徽农学通报,2007,13(19):80-81.
[20]王扬,房荣春,林明明,等.银杏叶片生长发育过程中生理生化指标动态变化[J].江苏农业科学,2011,39(4):155-158.
[21]刘永霞,岳延滨,刘岩,等.水稻根系与叶片形态特征关系的定量分析[J].江苏农业学报,2011,27(3):461-468.
[22]Wright IJ,Reich PB,Westoby M,et al.The worldwide leaf economics spectrum[J].Nature,2004,428(6985):821-827.