Z-27菌剂替代抗生素对断奶仔猪肠道消化酶、营养成分及其生长性能的影响
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摘要
为了评价枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)Z-27菌剂替代抗生素添加剂的饲喂效果,选用96头杜洛克长白杂交断奶仔猪,随机平均分为Ⅰ组(基础日粮)、Ⅱ组(基础日粮中添加0.02‰的硫酸黏杆菌素和0.05‰的硫酸庆大霉素)、Ⅲ组(基础日粮中添加0.02‰的硫酸黏杆菌素、0.05‰的硫酸庆大霉素和0.10%的Z-27菌剂)和Ⅳ组(基础日粮中添加0.10%的Z-27菌剂),饲喂期间,每天定时观察仔猪粪便情况,计算腹泻指数。分别于正试期开始和结束时对仔猪空腹12 h称体质量,并结算剩余料,计算平均日增质量和料重比。饲喂30 d后屠宰,测定十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物中的酸性蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶等消化酶活性,检测回肠、盲肠的内容物和粪便中的粗蛋白、淀粉、粗脂肪及粗纤维的含量。结果表明,与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅳ组十二指肠、空肠、回肠的酸性蛋白酶活性分别提高了74.55%(P<0.05)、133.40%(P<0.01)、177.61%(P<0.01),α-淀粉酶活性分别提高了36.82%(P<0.05)、69.72%(P<0.05)、117.73%(P<0.05),脂肪酶活性分别提高了30.71%(P<0.05)、71.03%(P<0.05)、120.38%(P<0.05),纤维素酶活性分别提高了225.07%(P<0.01)、244.77%(P<0.01)、248.50%(P<0.01);Ⅳ组仔猪粪便中的粗蛋白、淀粉、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量分别降低了29.49%(P<0.05)、53.41%(P<0.05)、22.71%(P<0.05)和31.60%(P<0.05);Ⅳ组平均日增质量提高5.35%(P>0.05),料重比降低3.95%(P>0.05),腹泻指数降低22.41%(P>0.05)。综上,Z-27菌剂能提高仔猪肠道消化酶活性,降低仔猪肠道内容物及粪便中粗蛋白、淀粉、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量,提高饲料利用率,提高生长性能,降低仔猪腹泻指数,其效果优于抗生素添加剂。
In order to evaluate the feeding effect of agent Z-27 which was a substitution of antibiotics on weaned piglets,96 weaned piglets( Doric × Landrace) were randomly and averagely divided into 4 groups.Basal diet was fed to weaned piglets in the groupⅠ. Basal diet with additions of 0. 02% colistin sulfate and 0. 05‰ gentamicin sulfate was fed to weaned piglets in the group Ⅱ. Basal diet with additions of0. 02% colistin sulfate,0. 05‰ gentamicin sulfate and 0. 10% agent Z-27 was fed to weaned piglets inthe group Ⅲ. Basal diet with additions of 0. 10% agent Z-27 was fed to weaned piglets in the group Ⅳ.Regular observation of weaned piglet feces was recorded every day during the feeding period and diarrhea index was calculated. Weights of weaned piglets and the surplus deed were obtained by fasting for 12 hours at both the beginning and the end of experimental stage and average daily gains and feed-weight ratios were calculated. After 30 days,slaughter of weaned piglets was executed. And digestive enzymes,such as acid protease,alpha-amylase,lipase and cellulose,in contents of duodenum,jejunum and ileum were determined. Then contents of nutrients,such as crude protein,starch,crude fat and crude fiber,in contents of ileum and cecum and in feces were determined. Compared with the group Ⅱ,activities of acid protease in contents of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in the group Ⅳ were increased by 74. 55%( P < 0. 05),133. 40%( P < 0. 01),177. 61%( P < 0. 01),respectively. And activities of alpha-amylase in contents of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in the group Ⅳ were increased by 36. 82%( P < 0. 05),69. 72%( P <0. 05),117. 73%( P < 0. 05),respectively. Activities of lipase in contents of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in the group Ⅳ were increased by 30. 71%( P < 0. 05),71. 03%( P < 0. 05),120. 38%( P < 0. 05),respectively. Activities of cellulose in contents of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in the group Ⅳ were increased by 225. 07%( P < 0. 01),244. 77%( P < 0. 01),248. 50%( P < 0. 01),respectively. Contents of nutrients,such as crude protein,starch,crude fat and crude fiber in feces in the group Ⅳ were decreased by 29. 49%( P < 0. 05),53. 41%( P < 0. 05),22. 71%( P < 0. 05) and 31. 60%( P < 0. 05),respectively. The average daily gain in the group Ⅳ was increased by 5. 35%( P > 0. 05). The feed-weight ratio and diarrhea index in the group Ⅳ were decreased by 3. 95%( P > 0. 05) and 22. 41%( P > 0. 05),respectively. The results showed that agent Z-27 had multifunction of improving intestinal digestive enzymes and growth performance of weaned piglets and feed utilization ratio,decreasing contents of nutrients,such as crude protein,starch,crude fat and crude fiber in intestinal tract and in feces of piglets and decreasing weaned piglet diarrhea. The effect of agent Z-27 was superior to antibiotics addition agent.
In order to evaluate the feeding effect of agent Z-27 which was a substitution of antibiotics on weaned piglets,96 weaned piglets( Doric × Landrace) were randomly and averagely divided into 4 groups.Basal diet was fed to weaned piglets in the groupⅠ. Basal diet with additions of 0. 02% colistin sulfate and 0. 05‰ gentamicin sulfate was fed to weaned piglets in the group Ⅱ. Basal diet with additions of0. 02% colistin sulfate,0. 05‰ gentamicin sulfate and 0. 10% agent Z-27 was fed to weaned piglets inthe group Ⅲ. Basal diet with additions of 0. 10% agent Z-27 was fed to weaned piglets in the group Ⅳ.Regular observation of weaned piglet feces was recorded every day during the feeding period and diarrhea index was calculated. Weights of weaned piglets and the surplus deed were obtained by fasting for 12 hours at both the beginning and the end of experimental stage and average daily gains and feed-weight ratios were calculated. After 30 days,slaughter of weaned piglets was executed. And digestive enzymes,such as acid protease,alpha-amylase,lipase and cellulose,in contents of duodenum,jejunum and ileum were determined. Then contents of nutrients,such as crude protein,starch,crude fat and crude fiber,in contents of ileum and cecum and in feces were determined. Compared with the group Ⅱ,activities of acid protease in contents of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in the group Ⅳ were increased by 74. 55%( P < 0. 05),133. 40%( P < 0. 01),177. 61%( P < 0. 01),respectively. And activities of alpha-amylase in contents of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in the group Ⅳ were increased by 36. 82%( P < 0. 05),69. 72%( P <0. 05),117. 73%( P < 0. 05),respectively. Activities of lipase in contents of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in the group Ⅳ were increased by 30. 71%( P < 0. 05),71. 03%( P < 0. 05),120. 38%( P < 0. 05),respectively. Activities of cellulose in contents of duodenum,jejunum and ileum in the group Ⅳ were increased by 225. 07%( P < 0. 01),244. 77%( P < 0. 01),248. 50%( P < 0. 01),respectively. Contents of nutrients,such as crude protein,starch,crude fat and crude fiber in feces in the group Ⅳ were decreased by 29. 49%( P < 0. 05),53. 41%( P < 0. 05),22. 71%( P < 0. 05) and 31. 60%( P < 0. 05),respectively. The average daily gain in the group Ⅳ was increased by 5. 35%( P > 0. 05). The feed-weight ratio and diarrhea index in the group Ⅳ were decreased by 3. 95%( P > 0. 05) and 22. 41%( P > 0. 05),respectively. The results showed that agent Z-27 had multifunction of improving intestinal digestive enzymes and growth performance of weaned piglets and feed utilization ratio,decreasing contents of nutrients,such as crude protein,starch,crude fat and crude fiber in intestinal tract and in feces of piglets and decreasing weaned piglet diarrhea. The effect of agent Z-27 was superior to antibiotics addition agent.
引文
[1]蒋宗勇,王丽,杨雪芬,等.北欧禁用抗生素的实践对我国养猪业的启示[J].养猪,2012(3):9-14.
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[10]周芳,谈静惠,王美琴,等.枯草芽孢杆菌D-29菌株发酵条件的优化[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(12):1333-1335.
[11]刘涛,张冬冬,姜军坡,等.枯草芽孢杆菌J-4制剂对肉鸡肠道酶活力及消化性能的影响[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(10):133-136.
[12]申俊华,周安国,王之盛,等.包被氧化锌对断奶仔猪腹泻指数及肠道发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(6):894-900.
[13]Castillo M,Martín-Orúe S M,Taylor-Pickard J A,et al.Use of mannanoligosaccharides and zinc chelate as growth promoters and diarrhea preventative in weaning pigs:Effects on microbiota and gut function[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(1):94-101.
[14]李梓慕,姜军坡,周曙光,等.Bacillus subtilis Z-27制剂对仔猪肠道酶活及消化性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(2):41-45.
[15]姜军坡,李毅,王世英,等.Z-27菌剂对育肥猪生长性能、肠道酶活力及消化性能的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(6):131-136.
[16]孔少元,姜军坡,周曙光,等.Bacillus subtilis Z-27制剂饲喂断奶仔猪应用研究[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(11):2598-2602.
[17]Park Y S,Lee J Y,Kim D H,et al.Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from feces of newborn baby and from Dongchimi[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2002,50(9):2531-2536.
[18]刘准.不同品种猪主要消化酶活性及相关基因mRNA表达的比较研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2010.
[19]陈彤,杨小燕,祁保民.猪增生性肠炎消化系统酶活性的变化[J].安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(2):267-270.
[20]蒋正宇,周岩民,王恬.单胃动物内源消化酶活性变化规律研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2005,26(6):85-93.
[21]翟玉洁,邓祖丽颖,姜军坡,等.枯草芽孢杆菌J-4菌株产抑菌物质发酵条件优化[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(2):131-135.
[22]曹丽萍,李万坤,陈燕军,等.抗生素饲料添加剂在动物生产中的规范应用[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(1):105-110.
[2]王华,张淑梅,钟颖婷,等.“乳菌宝”益生菌剂对断奶仔猪肠道生理生化指标的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(12):27-31.
[3]刘虎传,张敏红,冯京海,等.益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(6):1124-1131.
[4]杨旭辉,王开功,殷俊磊,等.复合益生素对仔猪免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(12):18-21.
[5]王娜,商志伟,赵敏.微生态制剂对仔猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响[J].食品与生物技术学报,2014,33(3):255-260.
[6]侯磊,单安山.芽孢杆菌对仔猪肠道菌群的影响[J].饲料研究,2010(3):16-18.
[7]张丽芳,王占武.戊糖乳杆菌制剂防治仔猪腹泻效果初探[J].中国微生态学杂志,2008,20(6):568-570.
[8]石秋锋,辛小召,赵佳强,等.益生菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响[J].养猪,2013(3):9-11.
[9]肖宏德,肖运才,何熙贞,等.用益生菌制剂代替断奶仔猪日粮中抗生素的研究[J].动物医学进展,2014,35(3):53-58.
[10]周芳,谈静惠,王美琴,等.枯草芽孢杆菌D-29菌株发酵条件的优化[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(12):1333-1335.
[11]刘涛,张冬冬,姜军坡,等.枯草芽孢杆菌J-4制剂对肉鸡肠道酶活力及消化性能的影响[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(10):133-136.
[12]申俊华,周安国,王之盛,等.包被氧化锌对断奶仔猪腹泻指数及肠道发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2013,44(6):894-900.
[13]Castillo M,Martín-Orúe S M,Taylor-Pickard J A,et al.Use of mannanoligosaccharides and zinc chelate as growth promoters and diarrhea preventative in weaning pigs:Effects on microbiota and gut function[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(1):94-101.
[14]李梓慕,姜军坡,周曙光,等.Bacillus subtilis Z-27制剂对仔猪肠道酶活及消化性能的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(2):41-45.
[15]姜军坡,李毅,王世英,等.Z-27菌剂对育肥猪生长性能、肠道酶活力及消化性能的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(6):131-136.
[16]孔少元,姜军坡,周曙光,等.Bacillus subtilis Z-27制剂饲喂断奶仔猪应用研究[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(11):2598-2602.
[17]Park Y S,Lee J Y,Kim D H,et al.Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from feces of newborn baby and from Dongchimi[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2002,50(9):2531-2536.
[18]刘准.不同品种猪主要消化酶活性及相关基因mRNA表达的比较研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2010.
[19]陈彤,杨小燕,祁保民.猪增生性肠炎消化系统酶活性的变化[J].安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(2):267-270.
[20]蒋正宇,周岩民,王恬.单胃动物内源消化酶活性变化规律研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2005,26(6):85-93.
[21]翟玉洁,邓祖丽颖,姜军坡,等.枯草芽孢杆菌J-4菌株产抑菌物质发酵条件优化[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(2):131-135.
[22]曹丽萍,李万坤,陈燕军,等.抗生素饲料添加剂在动物生产中的规范应用[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(1):105-110.