牛舍有害气体排放规律及减除措施研究进展
|
摘要
环境控制是肉牛集约化规模化养殖成败的关键因素之一。肉牛场有害气体直接影响肉牛的健康状况和生产水平。本文综述了肉牛场气体状况,如氨气、硫化氢、二氧化碳、甲烷以及臭气等产生的原因及其超过卫生学限值后对肉牛健康和生产的危害。对影响牛舍有害气体变化和分布的环境因素,如牛舍建筑形式、季节、清粪方式以及牛舍温度的日变化和空间变化等方面的研究进展进行了回顾,同时对减除肉牛舍有害气体的措施进行了归纳。
Environment control is one of key factors that decide the benefits of large scale cattle farming. Harmful gases influence the health and production performance of cattle in farm. The cause of high level of harmful gases including ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, methane and odor in cattle farm and its negative effects on the cattle were reviewed. The paper also outlined the factors which affected the distribution and change regularity of the harmful gas in the cattle house, such as house style, season, manure cleaning method, the daily temperature change and different place in the house. In the meantime, the paper sumed up the measures of reducing the harmful gases in the cattle house.
Environment control is one of key factors that decide the benefits of large scale cattle farming. Harmful gases influence the health and production performance of cattle in farm. The cause of high level of harmful gases including ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, methane and odor in cattle farm and its negative effects on the cattle were reviewed. The paper also outlined the factors which affected the distribution and change regularity of the harmful gas in the cattle house, such as house style, season, manure cleaning method, the daily temperature change and different place in the house. In the meantime, the paper sumed up the measures of reducing the harmful gases in the cattle house.
引文
[1] VRANKEN E,CLAES S,HENDRIKS J,et al.Intermittent measurements to determine ammonia emissions from livestock buildings[J].Biosystems Engineering,2004,88(3):351-358.
[2] DEMMERS T G M,PHILLIPS V R,SHORT L S,et al.SE-Structure and Environment:Validation of Ventilation Rate Measurement Methods and the Ammonia Emission from Naturally Ventilated Dairy and Beef Buildings in the United Kingdom[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,2001,79(1):107-116.
[3] HRISTOV A N,HANIGAN M,COLE A,et al.Review:Ammonia emissions from dairy farms and beef feedlots[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2011,91(1):1-35.
[4] 李保明,施正香,G Zhang,等.丹麦舍饲散养自然通风奶牛舍的空气环境分析[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(5):231-236.
[5] ZHANG G,STROM J S,LI B,et al.Emission of ammonia and other contaminant gases from naturally ventilated dairy cattle buildings[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,92(3):355-364.
[6] WELFARE (AHAW).Scientific Opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and the welfare in intensive calf farming systems[J].Efsa Journal,2012,10(5):2 669
[7] 张心壮,孟庆翔,李德勇,等.国内外肉牛福利及其研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2012,39(4):215-220.
[8] 王米,孟新宇,赵枝新,等.氨气对畜禽养殖业的危害及防治措施[J].饲料博览,2006(7):38-41.
[9] BEKER A,VANHOOSER S L,SWARTZLANDER J H,et al.Atmospheric ammonia concentration effects on broiler growth and performance[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2004,13(1):5-9.
[10] 张凌燕,喻敏,袁玉新,等.牛眼结膜炎的防治[J].畜禽业,2012(4):76-77.
[11] 李传普.樟科、丝兰属植物提取物对仔猪排泄物中氨和硫化氢的影响及其机理探讨[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[12] 孙建忠.畜禽圈舍有害气体对畜禽及环境的危害[J].畜禽业,2015(1):36-37.
[13] JOHNSON K A,JOHNSON D E.Methane emissions from cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(8):2 483-2 492.
[14] 冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[15] KEBREAB E,JOHNSON K A,ARCHIBEQUE S L,et al.Model for estimating enteric methane emissions from United States dairy and feedlot cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(10):2 738-2 748.
[16] 冯仰廉,李胜利,赵广永,等.牛甲烷排放量的估测[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(1):1-7.
[17] 李建国,曹玉凤.肉牛标准化生产技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:275-297.
[18] 张光圣,高宏伟,牛淑玲,等.封闭式肉牛舍的季节温度变化及对增重性能的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2002,27(5):41-44.
[19] NGWABIE N M,VANDERZAAG A,JAYASUNDARA S,et al.Measurements of emission factors from a naturally ventilated commercial barn for dairy cows in a cold climate[J].Biosystems Engineering,2014,127:103-114.
[20] WU W,ZHANG G,KAI P.Ammonia and methane emissions from two naturally ventilated dairy cattle buildings and the influence of climatic factors on ammonia emissions[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,61(12):232-243.
[21] NGWABIE N M,JEPPSSON K H,GUSTAFSSON G,et al.Effects of animal activity and air temperature on methane and ammonia emissions from a naturally ventilated building for dairy cows[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(37):6 760-6 768.
[22] RHOADES M B,PARKER D B,COLE N A,et al.Continuous ammonia emission measurements from a commercial beef feedyard in Texas[J].2010,53(6):1 823-1 831.
[23] FIEDLER A M,MüULLER H J.Emissions of ammonia and methane from a livestock building natural cross ventilation[J].Meteorologische Zeitschrift,2011,20(1):59-65.
[24] 仲庆振,周海柱,纪术远,等.夏季不同类型牛舍内环境的比较研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2010(23):73-74.
[25] 马娟,张杰,郭忠羽,等.新疆几种典型肉牛舍冬季舍内环境影响因素研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(15):8-14.
[26] TODD R W,COLE N A,RHOADES M B,et al.Daily,monthly,seasonal,and annual ammonia emissions from Southern High Plains cattle feedyards.[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2011,40(40):1 090-1 095.
[27] 徐硕烁,王美芝,郭霏,等.甘肃省张掖市冬季肉牛舍环境状况调查与分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,(11):60-63.
[28] 梅玮,祁巨中,刘英玉,等.新疆北疆地区某集约化肉牛养殖场春季环境指标评价[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(7):1 738-1 746.
[29] 牛欢,张政,颜培实.冬季机械清粪牛舍与人工清粪牛舍空气环境分析[J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(6):26-31.
[30] 高玉红,孙新胜,曹玉凤,等.密闭肉牛舍冬季有害气体的日变化和垂直分布规律研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(11):143-146.
[31] 李文春,李松柏.复合微生态制剂对育肥猪生产性能的实验研究[J].畜禽业,2006(17):11-12.
[32] 江波涛,李莉,郭春晖.北方地区肉牛舍内有害气体控制技术的研究[J].中国畜禽种业,2010,6(12):76-77.
[33] 候良忠,张小飞,邵伟,等.夏季牛舍中吸附剂XF-4对CO2、CH4、NH3和H2S的吸附探究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(19):17-21.
[34] 龚飞飞,孙斌,张宝刚,等.吸附剂GY-1对牛舍内NH3吸附性能的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2013,36(1):7-11.
[35] 梁国旗,王旭平,王现盟,等.樟科、丝兰属植物提取物对仔猪排泄物中氨和硫化氢散发的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(13):22-26.
[36] M XU,M RINKER,KR MCLEOD,DL HARMON.Yucca schidigera extract decreases in vitro methane production in a variety of forages and diets[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,2010,159(1):18-26.
[37] WANG S P.Influences of flavomycin,ropadiar and saponin on nutrent digestibility,rumen fermentation and methane emission from sheep[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,2009,148(2/4):157-166.
[38] LIU C L,LI Z Q.Effect of Levels of Yucca Schidigera Extract on Ruminal Fermentation Parameters,Digestibility of Nutrients and Growth Performance in Sheep[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,343-344:655-660.
[39] 欧阳宏飞,郭金梁,郑春霞,等.控制通风和日粮中添加丝兰宝对改善羊舍空气质量效果的研究[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(2):62-66.
[2] DEMMERS T G M,PHILLIPS V R,SHORT L S,et al.SE-Structure and Environment:Validation of Ventilation Rate Measurement Methods and the Ammonia Emission from Naturally Ventilated Dairy and Beef Buildings in the United Kingdom[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,2001,79(1):107-116.
[3] HRISTOV A N,HANIGAN M,COLE A,et al.Review:Ammonia emissions from dairy farms and beef feedlots[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2011,91(1):1-35.
[4] 李保明,施正香,G Zhang,等.丹麦舍饲散养自然通风奶牛舍的空气环境分析[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(5):231-236.
[5] ZHANG G,STROM J S,LI B,et al.Emission of ammonia and other contaminant gases from naturally ventilated dairy cattle buildings[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,92(3):355-364.
[6] WELFARE (AHAW).Scientific Opinion on the welfare of cattle kept for beef production and the welfare in intensive calf farming systems[J].Efsa Journal,2012,10(5):2 669
[7] 张心壮,孟庆翔,李德勇,等.国内外肉牛福利及其研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2012,39(4):215-220.
[8] 王米,孟新宇,赵枝新,等.氨气对畜禽养殖业的危害及防治措施[J].饲料博览,2006(7):38-41.
[9] BEKER A,VANHOOSER S L,SWARTZLANDER J H,et al.Atmospheric ammonia concentration effects on broiler growth and performance[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2004,13(1):5-9.
[10] 张凌燕,喻敏,袁玉新,等.牛眼结膜炎的防治[J].畜禽业,2012(4):76-77.
[11] 李传普.樟科、丝兰属植物提取物对仔猪排泄物中氨和硫化氢的影响及其机理探讨[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[12] 孙建忠.畜禽圈舍有害气体对畜禽及环境的危害[J].畜禽业,2015(1):36-37.
[13] JOHNSON K A,JOHNSON D E.Methane emissions from cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(8):2 483-2 492.
[14] 冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[15] KEBREAB E,JOHNSON K A,ARCHIBEQUE S L,et al.Model for estimating enteric methane emissions from United States dairy and feedlot cattle[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(10):2 738-2 748.
[16] 冯仰廉,李胜利,赵广永,等.牛甲烷排放量的估测[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(1):1-7.
[17] 李建国,曹玉凤.肉牛标准化生产技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003:275-297.
[18] 张光圣,高宏伟,牛淑玲,等.封闭式肉牛舍的季节温度变化及对增重性能的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2002,27(5):41-44.
[19] NGWABIE N M,VANDERZAAG A,JAYASUNDARA S,et al.Measurements of emission factors from a naturally ventilated commercial barn for dairy cows in a cold climate[J].Biosystems Engineering,2014,127:103-114.
[20] WU W,ZHANG G,KAI P.Ammonia and methane emissions from two naturally ventilated dairy cattle buildings and the influence of climatic factors on ammonia emissions[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,61(12):232-243.
[21] NGWABIE N M,JEPPSSON K H,GUSTAFSSON G,et al.Effects of animal activity and air temperature on methane and ammonia emissions from a naturally ventilated building for dairy cows[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(37):6 760-6 768.
[22] RHOADES M B,PARKER D B,COLE N A,et al.Continuous ammonia emission measurements from a commercial beef feedyard in Texas[J].2010,53(6):1 823-1 831.
[23] FIEDLER A M,MüULLER H J.Emissions of ammonia and methane from a livestock building natural cross ventilation[J].Meteorologische Zeitschrift,2011,20(1):59-65.
[24] 仲庆振,周海柱,纪术远,等.夏季不同类型牛舍内环境的比较研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2010(23):73-74.
[25] 马娟,张杰,郭忠羽,等.新疆几种典型肉牛舍冬季舍内环境影响因素研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(15):8-14.
[26] TODD R W,COLE N A,RHOADES M B,et al.Daily,monthly,seasonal,and annual ammonia emissions from Southern High Plains cattle feedyards.[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2011,40(40):1 090-1 095.
[27] 徐硕烁,王美芝,郭霏,等.甘肃省张掖市冬季肉牛舍环境状况调查与分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,(11):60-63.
[28] 梅玮,祁巨中,刘英玉,等.新疆北疆地区某集约化肉牛养殖场春季环境指标评价[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(7):1 738-1 746.
[29] 牛欢,张政,颜培实.冬季机械清粪牛舍与人工清粪牛舍空气环境分析[J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(6):26-31.
[30] 高玉红,孙新胜,曹玉凤,等.密闭肉牛舍冬季有害气体的日变化和垂直分布规律研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(11):143-146.
[31] 李文春,李松柏.复合微生态制剂对育肥猪生产性能的实验研究[J].畜禽业,2006(17):11-12.
[32] 江波涛,李莉,郭春晖.北方地区肉牛舍内有害气体控制技术的研究[J].中国畜禽种业,2010,6(12):76-77.
[33] 候良忠,张小飞,邵伟,等.夏季牛舍中吸附剂XF-4对CO2、CH4、NH3和H2S的吸附探究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016(19):17-21.
[34] 龚飞飞,孙斌,张宝刚,等.吸附剂GY-1对牛舍内NH3吸附性能的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2013,36(1):7-11.
[35] 梁国旗,王旭平,王现盟,等.樟科、丝兰属植物提取物对仔猪排泄物中氨和硫化氢散发的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(13):22-26.
[36] M XU,M RINKER,KR MCLEOD,DL HARMON.Yucca schidigera extract decreases in vitro methane production in a variety of forages and diets[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,2010,159(1):18-26.
[37] WANG S P.Influences of flavomycin,ropadiar and saponin on nutrent digestibility,rumen fermentation and methane emission from sheep[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,2009,148(2/4):157-166.
[38] LIU C L,LI Z Q.Effect of Levels of Yucca Schidigera Extract on Ruminal Fermentation Parameters,Digestibility of Nutrients and Growth Performance in Sheep[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,343-344:655-660.
[39] 欧阳宏飞,郭金梁,郑春霞,等.控制通风和日粮中添加丝兰宝对改善羊舍空气质量效果的研究[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(2):62-66.