两阶段频率和电压协调校正方法
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摘要
该文提出了利用模型预测控制(modelpredictive control,MPC)进行频率和电压协调校正的方法,以应对大规模直流馈入受端系统频率和电压失稳交织问题。在故障下利用模型仿真预测频率电压响应,同时利用数值法和直接法进行轨迹灵敏度的计算,基于轨迹灵敏度建立协调滚动优化模型,并将控制量反馈回电网,形成闭环控制。提出了两阶段频率和电压协调校正方法,在第一阶段投入辅助决策,在第二阶段利用基于MPC的协调校正,通过闭环控制增加控制量直至频率和电压恢复至稳定运行水平。利用实际系统仿真数据对所提方法进行了测试。结果表明,基于MPC的协调校正方法能够通过对灵敏控制集的切负荷控制使频率和电压协调恢复至稳定运行水平。两阶段校正方法利用辅助决策快速投入加快了恢复速度,利用基于MPC的闭环控制有效的使频率和电压恢复至稳定运行水平。
A coordinated correction method of frequency and voltage utilizing Model Predictive Control(MPC) is proposed, to cope with the coincidence of voltage and frequency instability in receiving-end power systems with massive High Voltage Direct Current(HVDC) infeeds. Model simulation is used to predict frequency and voltage responses under contingencies. Trajectory sensitivities are calculated comprehensively utilizing numerical and direct methods. A coordinated receding horizontal optimization model is established based on the trajectory sensitivities. Controls are fed back to power system to form a closed-loop control. A two-stage frequency and voltage coordinated correction method is proposed. Designed remedial actions from lookup table are applied in the first stage. The coordinated correction based on MPC is applied in the second stage, adding control actions through closed-loop control until frequency and voltage are fully recovered. Real power system simulation data are used to test the proposed methods. The coordinated correction method based on MPC is able to recover frequency and voltage to operation state, through load shedding of sensitive control set. The two-stage correction method is able to accelerate recovery through application of the designed remedial actions. It then effectively recovers frequency and voltage to operation state through the closed-loop control.
A coordinated correction method of frequency and voltage utilizing Model Predictive Control(MPC) is proposed, to cope with the coincidence of voltage and frequency instability in receiving-end power systems with massive High Voltage Direct Current(HVDC) infeeds. Model simulation is used to predict frequency and voltage responses under contingencies. Trajectory sensitivities are calculated comprehensively utilizing numerical and direct methods. A coordinated receding horizontal optimization model is established based on the trajectory sensitivities. Controls are fed back to power system to form a closed-loop control. A two-stage frequency and voltage coordinated correction method is proposed. Designed remedial actions from lookup table are applied in the first stage. The coordinated correction based on MPC is applied in the second stage, adding control actions through closed-loop control until frequency and voltage are fully recovered. Real power system simulation data are used to test the proposed methods. The coordinated correction method based on MPC is able to recover frequency and voltage to operation state, through load shedding of sensitive control set. The two-stage correction method is able to accelerate recovery through application of the designed remedial actions. It then effectively recovers frequency and voltage to operation state through the closed-loop control.
引文
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[19]宋新立,陈英时,王成山,等.全过程动态仿真中大型线性方程组的分块求解算法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(4):19-24.Song Xinli,Chen Yingshi,Wang Chengshan,et al.An algorithm of large linear equations based on block matrix for whole process dynamic simulations[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(4):19-24(in Chinese).
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[2]张执超,王增平,方攀宇.基于频率和电压稳定的紧急控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(3):149-155.Zhang Zhichao,Wang Zengping,Fang Panyu.Emergency control strategy based on frequency and voltage stability[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(3):149-155(in Chinese).
[3]李顺,廖清芬,刘涤尘,等.计及电压稳定的自适应协调低频减载策略[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(12):157-163.Li Shun,Liao Qingfen,Liu Dichen,et al.Adaptive coordinated low frequency load shedding strategy considering voltage stability[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(12):157-163(in Chinese).
[4]Qin S J,Badgwell T A.A survey of industrial model predictive control technology[J].Control Engineering Practice,2003,11(7):733-764.
[5]张芳,郭灿灿,李传栋.在线滚动的单步电压控制优化模型[J].电网技术,2016,40(12):3849-3857.Zhang Fang,Guo Cancan,Li Chuandong.Online rolling single-step voltage control optimization model[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(12):3849-3857(in Chinese).
[6]黄义隆,谢敏,刘明波.基于修正轨迹灵敏度的模型预测长期电压稳定控制[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(3):28-33.Huang Yilong,Xie Min,Liu Mingbo.Model predictive control for long-term voltage stability based on corrected trajectory sensitivities[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(3):28-33(in Chinese).
[7]Yassami H,Rabiee A,Jalilvand A,et al.Model predictive control scheme for coordinated voltage control of power systems at the presence of volatile wind power generation[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2018,12(8):1922-1928.
[8]徐峰达,郭庆来,孙宏斌,等.基于模型预测控制理论的风电场自动电压控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(7):59-67.Xu Fengda,Guo Qinglai,Sun Hongbin,et al.Automatic voltage control of wind farms based on model predictive control theory[J].Atumation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(7):59-67(in Chinese).
[9]Tang L,Mccalley J.Two-Stage load control for severe underfrequency conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(3):1943-1953.
[10]周念成,付鹏武,王强钢,等.基于模型预测控制的两区域互联电网AGC系统研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(22):46-51.Zhou Niancheng,Fu Pengwu,Wang Qianggang,et al.Research on AGC of two area interconnected power system based on MPC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(22):46-51(in Chinese).
[11]韩民晓,翟冬玲,唐晓骏.连接低惯量系统的柔性直流输电模型预测控制[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(22):198-206.Han Minxiao,Zhai Dongling,Tang Xiaojun.Model predictive control of voltage source converter-HVDC connected to low inertia system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(22):198-206(in Chinese).
[12]张靖,李博文,余珮嘉,等.基于状态空间的双馈风力发电机模型预测控制[J].电网技术,2017,41(9):2904-2909.Zhang Jing,Li Bowen,Yu Peijia,et al.Model prediction control based on state space for doubly-fed induction generator[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(9):2904-2909(in Chinese).
[13]刘水平,刘明波,谢敏.基于轨迹灵敏度的电力系统模型预测切负荷控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(34):28-35.Liu Shuiping,Liu Mingbo,Xie Min.Model predictive control method for load shedding of power systems based on trajectory sensitivities[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(34):28-35(in Chinese).
[14]许鹏飞,宋墩文,马世英,等.全过程电压稳定故障筛选和排序方法及辅助决策[J].电网技术,2018,42(1):262-268.Xu Pengfei,Song Dunwen,Ma Shiying,et al.Full-dynamic voltage stability contingency screening and ranking method and control strategy[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(1):262-268(in Chinese).
[15]Heniche A,Kamwa I,Dobrescu M.Hydro-Québec's defense plan:Present and future[C]//proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Power&Energy Society General Meeting.USA:IEEE,2013:1-5.
[16]Wang Y,Pordanjani I R,Xu W.An event-driven demand response scheme for power system security enhancement[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2011,2(1):23-29.
[17]Hiskens I A,Pai M A.Power system applications of trajectory sensitivities[C]//proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting.USA:IEEE,2002:1200-1205.
[18]胡扬宇,吕天光,褚双伟,等.基于准稳态仿真的电压稳定轨迹灵敏度分析方法[J].电网技术,2012,36(6):157-162.Hu Yangyu,Lv Tianguang,Chu Shuangwei,et al.A method to analyze trajectory sensitivity of voltage stability based on quasi-steady state simulation[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(6):157-162(in Chinese).
[19]宋新立,陈英时,王成山,等.全过程动态仿真中大型线性方程组的分块求解算法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(4):19-24.Song Xinli,Chen Yingshi,Wang Chengshan,et al.An algorithm of large linear equations based on block matrix for whole process dynamic simulations[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(4):19-24(in Chinese).
[20]Kawajir Y,Laird C,Vigerske S,et al.Introduction to Ipopt:a tutorial for downloading,installing,and using Ipopt[EB/OL].[2018-07-11].https://projects.coin-or.org/Ipopt.