美国NCCAOM针灸及中医执业资格及考试体系解读
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摘要
依据美国国家针灸及中医(东方医学)资格审议委员会官网最新资料,对美国中医针灸执业资格及考试体系进行了全面介绍,其中涉及了执业资格证书的三种类别、申请者需要满足的四种学历资质、必须完成的理论和实践课程及课时数、资格维持与继续教育以及五门必考科目的考试方式等内容。还就美国国家针灸及中医(东方医学)资格审议委员会体系中的师承制、第三方学历认证、考务委托、常态化机考以及职业道德和医学伦理等对我国中医针灸教育和执业的启示进行了探讨。
Based on the information on the official website of National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine(NCCAOM)in the United States,the authors make an overall introduction to the certification and examination system of American diplomates of acupuncture(Oriental Medicine).It includes three categories of diplomates,four educational approaches of applicants' eligibility,the required courses of theory and clinical practice,continuing education and re-certification,the required five examinations and testing methods as well.In addition,this paper also discusses the inspiration on the education and medical practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine and acupuncture in China by American NCCAOM system in the aspect of apprenticeship,the third-party authentication of educational certificates,authorizing of examination,all-year-round examination arrangement,and professionalism and medical ethics.
Based on the information on the official website of National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine(NCCAOM)in the United States,the authors make an overall introduction to the certification and examination system of American diplomates of acupuncture(Oriental Medicine).It includes three categories of diplomates,four educational approaches of applicants' eligibility,the required courses of theory and clinical practice,continuing education and re-certification,the required five examinations and testing methods as well.In addition,this paper also discusses the inspiration on the education and medical practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine and acupuncture in China by American NCCAOM system in the aspect of apprenticeship,the third-party authentication of educational certificates,authorizing of examination,all-year-round examination arrangement,and professionalism and medical ethics.
引文
[1] National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.About NCCAOM[EB/OL].(2017-01-01)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/about-us/.
[2] National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.Wyoming Passes First Acupuncture Law:47th State Regulate The Practice of Acupuncture[EB/OL].(2017-03-29)[2018-01-16].http://www.nccaom.org/blog/2017/03/29/wyoming-practice-act/.
[3] National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.States Using NCCAOM Certification or Exams[EB/OL].(2016-07-01)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/States%20using%20NCCAOM%20Certification%20or%20Exams.pdf.
[4] National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.Apprenticeship[EB/OL].(2017-03-15)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/eligibility-to-sit-for-examinations/.
[5] National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.Apprenticeship Route FAQ[EB/OL].(2017-03-15)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Apprenticeship%20Route%20Q%20and%20A.pdf.
[6] 田开宇.美国针灸师资格认证必考之洁针技术考试[J].中国针灸,2011,31(12):1124-1126.
[7] 顾敏珏,杨贵珍,缪珠雷,等.美国NCCAOM针灸认证考试之生物医学模块详解[J].中医教育,2014,33(3):67-70.
[8] 田开宇,郑贵珍,林永青,等.美国针灸与东方医学资格审议委员会中医针灸资格认证必考之中医学基础详解[J].国际中医中药杂志,2016,38(8):684-686.
[9] 田开宇,饶 洪,林永青,等.美国NCCAOM中医针灸师资格认证必考之“针灸及腧穴定位”[J].中国针灸,2017,37(3):317-320.
[10]田开宇,陈 强,吕勤博.美国NCCAOM东方医学师、中药师资格证必考之中药学考试分析[J].中医药导报,2017,22(17):5-8.
[11]National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.Examination Preparation[EB/OL].(2017-03-15)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/examination-process-details/?epd=3.
[12]National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.Acupuncture Study Guide[EB/OL].(2016-04-15)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Acupuncture%20Study%20Guide.pdf.
[13]National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.State Licensure Requirements Interactive Map[EB/OL].(2017-01-01)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/state-licensure/.
[14]田开宇,田韵仪,李素素,等.美国NCCAOM针灸及中医师资格再认证与继续教育[J].中国针灸,2017,37(5):537-540.
[15]田开宇,田韵仪,王唯一,等.美国NCCAOM认证中医针灸师执业安全及道德规范的介绍[J].医学与哲学,2017,38(1A):33-34.
[16]National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.Helpful Links[EB/OL].(2017-01-01)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/diplomates/diplomate-resources/.
[17]世界中医药学会联合会.国际中医药资格(水平)考试简介[EB/OL].(2012-08-01)[2018-01-16].http://www.wfcms.org/department/mainCon.jsp?departid=5&titleid=46&id=3600.
[18]世界针灸学会联合会.世界针灸学会联合会针灸资格(水平)考试委员会资格(水平)考试公告[EB/OL].[2018-01-16].http://www.wfas.org.cn/home/exam/exam_guide.html.
[2] National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.Wyoming Passes First Acupuncture Law:47th State Regulate The Practice of Acupuncture[EB/OL].(2017-03-29)[2018-01-16].http://www.nccaom.org/blog/2017/03/29/wyoming-practice-act/.
[3] National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.States Using NCCAOM Certification or Exams[EB/OL].(2016-07-01)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/States%20using%20NCCAOM%20Certification%20or%20Exams.pdf.
[4] National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.Apprenticeship[EB/OL].(2017-03-15)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/eligibility-to-sit-for-examinations/.
[5] National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.Apprenticeship Route FAQ[EB/OL].(2017-03-15)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Apprenticeship%20Route%20Q%20and%20A.pdf.
[6] 田开宇.美国针灸师资格认证必考之洁针技术考试[J].中国针灸,2011,31(12):1124-1126.
[7] 顾敏珏,杨贵珍,缪珠雷,等.美国NCCAOM针灸认证考试之生物医学模块详解[J].中医教育,2014,33(3):67-70.
[8] 田开宇,郑贵珍,林永青,等.美国针灸与东方医学资格审议委员会中医针灸资格认证必考之中医学基础详解[J].国际中医中药杂志,2016,38(8):684-686.
[9] 田开宇,饶 洪,林永青,等.美国NCCAOM中医针灸师资格认证必考之“针灸及腧穴定位”[J].中国针灸,2017,37(3):317-320.
[10]田开宇,陈 强,吕勤博.美国NCCAOM东方医学师、中药师资格证必考之中药学考试分析[J].中医药导报,2017,22(17):5-8.
[11]National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.Examination Preparation[EB/OL].(2017-03-15)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/examination-process-details/?epd=3.
[12]National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.Acupuncture Study Guide[EB/OL].(2016-04-15)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/Acupuncture%20Study%20Guide.pdf.
[13]National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.State Licensure Requirements Interactive Map[EB/OL].(2017-01-01)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/state-licensure/.
[14]田开宇,田韵仪,李素素,等.美国NCCAOM针灸及中医师资格再认证与继续教育[J].中国针灸,2017,37(5):537-540.
[15]田开宇,田韵仪,王唯一,等.美国NCCAOM认证中医针灸师执业安全及道德规范的介绍[J].医学与哲学,2017,38(1A):33-34.
[16]National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.Helpful Links[EB/OL].(2017-01-01)[2017-04-10].http://www.nccaom.org/diplomates/diplomate-resources/.
[17]世界中医药学会联合会.国际中医药资格(水平)考试简介[EB/OL].(2012-08-01)[2018-01-16].http://www.wfcms.org/department/mainCon.jsp?departid=5&titleid=46&id=3600.
[18]世界针灸学会联合会.世界针灸学会联合会针灸资格(水平)考试委员会资格(水平)考试公告[EB/OL].[2018-01-16].http://www.wfas.org.cn/home/exam/exam_guide.html.