关于广西的甘蔗育种
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摘要
广西的蔗糖产量占全国食糖总产量60%以上,甘蔗品种选育是广西糖业可持续发展的基础。广西的甘蔗育种曾有辉煌历史,近年也已取得了突破性进展,自育甘蔗良种已在生产上占主导,取代了已推广近20年的主栽品种新台糖22号。广西甘蔗育种的目标,既要考虑目前以手工收获为主,选育蔗农喜欢的大茎易脱叶高产高糖甘蔗良种,又要着眼于500万亩"双高"糖料蔗基地和甘蔗生产全程机械化的需要,选育中茎直立抗倒、高产高糖、脱叶性好、抗逆性和宿根性强的适合机械化的优良甘蔗新品种。要加强引进国内外甘蔗品种和种质资源,加强广西割手密、斑茅和河八王与甘蔗品种的杂交与回交选育,加强甘蔗杂交技术研究,强化种质创新;继续开展甘蔗基因克隆和转基因育种,开展应用基因编辑技术育种;开展重离子加速器辐射诱变育种;开展杂交后代的抗病性、抗旱性、氮磷养分高效利用特性等评价,特别注重甘蔗品种的宿根性,把宿根年限延长到4年以上,以便有效降低甘蔗生产成本。
The cane sugar produced in Guangxi occupies more than 60% of the total sugar production in China,and sugarcane cultivar breeding is the foundation of the sustainable development of Guangxi sugar industry. Guangxi sugarcane breeding has a bright history,and has also made a breakthrough in recent years. The new sugarcane cultivars bred in Guangxi have been applied in most sugarcane planting areas,which replaced the former main cultivar ROC22. The objectives of sugarcane breeding in Guangxi include both,one is to breed the elite cultivars good for hand harvest that the farmers prefers,with thick stalk,automatic detachment,high yield and high sugar,the other is to breed those good for machine operation serving for the newly developed 33.3-million hectares of "double high"(high yield and high sugar)sugarcane production bases,which are characterized by intermedium,erect and lodge-resistant stalk,high yield,high sugar,easy detachment,strong resistance and strong ratoon ability. It is necessary to pay more attention to introduce sugarcane varieties and germplasm from home and oversea,to strengthen the utilization of local wild germplasm collections of Saccharum spontaneum,Erienthus arundinaceus and Narenga porphyrocoma by crossing and backcrossing them with sugarcane cultivars,to improve the crossing techniques and germplasm innovation,to continue research on gene cloning and breeding with gene transformation and gene editing technologies,to start breeding by radiation mutagenesis with heavy ion accelerator,to pay high attention to evaluation on the disease resistance,drought resistance and efficiencies to utilize nitrogen and phosphorus,to stress on selecting the ratoon ability of sugarcane cultivars to realize 4 or more ratoons in order to decrease the cost of sugarcane production.
The cane sugar produced in Guangxi occupies more than 60% of the total sugar production in China,and sugarcane cultivar breeding is the foundation of the sustainable development of Guangxi sugar industry. Guangxi sugarcane breeding has a bright history,and has also made a breakthrough in recent years. The new sugarcane cultivars bred in Guangxi have been applied in most sugarcane planting areas,which replaced the former main cultivar ROC22. The objectives of sugarcane breeding in Guangxi include both,one is to breed the elite cultivars good for hand harvest that the farmers prefers,with thick stalk,automatic detachment,high yield and high sugar,the other is to breed those good for machine operation serving for the newly developed 33.3-million hectares of "double high"(high yield and high sugar)sugarcane production bases,which are characterized by intermedium,erect and lodge-resistant stalk,high yield,high sugar,easy detachment,strong resistance and strong ratoon ability. It is necessary to pay more attention to introduce sugarcane varieties and germplasm from home and oversea,to strengthen the utilization of local wild germplasm collections of Saccharum spontaneum,Erienthus arundinaceus and Narenga porphyrocoma by crossing and backcrossing them with sugarcane cultivars,to improve the crossing techniques and germplasm innovation,to continue research on gene cloning and breeding with gene transformation and gene editing technologies,to start breeding by radiation mutagenesis with heavy ion accelerator,to pay high attention to evaluation on the disease resistance,drought resistance and efficiencies to utilize nitrogen and phosphorus,to stress on selecting the ratoon ability of sugarcane cultivars to realize 4 or more ratoons in order to decrease the cost of sugarcane production.
引文
[1]李杨瑞,杨丽涛. 20世纪90年代以来我国甘蔗产业和科技的新发展.西南农业学报,2009,22(5):1469-1476.
[2]李杨瑞,杨丽涛,谭宏伟,等.广西甘蔗栽培技术的发展进步.南方农业学报,2014,45(10):1770-1775.
[3] Li Y R,Yang L T. Sugarcane agriculture and sugar industry in China. Sugar Tech,2015,17(1):1-8.
[4] Li Y R,Song X P,Wu J M,et al. Sugar industry and improved sugarcane farming technologies in China. Sugar Tech,2016,18(6):603-611.
[5]彭绍光.甘蔗育种学.北京:农业出版社,1990.
[6]李杨瑞.甘蔗育种学.北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[7]游建华.广西甘蔗引种的回顾与展望.甘蔗,1999,6(3):41-46.
[8]李杨瑞,杨丽涛,杨柳,等.巴西甘蔗糖业高效低耗的经验与启示.中国糖料,2015,37(4):73-76.
[9] Dunckelman PH,Legendre,BL. Guide to sugar cane breeding in the temperate zone. Vol. 22 of Agricultural Reviews and Manuals:ARM-S,Southern Series no. 22,USDA-ARS,New Orleans,La,USA,1982.
[10]刘昔辉,方锋学,高轶静,等.斑茅割手密杂种后代真实性鉴定及遗传分析.作物学报,2012,38(5):914-920.
[11]黄玉新,罗霆,刘昔辉,等.甘蔗与斑茅割手密复合体(GXAS07-6-1)杂交后代的染色体遗传分析.热带作物学报,2016,37(2):220-225.
[12]刘昔辉,张荣华,李海碧,等.甘蔗与河八王杂交后代染色体传递及河八王血缘在后代中的遗传.分子植物育种,2018,15(6):2307-2316.
[13]邓智年,魏源文,黄诚梅,等.融合杀虫基因对甘蔗的遗传转化.南方农业学报,2012,43(8):1079-1085.
[14]Li J,Phan T T,Li Y R,et al. Isolation,transformation and overexpression of sugarcane SoP5CS gene for drought tolerance improvement. Sugar Tech,2018,20(4):464-473.
[15]潘氏秋.甘蔗SoSnRK2.1和SoACLA-1基因的功能鉴定与分析.南宁:广西大学博士论文,2016.
[16]孙波.低温胁迫对甘蔗幼苗根系生长代谢的影响和相关基因α-tubulin的功能研究.南宁:广西大学博士论文,2016.
[17]王露蓉,黄婵,顾彩彩,等.转SoSUT 5基因甘蔗的生长特性.南方农业学报,2018,49(5):857-862.
[18]Li Y R,Yang L T. Research and development priorities for sugar industry of China:recent research highlights.Sugar Tech,2015,17(1):9-12.
[2]李杨瑞,杨丽涛,谭宏伟,等.广西甘蔗栽培技术的发展进步.南方农业学报,2014,45(10):1770-1775.
[3] Li Y R,Yang L T. Sugarcane agriculture and sugar industry in China. Sugar Tech,2015,17(1):1-8.
[4] Li Y R,Song X P,Wu J M,et al. Sugar industry and improved sugarcane farming technologies in China. Sugar Tech,2016,18(6):603-611.
[5]彭绍光.甘蔗育种学.北京:农业出版社,1990.
[6]李杨瑞.甘蔗育种学.北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[7]游建华.广西甘蔗引种的回顾与展望.甘蔗,1999,6(3):41-46.
[8]李杨瑞,杨丽涛,杨柳,等.巴西甘蔗糖业高效低耗的经验与启示.中国糖料,2015,37(4):73-76.
[9] Dunckelman PH,Legendre,BL. Guide to sugar cane breeding in the temperate zone. Vol. 22 of Agricultural Reviews and Manuals:ARM-S,Southern Series no. 22,USDA-ARS,New Orleans,La,USA,1982.
[10]刘昔辉,方锋学,高轶静,等.斑茅割手密杂种后代真实性鉴定及遗传分析.作物学报,2012,38(5):914-920.
[11]黄玉新,罗霆,刘昔辉,等.甘蔗与斑茅割手密复合体(GXAS07-6-1)杂交后代的染色体遗传分析.热带作物学报,2016,37(2):220-225.
[12]刘昔辉,张荣华,李海碧,等.甘蔗与河八王杂交后代染色体传递及河八王血缘在后代中的遗传.分子植物育种,2018,15(6):2307-2316.
[13]邓智年,魏源文,黄诚梅,等.融合杀虫基因对甘蔗的遗传转化.南方农业学报,2012,43(8):1079-1085.
[14]Li J,Phan T T,Li Y R,et al. Isolation,transformation and overexpression of sugarcane SoP5CS gene for drought tolerance improvement. Sugar Tech,2018,20(4):464-473.
[15]潘氏秋.甘蔗SoSnRK2.1和SoACLA-1基因的功能鉴定与分析.南宁:广西大学博士论文,2016.
[16]孙波.低温胁迫对甘蔗幼苗根系生长代谢的影响和相关基因α-tubulin的功能研究.南宁:广西大学博士论文,2016.
[17]王露蓉,黄婵,顾彩彩,等.转SoSUT 5基因甘蔗的生长特性.南方农业学报,2018,49(5):857-862.
[18]Li Y R,Yang L T. Research and development priorities for sugar industry of China:recent research highlights.Sugar Tech,2015,17(1):9-12.