青海省某贫困县小学生营养知识现状
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摘要
目的了解青海省某贫困县小学生营养知识知晓情况,为贫困地区小学生营养改善及营养知识宣传教育提供基础数据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取青海省国家级贫困县乐都区3所小学的三～六年级575名小学生。采用问卷调查的方式,收集学生基本信息和营养知识相关信息。结果学生各项营养知识知晓率为20. 4%～91. 1%,其中饮品的选择最高,为91. 1%,营养早餐的食物组成最低,为20. 4%。小学生营养知识得分平均(4. 85±2. 14)分,男女生营养知识得分差异无统计学意义(t=2. 6 000,P> 0. 05);三～五年级小学生,随着年级的升高得分升高,六年级则降低,差异有统计学意义(t=96. 1 381,P> 0. 05);汉族小学生高于少数民族小学生,差异有统计学意义(t=10. 5 953,P> 0. 05);县城小学高于乡镇小学和山区小学,差异有统计学意义(t=86. 3 078,P <0. 05)。结论青海省某贫困县小学生营养知识水平较低。应进行营养健康教育,提高贫困县小学生的营养知识水平。
Objective To assess the mastery of nutrition knowledge among primary school students in a poverty-stricken county in Qinghai Province,and to provide scientific basis for nutrition improvement and nutrition knowledge education for primary school students in poverty-stricken areas. Methods A random stratified clastering sampling method was employed to select 570 primary school students from 3 to 6 grades in 3 primary schools in Ledu District,a national poverty-stricken county in Qinghai Province. A self-designed questionnaire was conducted to collect the basic information about students and information about nutrition knowledge. Results The awareness rate of nutrition knowledge among students was from 20. 4% to 91. 1%. Among them,the awareness rate of choice of drinks was the highest( 91. 1%),and the food composition of nutritious breakfast was the lowest( 20. 4%). The average score of nutrition knowledge among the students was( 4. 85 ± 2. 14). The difference of scores of nutrition knowledge beyween male and female students was not statistically significant( t = 2. 6 000,P > 0. 05). The scores of students in grades 3 ～ 5 increased with their grades,and decreased at grade 6. The difference was statistically significant( t = 96. 1 381,P > 0. 05). Scores of students in Han primary school were higher than that of students in minority primary schools. The difference was statistically significant( t = 10. 5 953,P > 0. 05). Scores of students in county primary schools were higher than that of students in primary schools in townships and mountainous areas. The difference was statistically significant( t = 86. 3 078,P <0. 05). Conclusion The knowledge of nutrition among primary school students in a poverty-stricken county in Qinghai Province is poor. Education of nutrition and health should be carried out to improve the nutrition knowledge among primary school students in poverty-stricken counties.
Objective To assess the mastery of nutrition knowledge among primary school students in a poverty-stricken county in Qinghai Province,and to provide scientific basis for nutrition improvement and nutrition knowledge education for primary school students in poverty-stricken areas. Methods A random stratified clastering sampling method was employed to select 570 primary school students from 3 to 6 grades in 3 primary schools in Ledu District,a national poverty-stricken county in Qinghai Province. A self-designed questionnaire was conducted to collect the basic information about students and information about nutrition knowledge. Results The awareness rate of nutrition knowledge among students was from 20. 4% to 91. 1%. Among them,the awareness rate of choice of drinks was the highest( 91. 1%),and the food composition of nutritious breakfast was the lowest( 20. 4%). The average score of nutrition knowledge among the students was( 4. 85 ± 2. 14). The difference of scores of nutrition knowledge beyween male and female students was not statistically significant( t = 2. 6 000,P > 0. 05). The scores of students in grades 3 ～ 5 increased with their grades,and decreased at grade 6. The difference was statistically significant( t = 96. 1 381,P > 0. 05). Scores of students in Han primary school were higher than that of students in minority primary schools. The difference was statistically significant( t = 10. 5 953,P > 0. 05). Scores of students in county primary schools were higher than that of students in primary schools in townships and mountainous areas. The difference was statistically significant( t = 86. 3 078,P <0. 05). Conclusion The knowledge of nutrition among primary school students in a poverty-stricken county in Qinghai Province is poor. Education of nutrition and health should be carried out to improve the nutrition knowledge among primary school students in poverty-stricken counties.
引文
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[7]阿斯亚·阿西木,葩丽泽·买买提,祝宇铭,等.新疆贫困地区农村义务教育学生营养知识水平及行为状况调查[J].疾病预防控制通报,2016,31(5):37-39.
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[10]秦祖国,苏胜华,夏燕琼,等.广东省经济欠发达地区农村中小学生生长发育及营养状况调查[J].中国健康教育,2012,28(3):191-193.
[11]马福昌,周敏茹,星吉,等.青海省重点监测地区中小学生营养改善项目效果评价[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(11):1712-1714.
[12]王芸,袁媛,徐贵发.以学校为平台的儿童肥胖防控效果评价[J].中国卫生事业管理,2012,29(4):315-316.
[13]尤莉莉,刘璐,何欣玥,等.食育对改善农村小学生饮食相关健康素养的效果[J].中国健康教育,2017,33(6):487-491.
[2]孙静,娄晓民.营养改善计划对贫困地区中小学生营养知信行的影响[J].中国学校卫生,2015,35(4):597-599.
[3]胡小琪,徐海泉,李荔,等.中国贫困地区学生营养状况分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(12):1783-1785.
[4]段一凡,李艳平,鞠波,等.我国农村寄宿制学校学生营养知识现状分析[J].中国学校卫生,2010,31(9):1031-1032,1034.
[5]徐海泉,张倩,李荔,等.中国贫困地区学校健康教育课开设现状[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(12):1786-1787,1790.
[6]王绪刚.云南傈僳族学龄儿童营养健康教育干预效果分析与评价[D].昆明:昆明医学院,2005.
[7]阿斯亚·阿西木,葩丽泽·买买提,祝宇铭,等.新疆贫困地区农村义务教育学生营养知识水平及行为状况调查[J].疾病预防控制通报,2016,31(5):37-39.
[8]赵宏,李斌,刘燕,等.青海省藏区寄宿中小学生营养健康教育效果评价[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(5):784-786.
[9]徐海泉,张倩,甘倩,等.农村学生营养改善计划地区学生营养知识状况[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(5):666-668,672.
[10]秦祖国,苏胜华,夏燕琼,等.广东省经济欠发达地区农村中小学生生长发育及营养状况调查[J].中国健康教育,2012,28(3):191-193.
[11]马福昌,周敏茹,星吉,等.青海省重点监测地区中小学生营养改善项目效果评价[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(11):1712-1714.
[12]王芸,袁媛,徐贵发.以学校为平台的儿童肥胖防控效果评价[J].中国卫生事业管理,2012,29(4):315-316.
[13]尤莉莉,刘璐,何欣玥,等.食育对改善农村小学生饮食相关健康素养的效果[J].中国健康教育,2017,33(6):487-491.