基于实时监测数据的城镇窨井可燃气体泄漏特性分析
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摘要
为了研究城镇窨井气体泄漏的规律及其影响因素,从而为城市用气安全和工程实践提供指导,同时为气体泄漏事故的应急救援提供理论指导,依托合肥市城市生命线工程燃气管网相邻地下空间安全监测系统,对监测系统运行半年以来的监测数据进行了统计分析。结果表明:城镇燃气管道中燃气泄漏的概率与管道内气体压力呈正相关,而管压又与城市居民用气需求量呈正相关;一般用气高峰过后的1～2 h是最危险的时间段,此时最容易发生燃气泄漏;城镇窨井产生沼气的影响因素主要是温度和湿度等,尤其以温度为主,因此高温季节更容易诱发窨井内沼气的产生和积聚;通常发生燃气泄漏时甲烷体积分数较大,波动剧烈,而窨井自身产生沼气时甲烷体积分数较小且比较稳定,同时产生沼气时,沼气中的甲烷体积分数变化与温度变化趋势一致,据此可判断引发报警的可燃气体的种类;沼气组成成分除甲烷外,还有硫化氢和一氧化碳等气体成分,因此为了对城镇窨井内的报警气源做更准确的分析,需要辅助监测硫化氢、一氧化碳等有毒气体。
The purpose of this paper is to trace the influential factors and the regularity of the urban area inspection well gas leakage,so as to provide a theoretical guidance for the emergency rescue in case of gas leakage and ensure the gas-emission safety and engineering practice. Practically speaking,the paper has been prepared based on the safety monitoring system of the underground neighboring space lifeline application of Hefei( Anhui) in accordance with the analysis and monitoring data from the monitoring system since the first half of the year and the conclusions being done to guide the gas monitoring implementation.The results show that: the probability of the gas leakage in the urban gas pipelines is positively correlated with the gas pressure,while the pipe pressure is in turn positively correlated with the actual demands of the urban gas-users' consumption. Therefore,1-2 hours after the peak of the gas daily usage should be taken as the most dangerous period,which accounts for the most likely gas-leakage accidents. What is more,temperature and humidity,especially,the temperature,has to be taken as the chief factors influencing the occurrence of the marsh gas in the urban gasline inspection wells. Therefore,it should be easy to induce the production and accumulation of the marsh gas in the inspection well during the high-temperature junctures. In addition,when the gas leakage takes place,the methane volume fraction may turn to rise up and fluctuate violently, whereas the concentration of methane would be getting relatively minor and stable when the inspection well produces marsh gas itself. Furthermore,when the marsh gas comes out,the methane volume fraction in the marsh gas would keep changing consistently with the change of temperature,which may lead to the corresponding rise of the combustible gas. And,so,since marsh gas contains hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide plus methane,it is also of great importance to give timely auxiliary monitoring of the toxic gases,such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide so as to make a more accurate analysis of the urban gas control and monitoring alarm for such a kind of gaswell inspections.
The purpose of this paper is to trace the influential factors and the regularity of the urban area inspection well gas leakage,so as to provide a theoretical guidance for the emergency rescue in case of gas leakage and ensure the gas-emission safety and engineering practice. Practically speaking,the paper has been prepared based on the safety monitoring system of the underground neighboring space lifeline application of Hefei( Anhui) in accordance with the analysis and monitoring data from the monitoring system since the first half of the year and the conclusions being done to guide the gas monitoring implementation.The results show that: the probability of the gas leakage in the urban gas pipelines is positively correlated with the gas pressure,while the pipe pressure is in turn positively correlated with the actual demands of the urban gas-users' consumption. Therefore,1-2 hours after the peak of the gas daily usage should be taken as the most dangerous period,which accounts for the most likely gas-leakage accidents. What is more,temperature and humidity,especially,the temperature,has to be taken as the chief factors influencing the occurrence of the marsh gas in the urban gasline inspection wells. Therefore,it should be easy to induce the production and accumulation of the marsh gas in the inspection well during the high-temperature junctures. In addition,when the gas leakage takes place,the methane volume fraction may turn to rise up and fluctuate violently, whereas the concentration of methane would be getting relatively minor and stable when the inspection well produces marsh gas itself. Furthermore,when the marsh gas comes out,the methane volume fraction in the marsh gas would keep changing consistently with the change of temperature,which may lead to the corresponding rise of the combustible gas. And,so,since marsh gas contains hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide plus methane,it is also of great importance to give timely auxiliary monitoring of the toxic gases,such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide so as to make a more accurate analysis of the urban gas control and monitoring alarm for such a kind of gaswell inspections.
引文
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[13] SHANG Baofu(尚宝福). Comments and suggestions on leakage of cast iron gas pipeline network[J]. Urban Gas(城市燃气),1997(9):8-11.
[14] HAN Zhaohui(韩朝辉). Talking about the safety management of gas enterprises[J]. Shanghai Gas(上海煤气),2013(5):42-44.
[15] YUAN Hongyong(袁宏永),SU Guofeng(苏国锋),FU Ming(付明),et al. Research and application of cloudbased service platform for urban lifeline safety operation system[J]. Journal of Catastrophology(灾害学),2018,33(3):60-63.
[2] JIA Ailin(贾爱林). Progress and prospect of China's natural gas development technology[J]. Natural Gas Industry(天然气工业),2018,38(4):77-86.
[3] Gas explosion data analysis report for July 2017(2017年7月份燃气爆炸数据分析报告)[EB/OL].[2017-07-30]. http://www. sohu. com/a/161023932 648681.
[4] BRITO A J,ALMEIDA A T D. Multi-attribute risk assessment for risk ranking of natural gas pipelines[J]. Reliability Engineering&System Safety,2009,94(2):187-198.
[5] WANG Chunxue(王春雪),LUShuran(吕淑然). Study on disaster chain of urban gas pipeline leakage[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2016,12(5):16-21.
[6] YANG Zhenhong(杨振宏),WANG Can(王璨),HU Shijie(胡世杰). Research on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system of urban gas pipeline safety based on AHP[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2013,13(2):257-260.
[7] SUN Yunan(孙禹楠),WANG Yue(王岳). Study on dynamic leakage of gas pipeline[J]. Journal of Liaoning Shihua University(辽宁石油化工大学学报),2017,37(1):30-33.
[8] YANG Kai(杨凯),LUShuran(吕淑然),GAO Jiancun(高建村),et al. Research on multi-factor coupling disaster mechanism of urban gas pipeline leakage[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2018,18(2):576-582.
[9] SHU L,MUKHERJEE M,XU X L,et al. A survey on gas leakage source detection and boundary tracking with wireless sensor networks[J]. IEEE Access,2016,4:1700-1715.
[10] DU Yingying(杜莹莹). Principle,installation and routine maintenance of catalytic combustion type combustible gas detection alarm[J]. Modern Chemical Research(当代化工研究). 2017(5):51-52.
[11] BAO Liang(包亮),WANG Li’ao(王里奥),CHEN Meng(陈萌),et al. Design and application of municipal sewer combustible gas monitoring system based on wireless sensor network[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2009,9(6):120-124.
[12] VARMA A,PRABHAKAR S,JAYAVEL K. Gas leakage detection and smart alerting and prediction using Io T[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Computing and Communications Technologies. New York:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2017:327-333.
[13] SHANG Baofu(尚宝福). Comments and suggestions on leakage of cast iron gas pipeline network[J]. Urban Gas(城市燃气),1997(9):8-11.
[14] HAN Zhaohui(韩朝辉). Talking about the safety management of gas enterprises[J]. Shanghai Gas(上海煤气),2013(5):42-44.
[15] YUAN Hongyong(袁宏永),SU Guofeng(苏国锋),FU Ming(付明),et al. Research and application of cloudbased service platform for urban lifeline safety operation system[J]. Journal of Catastrophology(灾害学),2018,33(3):60-63.