施氮对盐碱土入渗及水盐运移的影响
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摘要
为研究施氮对盐碱土入渗及水盐运移的影响,选用含盐量为0.3%,0.9%,1.2%盐碱土与4种不同氮肥浓度(0,300,600,900mg/L)组合,进行室内一维垂直土柱积水入渗试验。结果表明:(1)施氮对盐碱土入渗具有减渗作用,同一施氮水平下,盐碱土的入渗性能随含盐量的升高而降低,脱盐深度也降低。(2)随着入渗时间的增加,下层根区土层的含水量均为不施氮时最大,此时土层保水性最好。(3)0.3%盐碱土上施氮较不施氮脱盐量大,施加氮肥对盐碱土脱盐有促进作用;而在0.9%和1.2%盐碱土上均为不施氮时脱盐量大,即施氮对盐碱土脱盐具有拮抗作用。研究结果为盐碱地土壤合理施氮提供了有效的机理性基础,为盐渍化地区的作物生长以及生态保护提供参考。
In order to study the effect of nitrogen application on the infiltration and water and salt transport in salt and alkali soil,the saline soil with salt content of 0.3%,0.9% and 1.2% and four different nitrogen concentrations(0,300,600,900mg/L)were combined as the treatments,and one dimensional vertical soil column infiltration experiment were carried out.The results showed that:(1)Nitrogen application reduced the infiltration of saline alkali soil.Under the same nitrogen application level,the infiltration capacity of saline alkali soil decreased with the increasing of salt content,and the desalting depth also decreased.(2)With the increase of infiltration time,the soil moisture of the lower root zone was the maximum when no nitrogen was applied,and the water retention of soil was the best at this time.(3)In the saline soil with salt content of 0.3%,the amount of desalination in the soil with nitrogen application was larger than that without nitrogen application,and the nitrogen application promoted the desalination of saline alkali soil;however in saline alkali soil with salt content of 0.9%and 1.2%,the amount of desalination was higher when there was no nitrogen application,which mean that nitrogen application had an antagonistic effect on the desalination of saline alkali soil.The research results provided an effective mechanism foundation for rational nitrogen application in saline alkali soil,and provided reference for crop growth and ecological protection in salinized area.
In order to study the effect of nitrogen application on the infiltration and water and salt transport in salt and alkali soil,the saline soil with salt content of 0.3%,0.9% and 1.2% and four different nitrogen concentrations(0,300,600,900mg/L)were combined as the treatments,and one dimensional vertical soil column infiltration experiment were carried out.The results showed that:(1)Nitrogen application reduced the infiltration of saline alkali soil.Under the same nitrogen application level,the infiltration capacity of saline alkali soil decreased with the increasing of salt content,and the desalting depth also decreased.(2)With the increase of infiltration time,the soil moisture of the lower root zone was the maximum when no nitrogen was applied,and the water retention of soil was the best at this time.(3)In the saline soil with salt content of 0.3%,the amount of desalination in the soil with nitrogen application was larger than that without nitrogen application,and the nitrogen application promoted the desalination of saline alkali soil;however in saline alkali soil with salt content of 0.9%and 1.2%,the amount of desalination was higher when there was no nitrogen application,which mean that nitrogen application had an antagonistic effect on the desalination of saline alkali soil.The research results provided an effective mechanism foundation for rational nitrogen application in saline alkali soil,and provided reference for crop growth and ecological protection in salinized area.
引文
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[14]吴忠东,王全九.入渗水矿化度对土壤入渗特征和离子迁移特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(7):64-69.
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[16]吴忠东,王全九.微咸水入渗水量对土壤水盐运移特征的影响[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(11):67-71.
[2] Danierhan S,Shalamu A,Tumaerbai H,et al.Effects of emitter discharge rates on soil salinity distribution and cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)yield under drip irrigation with plastic mulch in an arid region of Northwest China[J].Journal of Arid Land,2013,5(1):51-59.
[3]王玉珍,刘永信.盐碱地农业高效利用措施[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(20):4160-4162.
[4]伍黎芝,底艳.干旱区盐碱化土地整理工程实证研究:以陕西省蒲城县卤泊滩土地整理项目为例[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(增刊1):179-182.
[5]黄丽华,沈根祥,钱晓雍,等.滴灌施肥对农田土壤氮素利用和流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(7):49-53.
[6]栗铁申.我国氮肥施用现状、问题和对策[J].农民科技培训,2010(7):23-24.
[7] Peng S,Buresh R J,Huang J,et al.Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by site-specific N management[M].Berlin:Springer Netherlands,2011.
[8]巨晓棠,谷保静.我国农田氮肥施用现状、问题及趋势[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):783-795.
[9] Ju X T,Xing G X,Chen X P,et al.From the cover:Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2009,106(9):3041-3046.
[10]王继红,刘景双,赵兰坡.施肥对黑土耕层土壤水分下渗量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(1):115-118.
[11]吕殿青,王全九,王文焰,等.膜下滴灌水盐运移影响因素研究[J].土壤学报,2002,39(6):794-801.
[12]吕殿青,王全九,王文焰,等.膜下滴灌土壤盐分特性及影响因素的初步研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2001,20(1):28-31.
[13]张翼夫,李洪文,胡红,等.打孔灌沙促进漫灌下盐碱土水分下渗提高脱盐效果[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(6):76-83.
[14]吴忠东,王全九.入渗水矿化度对土壤入渗特征和离子迁移特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(7):64-69.
[15]汪志农.灌溉排水工程学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[16]吴忠东,王全九.微咸水入渗水量对土壤水盐运移特征的影响[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(11):67-71.