宽频时间尺度变换多速率电磁暂态仿真研究
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摘要
随着直流输电、FACTS以及规模化新能源发电等电力电子装置的接入,电力系统运行发生了重大变化。传统电磁暂态仿真由于步长小、速度慢,大规模交直流混联电网运行分析中不再适用。该文提出一种能够考虑多频率成分的宽频时间尺度变换方法实现电磁暂态的大步长仿真。结合CPU技术的最新发展,研究直流和交流系统在时间尺度变换中仿真步长的合理配置方案;通过对交流系统频率响应特点的分析,研究大步长仿真在宽频时间尺度变换下主导频率的选取问题,设计交直流混联系统宽频时间尺度变换多速率电磁暂态仿真策略;应用经验模态分解法按时–频特性分解和提取信号、计算多时间尺度变换的主导频率。该方法避免了频率相关网络等值(frequencydependentnetworkequivalent,FDNE)复杂的系统辨识、动态相量法无法处理系统频率波动,忽视系统谐振频率存在隐患等问题。仿真算例验证了方法和策略的可行性和有效性。
Since the traditional power grid is incorporated with power electronic devices, such as DC transmission, flexible AC transmission system(FACTS) and large-scale new energy power generation, significant changes have happened in power system operation. Due to the small simulation time step size, the traditional electromagnetic transient simulation(EMTS) is difficult to be applied in the analysis of large-scale AC-DC hybrid power system. Based on the method of time scale frame transformation(TSFT), this paper combined the latest developments in CPU technology to study the fast EMTS method with multi frequency component and design a novel frequency dependent time scale transformation(FDTSFT) multi-rate EMTS strategy for the AC-DC hybrid power system. With the analysis of the frequency response characteristics for AC system, the decided rule of shifted frequency for TSFT was studied, the resonance frequency was also included. Because the resonance frequency is not an integer harmonic frequency, instead of Fourier decomposition, the empirical mode decomposition(EMD) was applied to decompose the frequency component of the electrical quantities between the interface of the AC and DC part. The presented EMTS strategy based on FDTSFT can address the difficult issues in dynamic phasor and frequency dependent network equivalent(FDNE) method. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed strategy is verified by simulation examples.
Since the traditional power grid is incorporated with power electronic devices, such as DC transmission, flexible AC transmission system(FACTS) and large-scale new energy power generation, significant changes have happened in power system operation. Due to the small simulation time step size, the traditional electromagnetic transient simulation(EMTS) is difficult to be applied in the analysis of large-scale AC-DC hybrid power system. Based on the method of time scale frame transformation(TSFT), this paper combined the latest developments in CPU technology to study the fast EMTS method with multi frequency component and design a novel frequency dependent time scale transformation(FDTSFT) multi-rate EMTS strategy for the AC-DC hybrid power system. With the analysis of the frequency response characteristics for AC system, the decided rule of shifted frequency for TSFT was studied, the resonance frequency was also included. Because the resonance frequency is not an integer harmonic frequency, instead of Fourier decomposition, the empirical mode decomposition(EMD) was applied to decompose the frequency component of the electrical quantities between the interface of the AC and DC part. The presented EMTS strategy based on FDTSFT can address the difficult issues in dynamic phasor and frequency dependent network equivalent(FDNE) method. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed strategy is verified by simulation examples.
引文
[1]董毅峰,王彦良,韩佶,等.电力系统高效电磁暂态仿真技术综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(8):2213-2231.Dong Yifeng,Wang Yanliang,Han Ji,et al.Review of high efficiency digital electromagnetic transient simulation technology in power system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(8):2213-2231(in Chinese).
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[3]汤涌.交直流电力系统多时间尺度全过程仿真和建模研究新进展[J].电网技术,2009,33(16):1-8.Tang Yong.New progress in research on multi-time scale unified simulation and modeling for AC/DC power systems[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(16):1-8(in Chinese).
[4]Liu Chongru,Bose A,Tian Pengfei.Modeling and analysis of HVDC converter by three-phase dynamic phasor[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(1):3-12.
[5]鄂志君,应迪生,陈家荣,等.动态相量法在电力系统仿真中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31):42-47.E Zhijun,Ying Disheng,Chan K W,et al.Application of dynamic phasor in power system simulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(31):42-47(in Chinese).
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[7]Shu Dewu,Xie Xiaorong,Dinavahi V,et al.Dynamic phasor based interface model for EMT and transient stability hybrid simulations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(4):3930-3939.
[8]Huang Yingwei,Chang Hua,Rezaee S,et al.Parametric dynamic phasor modeling of synchronous machine-rectifier systems for integrated AC-DCmicrogrids[C]//IEEE Power&Energy Society General Meeting.Chicago:IEEE,2017.
[9]夏黄蓉,韩民晓,姚蜀军,等.模块化多电平换流器动态相量建模[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(S2):120-127.Xia Huangrong,Han Minxiao,Yao Shujun,et al.Dynamic phasor modeling of simplified modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(S2):120-127(in Chinese).
[10]Zhang Peng,Marti J R,Dommel H W.Shifted-frequency analysis for EMTP simulation of power-system dynamics[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers,2010,57(9):2564-2574.
[11]Shu Dewu,Dinavahi V,Xie Xiaorong,et al.Shifted frequency modeling of hybrid modular multilevel converters for simulation of MTDC grid[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2018,33(3):1288-1298.
[12]Gao Feng,Strunz.Frequency-adaptive power system modeling for multiscale simulation of transients[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2009,24(2):561-571.
[13]Fan Shengtao,Ding Hui.Time domain transformation method for accelerating EMTP simulation of power system dynamics[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(4):1778-1787.
[14]Wang L,Jatskevich J,Dinavahi V,et al.Methods of interfacing rotating machine models in transient simulation programs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(2):891-903.
[15]Anderson G W J,Watson N R,Arnold C P,et al.A new hybrid algorithm for analysis of HVDC and FACTSsystems[C]//Proceedings of 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery.Singapore:IEEE,1995:462-467.
[16]张怡,吴文传,张伯明,等.基于频率相关网络等值的电磁-机电暂态解耦混合仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(16):107-114.Zhang Yi,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,et al.Frequency dependent network equivalent based electromagnetic and electromechanical decoupled hybrid simulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(16):107-114(in Chinese).
[17]Watson N R,Arrillaga J.Frequency-dependent AC system equivalents for harmonic studies and transient convertor simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1988,3(3):1196-1203.
[18]张怡.基于频率相关网络等值的机电电磁暂态混合仿真研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012.Zhang Yi.Study on frequency dependent network equivalent based electromagnetic and electromechanical transient hybrid simulation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2012(in Chinese).
[19]胡一中.网络宽频等值研究以及在电磁机电暂态混合仿真中的应用[D].北京:清华大学,2017.Hu Yizhong.Research on frequency dependent network equivalent and its applications in electromagnetic and electromechanical transient hybrid simulation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua university,2017(in Chinese).
[20]姚蜀军,韩民晓,汪燕,等.大规模电网电磁暂态快速仿真方法[J].电力建设,2015,36(12):16-21.Yao Shujun,Han Mingxiao,Wang Yan,et al.A fast electromagnetic transient simulation of large-scale power system[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(12):16-21(in Chinese).
[21]Gustavsen B,Semlysen A.Rational approximation of frequency domain responses by vector fitting[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,1999,14(3):1052-1061.
[22]王婷.EMD算法研究及其在信号去噪中的应用[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2010.Wang Ting.Research on EMD algorithm and its application in signal denoising[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2010(in Chinese).
[23]赵利强,王建林,于涛.基于改进EMD的输油管道泄漏信号特征提取方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(12):2696-2702.Zhao Liqiang,Wang Jianlin,Yu Tao.Study on the extraction method for oil pipeline leakage signal feature based on improved empirical mode decomposition[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2013,34(12):2696-2702(in Chinese).
[2]孙玉娇,周勤勇,申洪.未来中国输电网发展模式的分析与展望[J].电网技术,2013,37(7):1929-1935.Sun Yujiao,Zhou Qinyong,Shen Hong.Analysis and prospect on development patterns of China’s power transmission network in future[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(7):1929-1935(in Chinese).
[3]汤涌.交直流电力系统多时间尺度全过程仿真和建模研究新进展[J].电网技术,2009,33(16):1-8.Tang Yong.New progress in research on multi-time scale unified simulation and modeling for AC/DC power systems[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(16):1-8(in Chinese).
[4]Liu Chongru,Bose A,Tian Pengfei.Modeling and analysis of HVDC converter by three-phase dynamic phasor[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(1):3-12.
[5]鄂志君,应迪生,陈家荣,等.动态相量法在电力系统仿真中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31):42-47.E Zhijun,Ying Disheng,Chan K W,et al.Application of dynamic phasor in power system simulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(31):42-47(in Chinese).
[6]Deore S R,Darji P B,Kulkarni A M.Dynamic phasor modeling of modular multi-level converters[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems.Chennai:IEEE,2012:1-6.
[7]Shu Dewu,Xie Xiaorong,Dinavahi V,et al.Dynamic phasor based interface model for EMT and transient stability hybrid simulations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(4):3930-3939.
[8]Huang Yingwei,Chang Hua,Rezaee S,et al.Parametric dynamic phasor modeling of synchronous machine-rectifier systems for integrated AC-DCmicrogrids[C]//IEEE Power&Energy Society General Meeting.Chicago:IEEE,2017.
[9]夏黄蓉,韩民晓,姚蜀军,等.模块化多电平换流器动态相量建模[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(S2):120-127.Xia Huangrong,Han Minxiao,Yao Shujun,et al.Dynamic phasor modeling of simplified modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(S2):120-127(in Chinese).
[10]Zhang Peng,Marti J R,Dommel H W.Shifted-frequency analysis for EMTP simulation of power-system dynamics[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I:Regular Papers,2010,57(9):2564-2574.
[11]Shu Dewu,Dinavahi V,Xie Xiaorong,et al.Shifted frequency modeling of hybrid modular multilevel converters for simulation of MTDC grid[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2018,33(3):1288-1298.
[12]Gao Feng,Strunz.Frequency-adaptive power system modeling for multiscale simulation of transients[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2009,24(2):561-571.
[13]Fan Shengtao,Ding Hui.Time domain transformation method for accelerating EMTP simulation of power system dynamics[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(4):1778-1787.
[14]Wang L,Jatskevich J,Dinavahi V,et al.Methods of interfacing rotating machine models in transient simulation programs[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(2):891-903.
[15]Anderson G W J,Watson N R,Arnold C P,et al.A new hybrid algorithm for analysis of HVDC and FACTSsystems[C]//Proceedings of 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery.Singapore:IEEE,1995:462-467.
[16]张怡,吴文传,张伯明,等.基于频率相关网络等值的电磁-机电暂态解耦混合仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(16):107-114.Zhang Yi,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,et al.Frequency dependent network equivalent based electromagnetic and electromechanical decoupled hybrid simulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(16):107-114(in Chinese).
[17]Watson N R,Arrillaga J.Frequency-dependent AC system equivalents for harmonic studies and transient convertor simulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1988,3(3):1196-1203.
[18]张怡.基于频率相关网络等值的机电电磁暂态混合仿真研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012.Zhang Yi.Study on frequency dependent network equivalent based electromagnetic and electromechanical transient hybrid simulation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2012(in Chinese).
[19]胡一中.网络宽频等值研究以及在电磁机电暂态混合仿真中的应用[D].北京:清华大学,2017.Hu Yizhong.Research on frequency dependent network equivalent and its applications in electromagnetic and electromechanical transient hybrid simulation[D].Beijing:Tsinghua university,2017(in Chinese).
[20]姚蜀军,韩民晓,汪燕,等.大规模电网电磁暂态快速仿真方法[J].电力建设,2015,36(12):16-21.Yao Shujun,Han Mingxiao,Wang Yan,et al.A fast electromagnetic transient simulation of large-scale power system[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(12):16-21(in Chinese).
[21]Gustavsen B,Semlysen A.Rational approximation of frequency domain responses by vector fitting[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,1999,14(3):1052-1061.
[22]王婷.EMD算法研究及其在信号去噪中的应用[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2010.Wang Ting.Research on EMD algorithm and its application in signal denoising[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2010(in Chinese).
[23]赵利强,王建林,于涛.基于改进EMD的输油管道泄漏信号特征提取方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(12):2696-2702.Zhao Liqiang,Wang Jianlin,Yu Tao.Study on the extraction method for oil pipeline leakage signal feature based on improved empirical mode decomposition[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2013,34(12):2696-2702(in Chinese).