施氮量对科尔沁沙地燕麦生物量及物质分配规律的影响
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摘要
在科尔沁沙地研究不同施氮条件下燕麦(Avena sativa L.)株高、地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量,以及根冠比、茎叶比、叶片贡献率、茎秆贡献率、根系贡献率和穗贡献率等相关指标,探讨沙壤土条件下不同施氮量对燕麦的影响,为科尔沁沙地燕麦氮肥管理提供参考。结果表明:燕麦株高、地上生物量、总生物量随着施氮量增加呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,均在N3(375kg·hm~(-2))达到最高值,值分别为:90.6cm,1 878.6g·m~(-2),2 341.2g·m~(-2);不同施肥梯度之间叶片贡献率、穗贡献率、根系贡献率、茎叶比、根冠比均表现出一定差异,而茎秆贡献率差异不显著;其中,随着施肥量的增加,叶片贡献率和穗贡献率均呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势;建议本试验条件下,燕麦最佳追施氮肥量375kg·hm~(-2),追施氮肥范围300～450kg·hm~(-2)之间。
To explore the effects of different nitrogen application rates on oats under sandy loam soil conditions,and to provide reference for the management of oat fertilizer in oats in Horqin Sandy Land,we tested oat(Avena sativa L.)plant height,aboveground biomass,underground biomass,total biomass,and root/shoot ratio,stem/leaf ratio,leaf contribution rate,stem contribution rate,root contribution rate and spike contribution rate under different Nitrogen fertilizer application levels.The results showed that the oat plant height,aboveground biomass,total biomass with the increase of nitrogen showed a trend of decrease after the first increase,they reached the highest values in N3(375 kg·hm~(-2)),respectively:90.6 cm,1878.6 g·m~(-2),2 341.2 g·m~(-2);There are different fertilization gradients between leaf contribution rate,spike contribution rate,root contribution rate,stem/leaf ratio and root/shoot ratio,but there was no significant differences in stem contribution rate;with the increase of fertilizer application rate,leaf contribution rate and spike contribution rate increased first and then decreased,which suggested the best nitrogen fertilizer for oats is 375 kg·hm~(-2),the range of nitrogen application ranged from 300～450 kg·hm~(-2) in Horqin sandy land.
To explore the effects of different nitrogen application rates on oats under sandy loam soil conditions,and to provide reference for the management of oat fertilizer in oats in Horqin Sandy Land,we tested oat(Avena sativa L.)plant height,aboveground biomass,underground biomass,total biomass,and root/shoot ratio,stem/leaf ratio,leaf contribution rate,stem contribution rate,root contribution rate and spike contribution rate under different Nitrogen fertilizer application levels.The results showed that the oat plant height,aboveground biomass,total biomass with the increase of nitrogen showed a trend of decrease after the first increase,they reached the highest values in N3(375 kg·hm~(-2)),respectively:90.6 cm,1878.6 g·m~(-2),2 341.2 g·m~(-2);There are different fertilization gradients between leaf contribution rate,spike contribution rate,root contribution rate,stem/leaf ratio and root/shoot ratio,but there was no significant differences in stem contribution rate;with the increase of fertilizer application rate,leaf contribution rate and spike contribution rate increased first and then decreased,which suggested the best nitrogen fertilizer for oats is 375 kg·hm~(-2),the range of nitrogen application ranged from 300～450 kg·hm~(-2) in Horqin sandy land.
引文
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[16]雷占兰,周华坤,刘泽华,等.密度氮肥交互处理下高寒地区燕麦的生长特性与生殖分配[J].草业科学,2014,31(6):1110-1119
[17]王伟,蔡焕杰,王健,等.水分亏缺对冬小麦株高、叶绿素相对含量及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(1):41-45
[18]肖俊夫,刘战东,南纪琴,等.不同水分处理对春玉米生态指标、耗水量及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2010,18(6):94-97
[19]闫志利,郭丽琢,方子森,等.有机肥对胡麻干质积累、分配及产量的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(8):988-995
[20]蔡瑞国,张迪,张敏,等.雨养和灌溉条件下施氮量对小麦干物质积累和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(2):194-202
[21]汤亮,朱艳,鞠昌华,等.油菜地上部干物质分配与产量形成模拟模型[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):526-530
[2]柴继宽,赵桂琴,师尚礼.燕麦种子产量构成因子与产量的关联性分析[J].草地学报,2012,20(1):49-54
[3]周青平,贾志锋,韩志林,等.氮、磷肥对裸燕麦子粒产量和β-葡聚糖含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(5):956-960
[4]杨海磊,徐长林,鱼小军,等.14份燕麦种质在肃南皇城镇的生产性能比较[J].草业科学,2016,33(1):129-135
[5]赵宏魁,马真,张春辉,等.种植密度和施氮水平对燕麦生物量分配的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(2):249-258
[6]樊明寿,孙亚卿,邵金旺,等.不同形态氮素对燕麦营养生长和磷素利用的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(1):114-118
[7]张新军,杨才,曾昭海,等.不同施氮量对裸燕麦产量品质及叶面硒肥效率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(33):122-127
[8]韩启亮,崔林,韩美善,等.梯度施氮量及底追比例对旱作燕麦产量的影响[J].现代农业科技,2010(15):69-71
[9]德科加,周青平,刘文辉,等.施氮量对青藏高原燕麦产量和品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2007,29(5):43-48
[10]任长忠,胡跃高.中国燕麦学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013:7-8
[11]杨启良,周兵,刘小刚,等.亏缺灌溉和施氮对小桐子根区硝态氮分布及水分利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(04):142-150
[12]张玉春,杨敏,周齐齐,等.不同氮肥用量条件下花后遮光对冬小麦干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(03):203-209
[13]李韦柳,覃维治,熊军,等.施氮对狼尾草在南方贫瘠旱坡地生长、能源品质及氮肥利用率的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(03):144-153
[14]侯云鹏,孔丽丽,李前,等.滴灌施氮对春玉米氮素吸收、土壤无机氮含量及氮素平衡的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(01):238-245
[15]朱兆良.推荐氮肥适宜施用量的方法论刍议[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(1):1-4
[16]雷占兰,周华坤,刘泽华,等.密度氮肥交互处理下高寒地区燕麦的生长特性与生殖分配[J].草业科学,2014,31(6):1110-1119
[17]王伟,蔡焕杰,王健,等.水分亏缺对冬小麦株高、叶绿素相对含量及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(1):41-45
[18]肖俊夫,刘战东,南纪琴,等.不同水分处理对春玉米生态指标、耗水量及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2010,18(6):94-97
[19]闫志利,郭丽琢,方子森,等.有机肥对胡麻干质积累、分配及产量的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(8):988-995
[20]蔡瑞国,张迪,张敏,等.雨养和灌溉条件下施氮量对小麦干物质积累和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(2):194-202
[21]汤亮,朱艳,鞠昌华,等.油菜地上部干物质分配与产量形成模拟模型[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):526-530