种植密度对夏玉米品种株型及产量性状的影响
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摘要
为了阐述不同玉米品种株型及产量性状对密度响应,以目前生产上广泛种植的6个品种(‘郑单958’、‘先玉335’、‘伟科702’、‘浚单20’、‘金海5号’、‘利民33’)为材料,研究4个种植密度(60000、90000、112500、127500株/hm2)下不同品种株型和产量性状的变化。结果表明:6个品种棒三叶面积及茎粗系数均随着密度增加而减小,但减小幅度在不同品种或不同叶位存在差异。产量构成因素如穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒数和千粒重随着密度增加而减小。4个种植密度中,‘金海5号’、‘伟科702’、‘郑单958’在密度为90000株/hm2时产量为最高;其他3个品种随密度增加,产量降低。回归分析发现在10个已知影响玉米产量因素中,穗粒数对产量的直接影响最大,其次为行粒数。
In order to elucidate the response of plant type and yield traits of different maize varieties toplanting density, six maize varieties(‘Zhengdan958',‘Xianyu335',‘Weike702',‘Xundan20',‘Jinhai5 hao'and‘Limin33') planted widely in production were used as materials, the plant type and yield characterschanges of different maize varieties under four planting densities(60000 plants/hm2, 90000 plants/hm2, 112500 plants/hm2, 127500 plants/hm2) were analyzed. The results indicated that the three ear leaves area and thecoefficient of stem diameter of the six varieties were all decreased with the increase of planting density. But thereducing range was different among different varieties or different ear leaves. Yield component factors, such asear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, kernels per row, kernels per ear and 1000-grain weight, decreased withthe planting density increase. Among the four planting densities, the yield of‘Jinhai5 hao',‘Weike702'or‘Zhengdan958'under the density of 90000 plants/hm2 was the highest; yields of the other three varietiesdecreased with the increasing of planting density. Based on the regression analysis, the effect of kernels per earon yield was the largest one among the ten factors that were known affecting maize yield, the second waskernels per row.
In order to elucidate the response of plant type and yield traits of different maize varieties toplanting density, six maize varieties(‘Zhengdan958',‘Xianyu335',‘Weike702',‘Xundan20',‘Jinhai5 hao'and‘Limin33') planted widely in production were used as materials, the plant type and yield characterschanges of different maize varieties under four planting densities(60000 plants/hm2, 90000 plants/hm2, 112500 plants/hm2, 127500 plants/hm2) were analyzed. The results indicated that the three ear leaves area and thecoefficient of stem diameter of the six varieties were all decreased with the increase of planting density. But thereducing range was different among different varieties or different ear leaves. Yield component factors, such asear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, kernels per row, kernels per ear and 1000-grain weight, decreased withthe planting density increase. Among the four planting densities, the yield of‘Jinhai5 hao',‘Weike702'or‘Zhengdan958'under the density of 90000 plants/hm2 was the highest; yields of the other three varietiesdecreased with the increasing of planting density. Based on the regression analysis, the effect of kernels per earon yield was the largest one among the ten factors that were known affecting maize yield, the second waskernels per row.
引文
[1]赵松岭,李凤民,张大勇,等.作物生产是一个种群过程[J].生态学报,1997,17(1):100-104.
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[3]陈传永,侯玉虹,孙锐,等.密植对不同玉米品种产量性能的影响及其耐密性分析[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1153-1160.
[4]丰光,刘志芳,李妍妍,等.玉米茎秆耐穿刺强度的倒伏遗传研究[J].作物学报,2009,35(11):2133-2138.
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[9]勾玲,黄建军,张宾,等.群体密度对玉米茎秆抗倒力学和农艺性状的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(10):1688-1695.
[10]张洪生,赵明,吴沛波,等.种植密度对玉米茎秆和穗部性状的影响[J].玉米科学,2009,17(5):130-133.
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[12]张泽民,贾长柱.玉米株型对遗传增益的影响[J].遗传,1997,19(2):31-34.
[13]李永忠.玉米茎秆和根系的研究概况[J].国外农学—玉米,1990,1(2):5-9.
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[15]胡巍巍,赵会杰,李洪岐,等.种植密度对夏玉米冠层光合特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(1):23-27.
[16]邢晓丽,翟萍,李花利.岐山县2011年不同玉米品种密度试验初探[J].陕西农业科学,2012,58(3):114-115.
[17]谢志涛,高洪敏.种植密度对不同基因型玉米杂交种生理特性及产量的影响[J].种子,2014(6):69-72.
[18]胡昌浩.玉米栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[19]Dwyer L M,Tollenar M.Genetic improvement in photosynthetic response of hybrid maize cultivars,1959 to 1988[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,1989,69(1):81-91.
[20]周旭梅,高旭东,何晶.种植密度对玉米产量及植株性状的影响[J].玉米科学,2012,20(3):107-110.
[21]王敏,徐萍,刘新江,等.黄淮海地区夏玉米农艺性状与产量的通径分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(5):1229-1236.
[22]Geetha K,Jayaraman N.Path analysis in maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Agricultural Science Digest,2000,20(1):60-61.
[23]Tokatlidis I S.A review of maize hybrids dependence on high plant populations and its implications for crop yield stability[J].Field crops research,2004,88(3):103-114.
[24]Barbieri P A,Sainz Rozas H,Andrade F H,et al.Row spacing effects at different levels of nitrogen availability in maize[J].Agronomy Journal,2000,92:283-288.
[2]Tollenaar M,Lee E A.Yield potential,yield stability and stress tolerance in maize[J].Field Crops Research,2002,88:161-169.
[3]陈传永,侯玉虹,孙锐,等.密植对不同玉米品种产量性能的影响及其耐密性分析[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1153-1160.
[4]丰光,刘志芳,李妍妍,等.玉米茎秆耐穿刺强度的倒伏遗传研究[J].作物学报,2009,35(11):2133-2138.
[5]Zuber M S,Kang M S.Corn lodging slowed by sturdier stalk[J].Crop Soils,1978,30:13-15.
[6]史向远,周静,张晓晨,等.不同种植密度对旱地玉米农艺性状及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2012,40(5):459-461,469.
[7]曹彩云,李伟,党红凯,等.不同种植密度对夏玉米产量、产量性状及群体光合特性的影响研究[J].华北农学报,2013,S1:161-166.
[8]王楷,王克如,王永宏,等.度对玉米产量(>15000kg.hm-2)及其产量构成因子的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,16:3437-3445.
[9]勾玲,黄建军,张宾,等.群体密度对玉米茎秆抗倒力学和农艺性状的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(10):1688-1695.
[10]张洪生,赵明,吴沛波,等.种植密度对玉米茎秆和穗部性状的影响[J].玉米科学,2009,17(5):130-133.
[11]孙世贤,顾慰连.密度对玉米倒伏及其产量的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1989,20(4):413-416.
[12]张泽民,贾长柱.玉米株型对遗传增益的影响[J].遗传,1997,19(2):31-34.
[13]李永忠.玉米茎秆和根系的研究概况[J].国外农学—玉米,1990,1(2):5-9.
[14]Dunn G H,S M Dabney.Modulus of elasticity and moment of inertia of grass hedge stems[J].Trans ASAE,1996,39:947-952.
[15]胡巍巍,赵会杰,李洪岐,等.种植密度对夏玉米冠层光合特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2013,42(1):23-27.
[16]邢晓丽,翟萍,李花利.岐山县2011年不同玉米品种密度试验初探[J].陕西农业科学,2012,58(3):114-115.
[17]谢志涛,高洪敏.种植密度对不同基因型玉米杂交种生理特性及产量的影响[J].种子,2014(6):69-72.
[18]胡昌浩.玉米栽培生理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[19]Dwyer L M,Tollenar M.Genetic improvement in photosynthetic response of hybrid maize cultivars,1959 to 1988[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,1989,69(1):81-91.
[20]周旭梅,高旭东,何晶.种植密度对玉米产量及植株性状的影响[J].玉米科学,2012,20(3):107-110.
[21]王敏,徐萍,刘新江,等.黄淮海地区夏玉米农艺性状与产量的通径分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(5):1229-1236.
[22]Geetha K,Jayaraman N.Path analysis in maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Agricultural Science Digest,2000,20(1):60-61.
[23]Tokatlidis I S.A review of maize hybrids dependence on high plant populations and its implications for crop yield stability[J].Field crops research,2004,88(3):103-114.
[24]Barbieri P A,Sainz Rozas H,Andrade F H,et al.Row spacing effects at different levels of nitrogen availability in maize[J].Agronomy Journal,2000,92:283-288.