种肥应用对免耕精播夏玉米生理效应研究
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摘要
为进一步探明种肥对玉米免耕精密播种的作用,2013年运用大田2点试验,测定生理与产量指标,研究了5种处理(NPK、NP、NK、PK、CK)的种肥对夏玉米免耕精密播种的影响。NPK种肥处理后的夏玉米的幼苗素质、根干重、根体积、根条数、叶片Pn和SPAD值都最好,进而降低了玉米果穗的秃尖长,增加了玉米的穗长、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重。NPK处理的产量比处理NP、NK和PK、CK增产4.52%、6.06%、13.21%和29.05%,增产效果大于其他施用组合。种肥影响夏玉米免耕精密播种的效果,且N、P、K都是夏玉米免耕精密播种种肥必不可少的营养成分。
The aim was to explore the effect of seed manure on no-tilling and precision sowing summer maize.Two field tests with five treatments(NPK,NP,NK,PK and CK) of seed manure were conducted to determinethe physiological parameters and yield index in 2013.Under the treatment of NPK seed manure,the seedlingquality,root dry weight,root volume,root number,leaf Pn and SPAD were all the best,thus reduced the baldtip of maize ear length,increased the maize ear length,ear row number,row grain number,and 1000 kernelweight.The yield of NPK treatment increased by 4.52%,6.06%,13.21% and 29.05% in comparing with that oftreatment NP,NK,PK,CK,respectively.The yield-increasing effect of NPK treatment was greater than that ofthe other fertilizer combinations.Seed manure affected seeding effect of no-tilling and precision sowingsummer maize.At the same time,N,P and K were essential nutrients of seed manure for no-till and precisionsowing summer maize.
The aim was to explore the effect of seed manure on no-tilling and precision sowing summer maize.Two field tests with five treatments(NPK,NP,NK,PK and CK) of seed manure were conducted to determinethe physiological parameters and yield index in 2013.Under the treatment of NPK seed manure,the seedlingquality,root dry weight,root volume,root number,leaf Pn and SPAD were all the best,thus reduced the baldtip of maize ear length,increased the maize ear length,ear row number,row grain number,and 1000 kernelweight.The yield of NPK treatment increased by 4.52%,6.06%,13.21% and 29.05% in comparing with that oftreatment NP,NK,PK,CK,respectively.The yield-increasing effect of NPK treatment was greater than that ofthe other fertilizer combinations.Seed manure affected seeding effect of no-tilling and precision sowingsummer maize.At the same time,N,P and K were essential nutrients of seed manure for no-till and precisionsowing summer maize.
引文
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[2]]欧阳西荣.尿素对玉米种子发芽的影响[J].玉米科学,2000,8(4):50-52.
[3]黄艳胜.种肥对玉米种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2009(5):71-73.
[4]化党领,李潮海,介晓磊,等.玉米施肥新技术及影响施肥效果的因素[J].土壤通报,2004,35(5):652-657.
[5]王秀芳,张宽,王立春,等.科学管理与调控钾肥,实现玉米高产稳产[J].玉米科学,2004,12(3):92-95.
[6]魏亚萍,王璞.氮肥对夏玉米籽粒不同部位重量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006,14(5):123-126.
[7]王贺,白由路.磷、钾肥施用位置对夏玉米苗期生长发育的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(1):53-58.
[8]李潮海,赵霞,刘天学,等.麦茬处理方式对机播夏玉米的生态生理效应[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(1):162-166.
[9]杨春收,赵霞,李潮海,等.麦茬处理方式对机播夏玉米播种质量及其前期生长的影响[J].河南农业科学,2009,1:25-28.
[10]赵霞,黄瑞冬,李潮海,等.播后镇压覆盖有利于土壤保水保温和玉米幼苗生长[J].玉米科学,2013,21(5):87-93,99.
[11]周进宝,杨国航,孙世贤,等.黄淮海夏播玉米区玉米生产现状和发展趋势[J].作物杂志,2008(2):4-7.
[12]鱼欢,杨改河,王之杰.不同施氮量及基追比例对玉米冠层生理性状和产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):266-273.
[13]王宜伦,常建智,张守林,等.缓/控释氮肥对晚收夏玉米产量及氮肥效率的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(4):58-61,86.
[14]徐竹英,程建和,郝跃红,等.稳定性长效氮肥对春玉米产量与效益的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(24):109-113.
[15]马春红,赵霞.玉米简化栽培[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2013.
[16]赵霞,王定林,唐保军,等.夏玉米免耕精密播种关键技术集成研究[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(6):29-33,55.
[17]郭庆法,王庆成,汪黎明.中国玉米栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2004.
[18]姜琳琳,韩立思,韩晓日,等.氮素对玉米幼苗生长、根系形态及氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):247-253.
[19]齐红志,刘天学,杜成凤,等.玉米苗期对氮、磷、钾亏缺的响应及基因型差异[J].河南农业大学学报,2011,45(2):142-148.
[20]马丽,李潮海,付景,等.垄作栽培对高产田夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):7141-7150.
[21]赵霞,王秀萍,李潮海,等.麦茬处理方式对夏玉米荧光参数日变化及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2009,17(2):64-67,72.