电热作用对碳纤维/树脂复合材料界面应力的影响
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摘要
碳纤维/树脂复合材料广泛应用于民用航空器结构中,在服役期间会受到复杂环境(湿热、腐蚀、复杂应力和电热作用等)的作用,低强度电流对碳纤维/树脂复合材料的影响受到的关注较少。以碳纤维/树脂复合材料为研究对象,根据碳纤维的温敏效应和通电时的电阻变化规律,计算出碳纤维单丝/环氧树脂复合试样的界面温度范围,之后采用拉曼光谱测试和单丝断裂实验研究了低强度电流对单丝复合体系界面应力和界面剪切强度的影响。结果表明:随着电流强度的提高,单丝复合体系的界面温度随之升高,电流为8mA时,界面温度高达约200℃。随着电流强度的增大,单丝复合体系的界面压缩应力表现为先增大后减小的趋势,电流高于7mA后,界面处树脂出现烧蚀降解破坏;单丝断裂实验结果表明随着电流强度增大,单丝复合体系的界面剪切强度呈现先升后降的趋势,在6mA时界面剪切强度达到最大值62.39MPa,而8mA时界面剪切强度仅为34.95MPa。
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites were widely used in civil aircraft structures and subjected to complex environments(hydrothermal,corrosion,complex stress,and electro-thermal effects,etc.)during service.But the impact of low-intensity currents on carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites has attracted less attention.In this paper,the carbon fiber/resin composites were taken as the research object.The interface temperature range of the carbon fiber monofilament/epoxy resin composite specimen was calculated based on thermo sensitivity of carbon fibers and the dynamic of resistance change when an electric current was applied.Raman spectroscopy test and monofilament fracture test were used to study the influence of low-intensity current on the interfacial stress and interfacial shear strength of monofilament composite system.The results of the study show that:with increment of the current intensity,the interface temperature of the monofilament composite system is increasing.When the current is up to 8 mA,the interface temperature is as high as about 200℃.With the increase of the current intensity,the interfacial compressive stress of the monofilament composite system increases first and then reduces.When the current is higher than 7 mA,the resin at the interface undergoes ablation degradation and destruction.Monofilament fracture experiment illustrates that with the increase of the current intensity,the interfacial shear strength of the monofilament composite system increases initially and then decreases.The interfacial shear strength reaches a maximum of 62.39 MPa at 6 mA and the interface shear strength is only 34.95 MPa at 8 mA.
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites were widely used in civil aircraft structures and subjected to complex environments(hydrothermal,corrosion,complex stress,and electro-thermal effects,etc.)during service.But the impact of low-intensity currents on carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites has attracted less attention.In this paper,the carbon fiber/resin composites were taken as the research object.The interface temperature range of the carbon fiber monofilament/epoxy resin composite specimen was calculated based on thermo sensitivity of carbon fibers and the dynamic of resistance change when an electric current was applied.Raman spectroscopy test and monofilament fracture test were used to study the influence of low-intensity current on the interfacial stress and interfacial shear strength of monofilament composite system.The results of the study show that:with increment of the current intensity,the interface temperature of the monofilament composite system is increasing.When the current is up to 8 mA,the interface temperature is as high as about 200℃.With the increase of the current intensity,the interfacial compressive stress of the monofilament composite system increases first and then reduces.When the current is higher than 7 mA,the resin at the interface undergoes ablation degradation and destruction.Monofilament fracture experiment illustrates that with the increase of the current intensity,the interfacial shear strength of the monofilament composite system increases initially and then decreases.The interfacial shear strength reaches a maximum of 62.39 MPa at 6 mA and the interface shear strength is only 34.95 MPa at 8 mA.
引文
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[13]KELLY A,TYSON W R.Tensile properties of fibre-reinforced metals:Copper/tungsten and copper/molybdenum[J].Journal of the Mechanics&Physics of Solids,1965,13(6):329,339-338,350.
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[15]郑华升,周梓棣,杜琰.单向碳纤维增强塑料的温敏效应[J].塑料工业,2017,45(5):83-86.ZHENG Huasheng,ZHOU Zidi,DU Yan.Temperature sensitive effects of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics[J].China Plastics Industry,2017,45(5):83-86(in Chinese).
[16]KAO C C,YOUNG R J.A Raman spectroscopic investigation of heating effects and the deformation behaviour of epoxy/SWNT composites[J].Composites Science&Technology,2004,64(15):2291-2295.
[17]VEGA A D L,KOVACS J Z,BAUHOFER W,et al.Combined Raman and dielectric spectroscopy on the curing behaviour and stress build up of carbon nanotube-epoxy composites[J].Composites Science&Technology,2009,69(10):1540-1546.
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[19]林生军,黄印,谢东日,等.环氧树脂高温分子链松弛与玻璃化转变特性[J].物理学报,2016,65(7):296-300.LIN Shengjun,HUANG Yin,XIE Dongri,et al.Molecular relaxation and glass transition properties of epoxy resin at high temperature[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2016,65(7):296-300(in Chinese).
[20]沈劲松,罗小雯,姚子伟,等.环氧树脂的物理老化与内应力[J].复旦大学学报(自然科学版),1998(3):259-264.SHEN Jinsong,LUO Xiaowen,YAO Ziwei,et al.Studies on physical aging and internal stress of epoxy resin[J].Journal of Fudan University(Natural Science),1998(3):259-264(in Chinese).
[21]雷振坤,王权,仇巍,等.微拉曼光谱研究M55JB碳纤维/微滴的拉伸变形行为[J].实验力学,2012,27(1):30-36.LEI Zhenkun,WANG Quan,CHOU Wei,et al.Micro-Raman spectroscopy study of tensile deformation behavior of M55JB carbon fiber/microsphere[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2012,27(1):30-36(in Chinese).
[22]CHIPPENDALE R D,GOLOSNOY I O,LEWIN P L,et al.Transport properties and current flow patterns in homogeneous strongly anisotropic materials[J].COMPEL-the International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering,2011,30(3):1047-1055.
[23]ZHUPANSKA O I,SIERAKOWSKI R L.Electro-thermomechanical coupling in carbon fiber polymer matrix composites[J].Acta Mechanica,2011,218(3-4):319-332.
[24]蔡群,李敏,罗辑,等.单丝断裂能量法研究温度对碳纤维/环氧界面性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(4):17-22.CAI Qun,LI Min,LUO Ji,et al.Influence of temperature on the interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy via the study of single wire fracture energy method[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(4):17-22(in Chinese).
[2]郭健.复合材料在国外海军航空器上的应用发展进程[J].航空制造技术,2012,404(8):60-63.GUO Jian.Application and development of composite materials on foreign naval aircraft[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2012,404(8):60-63(in Chinese).
[3]李斌太,邢丽英,包建文,等.先进复合材料国防科技重点实验室的航空树脂基复合材料研发进展[J].航空材料学报,2016,36(3):92-100.LI Bintai,XING Liying,BAO Jianwen,et al.Development of aerospace resin matrix composites in advanced composites defense science and technology key laboratory[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2016,36(3):92-100(in Chinese).
[4]邢丽英,包建文,礼嵩明,等.先进树脂基复合材料发展现状和面临的挑战[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(7):1327-1338.XING Liying,BAO Jianwen,LI Songming,et al.Development status and challenges of advanced resin matrix composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2016,33(7):1327-1338(in Chinese).
[5]彭金涛,任天斌.碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的最新应用现状[J].中国胶粘剂,2014(8):48-52.PENG Jintao,REN Tianbin.The latest status of application of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites[J].China Adhesives,2014(8):48-52(in Chinese).
[6]张猛,李杨.碳纤维的制备和电热性能[J].纺织科技进展,2015(7):30-32.ZHANG Meng,LI Yang.Preparation and electro-thermal properties of carbon fibers[J].Advances in Textile Science and Technology,2015(7):30-32(in Chinese).
[7]赵若飞,周晓东.纤维增强聚合物复合材料界面残余热应力研究进展[J].纤维复合材料,2000,17(2):20-24.ZHAO Ruofei,ZHOU Xiaodong.Research progress on interface thermal residual stress of fiber reinforced polymer composites[J].Fiber Composites,2000,17(2):20-24(in Chinese).
[8]GIGLIOTTI M.Development of experimental and modelling tools for the,characterisation of the thermo-electro-mechanical behaviour of composite materials for,aircraft applications[J].Mécanique&Industries,2011,12(2):87-101.
[9]PARK J S,KIM H S,HAHN H T.Healing behavior of a matrix crack on a carbon fiber/mendomer composite[J].Composites Science&Technology,2009,69(7-8):1082-1087.
[10]TELITCHEV I Y,SIERAKOWSKI R L,ZHUPANSKA OI.Low-velocity impcact testing of electrified composites:Part I-Application of electric current[J].Experimental Techniques,2008,32(2):35-38.
[11]王志平,叶亮,路鹏程.基于介电性能研究碳纤维/环氧复合材料单向板电热作用机制[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(2):270-277.WANG Zhiping,YE Liang,LU Pengcheng.Study on electro-thermal mechanism of one-way carbon fiber/epoxy composites based on dielectric properties[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2017,34(2):270-277(in Chinese).
[12]钱浩,彭奇均,张军伟.3种苯乙烯系离子交换树脂功能基团的热失重分析[J].离子交换与吸附,2012,28(5):413-422.QIAN Hao,PENG Qijun,ZHANG Junwei.Three kinds of styrene ion exchange thermal weight loss analysis of resin functional groups[J].Ion Exchange and Adsorption,2012,28(5):413-422(in Chinese).
[13]KELLY A,TYSON W R.Tensile properties of fibre-reinforced metals:Copper/tungsten and copper/molybdenum[J].Journal of the Mechanics&Physics of Solids,1965,13(6):329,339-338,350.
[14]郑华升,朱四荣,李卓球.环氧树脂基体中碳纤维单丝及其界面的温敏效应[J].功能材料,2012,43(15):2079-2082.ZHENG Huasheng,ZHU Sirong,LI Zhuoqiu.Thermo-sensitivity of carbon fiber monofilament and its interface in epoxy resin matrix[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2012,43(15):2079-2082(in Chinese).
[15]郑华升,周梓棣,杜琰.单向碳纤维增强塑料的温敏效应[J].塑料工业,2017,45(5):83-86.ZHENG Huasheng,ZHOU Zidi,DU Yan.Temperature sensitive effects of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics[J].China Plastics Industry,2017,45(5):83-86(in Chinese).
[16]KAO C C,YOUNG R J.A Raman spectroscopic investigation of heating effects and the deformation behaviour of epoxy/SWNT composites[J].Composites Science&Technology,2004,64(15):2291-2295.
[17]VEGA A D L,KOVACS J Z,BAUHOFER W,et al.Combined Raman and dielectric spectroscopy on the curing behaviour and stress build up of carbon nanotube-epoxy composites[J].Composites Science&Technology,2009,69(10):1540-1546.
[18]袁金颖,潘才元.树脂固化时体积收缩内应力的本质及消除途径[J].化学与粘合,1998(4):234-236.YUAN Jinying,PAN Caiyuan.The essence and removing methods of interal stress due to volume shrinkage during kesin curing period[J].Chemistry and Adhesion,1998(4):234-236(in Chinese).
[19]林生军,黄印,谢东日,等.环氧树脂高温分子链松弛与玻璃化转变特性[J].物理学报,2016,65(7):296-300.LIN Shengjun,HUANG Yin,XIE Dongri,et al.Molecular relaxation and glass transition properties of epoxy resin at high temperature[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2016,65(7):296-300(in Chinese).
[20]沈劲松,罗小雯,姚子伟,等.环氧树脂的物理老化与内应力[J].复旦大学学报(自然科学版),1998(3):259-264.SHEN Jinsong,LUO Xiaowen,YAO Ziwei,et al.Studies on physical aging and internal stress of epoxy resin[J].Journal of Fudan University(Natural Science),1998(3):259-264(in Chinese).
[21]雷振坤,王权,仇巍,等.微拉曼光谱研究M55JB碳纤维/微滴的拉伸变形行为[J].实验力学,2012,27(1):30-36.LEI Zhenkun,WANG Quan,CHOU Wei,et al.Micro-Raman spectroscopy study of tensile deformation behavior of M55JB carbon fiber/microsphere[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2012,27(1):30-36(in Chinese).
[22]CHIPPENDALE R D,GOLOSNOY I O,LEWIN P L,et al.Transport properties and current flow patterns in homogeneous strongly anisotropic materials[J].COMPEL-the International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering,2011,30(3):1047-1055.
[23]ZHUPANSKA O I,SIERAKOWSKI R L.Electro-thermomechanical coupling in carbon fiber polymer matrix composites[J].Acta Mechanica,2011,218(3-4):319-332.
[24]蔡群,李敏,罗辑,等.单丝断裂能量法研究温度对碳纤维/环氧界面性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(4):17-22.CAI Qun,LI Min,LUO Ji,et al.Influence of temperature on the interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy via the study of single wire fracture energy method[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,28(4):17-22(in Chinese).