基于光纤光栅的双壁开口模型管桩测试技术研究
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摘要
针对光纤光栅传感器在模型管桩试验应用情况,提出了一种光纤光栅传感器理论灵敏度系数和实验灵敏度系数应变标定方法。结合理论分析,在封装FBG应变传感器前,对模型管桩内、外管进行有限元Abaqus应力分布模拟分析,得到双壁开口模型管桩对封装FBG应变传感器没有影响,提高了实验应变测量精度。对模型管桩封装后的FBG应变传感器进行标定实验,每次按200逐级加载后并卸载,循环加载5次,得到内外管FBG传感器应变灵敏度系数分别为2.15pm/με、2.24pm/με,且线性度均达到0.999以上。该方法简单、易操作,可用于光纤光栅应变传感器在模型管桩试验前的标定,为光纤光栅传感器在试验和工程中应用奠定了基础。
In order to measure the pile friction,pile tip resistance and soil resistance of the open pipe pile during sinking,a double-walled open mode pipe pile with fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensor is designed.A fiber grating sensor theoretical sensitivity coefficient and experimental sensitivity coefficient strain calibration method is proposed in view of the application of FBG sensors in the model pipe pile test.Combined with the theoretical analysis,the finite element Abaqus stress distribution of the model pipe pile is simulated and analyzed before the FBG strain sensor is encapsulated.The double-walled open model pipe pile has no influence on the FBG strain sensor and the experimental strain measurement accuracy is improved.The calibration experiment of FBG strain sensor after the model pipe pile encapsulation is carried out by every step loading and unloading of 200με,and it is loaded for 5 times.The strain sensitivity coefficients of FBG sensor encapsulated on internal and external tubes are 2.15 pm/μεand 2.24 pm/με,respectively,with linearity greater than 0.999.At the same time,the method is simple and easy to operate,and is suitable for the calibration of fiber grating strain sensor before the model pipe pile test,which lays the foundation for the application of FBG sensors in the experiment and engineering.
In order to measure the pile friction,pile tip resistance and soil resistance of the open pipe pile during sinking,a double-walled open mode pipe pile with fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensor is designed.A fiber grating sensor theoretical sensitivity coefficient and experimental sensitivity coefficient strain calibration method is proposed in view of the application of FBG sensors in the model pipe pile test.Combined with the theoretical analysis,the finite element Abaqus stress distribution of the model pipe pile is simulated and analyzed before the FBG strain sensor is encapsulated.The double-walled open model pipe pile has no influence on the FBG strain sensor and the experimental strain measurement accuracy is improved.The calibration experiment of FBG strain sensor after the model pipe pile encapsulation is carried out by every step loading and unloading of 200με,and it is loaded for 5 times.The strain sensitivity coefficients of FBG sensor encapsulated on internal and external tubes are 2.15 pm/μεand 2.24 pm/με,respectively,with linearity greater than 0.999.At the same time,the method is simple and easy to operate,and is suitable for the calibration of fiber grating strain sensor before the model pipe pile test,which lays the foundation for the application of FBG sensors in the experiment and engineering.
引文
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[13]JIANG Hong.PPP-BOTDA distributed fiber optic sensing techniques and its application to pile tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):3190-3195.江宏.PPP-BOTDA分布式光纤传感技术及其在试桩中应用[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3190-3195.
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[15]SUN Shi-hui,YU You-long,LI Hui,et al.Detection technique of stress waves based on fiber Bragg grating[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(5):0505002.孙诗惠,余有龙,李慧,等.基于光纤光栅的应力波检测技术研究[J].中国激光,2016,43(5):0505002.
[16]Du Yong,Si Jin-hai,Chen Tao,et al.Quasi-distributed high temperature sensor based on fiber Bragg grating[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2016,53(2):100606.杜勇,司金海,陈涛,等.准分布式光纤布拉格光栅高温传感器[J].激光与光电子学进展,2016,53(2):100606.
[17]GUO Yong-xing,ZHANG Dong-sheng,ZHOU Zu-de,et al.A novel surface-mounted FBG strain sensor and its application in highway bridge engineering[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2014,25(3):435-441.郭永兴,张东生,周祖德,等.表面式FBG应变传感器及其在高速公路桥梁工程中的应用[J].光电子·激光,2014,25(3):435-441.
[18]ZHANG Zheng-lin,WANG Yuan,Li Xiao-lei,et al.Study on the application of FBG sensing technology in monitoring slope stability[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2016,27(8):838-844.章征林,王源,李小雷,等.FBG传感技术在边坡稳定性监测中的应用[J].光电子·激光,2016,27(8):838-844.
[19]LI Jian-zhi,SUN Bao-chen,DU Yan-liang.Union self-compensated packaging of FBG strain sensor[J].Optoelectronics Letters,2014,10:30-33.
[20]Guo Yong-xing,Zhang Dong-sheng,Zhou Zu-de,et al.Welding-packaged accelerometer based on metal-coated FBG[J].Chinese Optics Letters,2013,11(7):070604.
[21]BAI Sheng-bao,XIAO Ying-chun,HUANG Bo,et al.Research on strain calibration method of fiber Bragg grating sensor[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2016,36(2):321-324.白生宝,肖迎春,黄博,等.FBG传感器应变标定方法[J].振动、测试与诊断,2016,36(2):321-324.
[2] ZHANG Zhong-miao,LIU Jun-wei,YU Feng,et al.Research on plugging effect of jacked prestressed concrete pipe pile[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(8):2274-2280.张忠苗,刘俊伟,俞峰,等.静压预应力混凝土管桩土塞效应试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(8):2274-2280.
[3] LIU Run,GUO Shao-zeng,ZHOU Long,et al.Qussi-static method to evaluate the soil plug effect on a large-diameter steel pipe pile[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2017,(1):20-27.刘润,郭绍曾,周龙,等.大直径钢管桩土塞效应的拟静力判断方法[J].地震工程学报,2017,(1):20-27.
[4] Paik K,Salgado R.Determination of bearing capacity of open-ended piles in sand[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(1):46-57.
[5] Igoe D,Doherty P,Gavin K.The development and testing of an instrumented open-ended model pile[J].2009.
[6] Iskander M.Behavior of pipe piles in sand:plugging&pore-water pressure generation during installation and loading[M].Springer Science&Business Media,2011.
[7] ZHANG Jian-xin,WU Dong-yun.Research on interaction between resistance at pile and lateral resistance of pile[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(2):541-544.张建新,吴东云.桩端阻力与桩侧阻力相互作用研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):541-544.
[8] ZHOU Jian,LI Kui-xing,GUO Jian-jun,et al.Laboratory model tests and particle flow code numerical simulation of pile tip penetration in layered medium[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics Engineering,2012,31(2):375-381.周健,李魁星,郭建军,等.分层介质中桩端刺入的室内模型试验及颗粒流数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(2):375-381.
[9] LI Yu-nong,LI Jing-pei,ZHAO Zhong-fang,et al.Model test research on penetration process of jacked pile in layered soil[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2010,40(6):1409-1414.李雨浓,李镜培,赵仲芳,等.层状地基静压桩贯入过程机理试验[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(6):1409-1414.
[10]PIAO Chun-de,SHI Bin,WEI Guang-qing,et al.Application of distributed fiber optic sensing techniques in bored pile detection[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(7):976-981.朴春德,施斌,魏广庆,等.分布式光纤传感技术在钻孔灌注桩检测中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(7):976-981.
[11]WEI Guang-qing,SHI Bin,YU Xiao-kui,et al.BOTDR based on distributed strain test on bored pile buried in complicated geological ground[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):826-832.魏广庆,施斌,余小奎,等.BOTDR分布式检测技术在复杂地层钻孔灌注桩测试中的应用研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):826-832.
[12] WEI Guang-qing,SHI Bin,JIA Jian-xun,et al.Application of distributed optical fiber sensing to testing inner force of prefabricated piles[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(6):911-916.魏广庆,施斌,贾建勋,等.分布式光纤传感技术在预制桩基桩内力测试中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(6):911-916.
[13]JIANG Hong.PPP-BOTDA distributed fiber optic sensing techniques and its application to pile tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):3190-3195.江宏.PPP-BOTDA分布式光纤传感技术及其在试桩中应用[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3190-3195.
[14]ZHU You-qun,ZHU Hong-hu,SUN Yi-jie,et al.Model experiment study of pipe pile driving into soil using FBGBOTDA sensing monitoring technology[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(sup2):695-702.朱友群,朱鸿鹄,孙义杰,等.FBG-BOTDA联合感测管桩击入土层模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,2014,35(sup2):695-702.
[15]SUN Shi-hui,YU You-long,LI Hui,et al.Detection technique of stress waves based on fiber Bragg grating[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(5):0505002.孙诗惠,余有龙,李慧,等.基于光纤光栅的应力波检测技术研究[J].中国激光,2016,43(5):0505002.
[16]Du Yong,Si Jin-hai,Chen Tao,et al.Quasi-distributed high temperature sensor based on fiber Bragg grating[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2016,53(2):100606.杜勇,司金海,陈涛,等.准分布式光纤布拉格光栅高温传感器[J].激光与光电子学进展,2016,53(2):100606.
[17]GUO Yong-xing,ZHANG Dong-sheng,ZHOU Zu-de,et al.A novel surface-mounted FBG strain sensor and its application in highway bridge engineering[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2014,25(3):435-441.郭永兴,张东生,周祖德,等.表面式FBG应变传感器及其在高速公路桥梁工程中的应用[J].光电子·激光,2014,25(3):435-441.
[18]ZHANG Zheng-lin,WANG Yuan,Li Xiao-lei,et al.Study on the application of FBG sensing technology in monitoring slope stability[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2016,27(8):838-844.章征林,王源,李小雷,等.FBG传感技术在边坡稳定性监测中的应用[J].光电子·激光,2016,27(8):838-844.
[19]LI Jian-zhi,SUN Bao-chen,DU Yan-liang.Union self-compensated packaging of FBG strain sensor[J].Optoelectronics Letters,2014,10:30-33.
[20]Guo Yong-xing,Zhang Dong-sheng,Zhou Zu-de,et al.Welding-packaged accelerometer based on metal-coated FBG[J].Chinese Optics Letters,2013,11(7):070604.
[21]BAI Sheng-bao,XIAO Ying-chun,HUANG Bo,et al.Research on strain calibration method of fiber Bragg grating sensor[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2016,36(2):321-324.白生宝,肖迎春,黄博,等.FBG传感器应变标定方法[J].振动、测试与诊断,2016,36(2):321-324.