论吴三桂降清的必然性与偶然性
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摘要
吴三桂降清事件的发生直接决定了明亡后中国王朝的历史去向,这一事件的发生有其必然性和偶然性。就其必然性来说,吴三桂身处腹背受敌、寡不敌众的险恶环境,要想保住性命投降是必然的;吴三桂在大顺对其变抚为剿、大军兵临城门的情况下,投降于清也是必然的。就其偶然性而言,李自成实行追赃助饷政策时未能善待吴氏一家,导致吴三桂降而复叛,间接将吴三桂推向了清军一方。
The event of Wu Sangui's surrendering to the Qing regime directly determines the development of Chinese dynasty's development after the demise of the Ming Dynasty. The occurrence of this event has its inevitability and certain contingency. For its inevitability,firstly,Wu Sangui was surrounded and outnumbered by the enemies in perilous environment. In order to survive,he would like to surrender. In terms of contingency,Li Zicheng failed to treat Wu's family in a kind way while collecting illicit money as military aid,which caused Wu to revel against him. This makes an indirect cause for Wu's surrendering to the Qing Regime.
The event of Wu Sangui's surrendering to the Qing regime directly determines the development of Chinese dynasty's development after the demise of the Ming Dynasty. The occurrence of this event has its inevitability and certain contingency. For its inevitability,firstly,Wu Sangui was surrounded and outnumbered by the enemies in perilous environment. In order to survive,he would like to surrender. In terms of contingency,Li Zicheng failed to treat Wu's family in a kind way while collecting illicit money as military aid,which caused Wu to revel against him. This makes an indirect cause for Wu's surrendering to the Qing Regime.
引文
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[2]计六奇.明季北略[M].北京:中华书局,1984.
[3]吴伟业.吴梅村全集(上)[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1990.
[4]曾磊,赵士第.松锦之战后的明朝辽东防线[J].哈尔滨学院学报,2015,(6).
[5]刘健述.近代中国史料丛刊三编·第26辑·庭闻录[M].台北:文海出版社,1987.
[6]中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局.马克思恩格斯全集:第三十三卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1973.