不同钾肥及其施用对贵州一熟区马铃薯生产性状与肥料利用率的影响
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摘要
为贵州一熟区马铃薯高产栽培和高效利用钾肥提供理论依据,采用田间随机区组试验研究2种来源钾肥(硫酸钾和氯化钾)和适当减钾量对马铃薯生长、产量、经济效益及钾肥利用率的影响。结果表明:贵州一熟区马铃薯基施等钾量硫酸钾和氯化钾,马铃薯产量无显著差异;高肥力黄壤钾肥用量可降低10%,硫酸钾宜作马铃薯追肥分期追施,氯化钾宜分期基施和追施;低肥力黄壤维持常规钾肥用量(150 K_2O kg/hm~2),施用氯化钾产投比更高(为3.79);高、低肥力地块钾肥的农学效率、生理效率和当季利用率均较高,分别达25.98~33.34,46.80~78.85 kg/kg和41.74%~56.70%。
The effects of potassium sulfate,potassium chloride and proper potassium deduction amount on potato growth,yield,economic benefit and potassium utilization rate were studied by the randomized block design to provide the theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation and efficient potassium utilization in potato production in single cropping region of Guizhou.Results: The potato yield is no significant difference between potassium sulfate and potassium chloride under the same potassium amount.The potassium fertilizer application amount in yellow soil with a high fertility can be decreased by 10 %.Potassium sulfate is suitably used as topdressing by stages but potassium chloride is suitably used as basal application and topdressing by stages.The input-output ratio of potato planted in yellow soil with a lower soil fertility reaches 3.79 under applying potassium chloride based on the application amount of the convention potassium( 150 K2 O kg/hm2).The agronomic efficiency,physiological efficiency and current utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer in soils with lower and higher fertility is up to 25.98- 33.34,46.80- 78.85 kg/kg and 41.74 %- 56.70 %,separately.
The effects of potassium sulfate,potassium chloride and proper potassium deduction amount on potato growth,yield,economic benefit and potassium utilization rate were studied by the randomized block design to provide the theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation and efficient potassium utilization in potato production in single cropping region of Guizhou.Results: The potato yield is no significant difference between potassium sulfate and potassium chloride under the same potassium amount.The potassium fertilizer application amount in yellow soil with a high fertility can be decreased by 10 %.Potassium sulfate is suitably used as topdressing by stages but potassium chloride is suitably used as basal application and topdressing by stages.The input-output ratio of potato planted in yellow soil with a lower soil fertility reaches 3.79 under applying potassium chloride based on the application amount of the convention potassium( 150 K2 O kg/hm2).The agronomic efficiency,physiological efficiency and current utilization efficiency of potassium fertilizer in soils with lower and higher fertility is up to 25.98- 33.34,46.80- 78.85 kg/kg and 41.74 %- 56.70 %,separately.
引文
[1]陈防,张过师.全球及中国的钾肥资源与消费需求展望[A]//中国植物营养与肥料学会[C].中国植物营养与肥料学会2014年学术年会论文集,2014:13-17.
[2]王利,陈防,万开元.植物钾效率及其评价的研究进展与展望[J].土壤,2010,42(2):164-170.
[3]姜存仓,王运华,鲁剑巍,等.不同棉花品种苗期钾效率差异的初步探讨[J].棉花学报,2004,16(3):162-165.
[4]刘建祥,杨肖娥,吴良欢,等.低钾胁迫对水稻叶片光合功能的影响及其基因型差异[J].作物学报,2001,27(6):1000-1006.
[5]邹春琴,李振声,李继云.钾利用效率不同的小麦品种各生育期钾营养特点[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(3):340-344.
[6]齐鑫,韩成,盛学斌,等.钾硅钙微孔矿物肥对褐潮土水稻生长及土壤性状的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):258-264.
[7]陈防,郑圣先.我国南方作物高效施钾技术的研究进展[J].土壤肥料,2004(6):28-32.
[8]赵雪君,石瑛.施钾量对马铃薯块茎钾素吸收积累的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(10):50-54.
[9]陈旭晖.贵州土壤养分含量的变化与施肥管理[J].植物营养与肥科学报,2001,7(2):121-128.
[10]http://news.xinhuanet.com/food/2015-01/07/c-127364953.htm.
[11]肖厚军,孙锐锋,苟久兰,等.贵州不同海拔地区马铃薯施用氮磷钾肥的效应[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(9):58-60.
[12]赵欢,刘海,何佳芳,等.不同肥料组合对马铃薯产量、生物性状和土壤肥力的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(12):110-114.
[13]赵欢,芶久兰,何佳芳,等.钾肥对马铃薯干物质积累、钾素吸收及利用效率的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(2):644-649.
[14]何佳芳,孙芳,孙锐锋,等.不同氮钾水平对马铃薯产量及钾素吸收的影响[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(2):562-565.
[15]赵欢,芶久兰,赵伦学,等.贵州旱作耕地钾素状况与钾肥效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):277-285.
[16]刘藜,孙锐锋,肖厚军,等.马铃薯施含氯化肥及不同磷、钾肥效应研究[J].贵州农业科学,2012,30(5):64-67.
[2]王利,陈防,万开元.植物钾效率及其评价的研究进展与展望[J].土壤,2010,42(2):164-170.
[3]姜存仓,王运华,鲁剑巍,等.不同棉花品种苗期钾效率差异的初步探讨[J].棉花学报,2004,16(3):162-165.
[4]刘建祥,杨肖娥,吴良欢,等.低钾胁迫对水稻叶片光合功能的影响及其基因型差异[J].作物学报,2001,27(6):1000-1006.
[5]邹春琴,李振声,李继云.钾利用效率不同的小麦品种各生育期钾营养特点[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(3):340-344.
[6]齐鑫,韩成,盛学斌,等.钾硅钙微孔矿物肥对褐潮土水稻生长及土壤性状的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):258-264.
[7]陈防,郑圣先.我国南方作物高效施钾技术的研究进展[J].土壤肥料,2004(6):28-32.
[8]赵雪君,石瑛.施钾量对马铃薯块茎钾素吸收积累的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(10):50-54.
[9]陈旭晖.贵州土壤养分含量的变化与施肥管理[J].植物营养与肥科学报,2001,7(2):121-128.
[10]http://news.xinhuanet.com/food/2015-01/07/c-127364953.htm.
[11]肖厚军,孙锐锋,苟久兰,等.贵州不同海拔地区马铃薯施用氮磷钾肥的效应[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(9):58-60.
[12]赵欢,刘海,何佳芳,等.不同肥料组合对马铃薯产量、生物性状和土壤肥力的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(12):110-114.
[13]赵欢,芶久兰,何佳芳,等.钾肥对马铃薯干物质积累、钾素吸收及利用效率的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(2):644-649.
[14]何佳芳,孙芳,孙锐锋,等.不同氮钾水平对马铃薯产量及钾素吸收的影响[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(2):562-565.
[15]赵欢,芶久兰,赵伦学,等.贵州旱作耕地钾素状况与钾肥效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):277-285.
[16]刘藜,孙锐锋,肖厚军,等.马铃薯施含氯化肥及不同磷、钾肥效应研究[J].贵州农业科学,2012,30(5):64-67.