社会资本对多维贫困的影响研究——来自陕西省延安市513个退耕农户的微观调查数据
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摘要
研究生态脆弱区多维贫困的产生原因及影响机理,对农村地区减贫和长期可持续发展具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文以黄土高原退耕还林区为例,对农户的多维贫困进行了测度和识别,并利用微观调查数据和Probit、Tobit模型,实证研究了社会资本对贫困地区农户多维贫困的影响。研究表明,黄土高原退耕还林区农户贫困发生率较高,37. 82%的农户陷入多维贫困,25. 93%的农户收入维度贫困;社会网络、社会信任、社会参与均对多维贫困指数和多维贫困识别有显著的负向影响;社会声望对多维贫困识别影响显著,但对多维贫困指数影响不显著;总社会资本量能显著抑制农户多维贫困的发生概率和减轻贫困程度。此外,家庭成员是否居住在一起对农户多维贫困产生负向影响,相对于男性为户主的家庭,女性户主家庭更易产生贫困缺失。
Studying the cause and influencing mechanism of multidimensional poverty in ecofragile area is theoretically and practically important to the poverty alleviation and sustainable development in rural areas. Taking the area of implementing Grain for Green Program in Loess Plateau as an example,this paper measured and identified the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers and studied how the social capital influenced on multidimensional poverty by using the micro survey data and Probit,Tobit model. The results showed that farmer households in the area of implementing Grain for Green Program in Loess Plateau had a higher incidence rate of poverty,of which 37.82%households fell in multidimensional poverty,while 25.93% of them were poor in terms of income;Social network,social trust and social participation had significantly negative impacts on both multidimensional poverty index and multidimensional poverty identification; Social prestige had significant negative impact on multidimensional poverty identification,while had no significant impact on multidimensional poverty index. Total social capital could significantly reduce the possibility of occurring multidimensional poverty and decrease the poverty intensity. Moreover,whether the family member live together negatively influenced on multidimensional poverty. Comparing with female-headed families,male-headed families were less possible to fall into poverty.
Studying the cause and influencing mechanism of multidimensional poverty in ecofragile area is theoretically and practically important to the poverty alleviation and sustainable development in rural areas. Taking the area of implementing Grain for Green Program in Loess Plateau as an example,this paper measured and identified the multi-dimensional poverty of farmers and studied how the social capital influenced on multidimensional poverty by using the micro survey data and Probit,Tobit model. The results showed that farmer households in the area of implementing Grain for Green Program in Loess Plateau had a higher incidence rate of poverty,of which 37.82%households fell in multidimensional poverty,while 25.93% of them were poor in terms of income;Social network,social trust and social participation had significantly negative impacts on both multidimensional poverty index and multidimensional poverty identification; Social prestige had significant negative impact on multidimensional poverty identification,while had no significant impact on multidimensional poverty index. Total social capital could significantly reduce the possibility of occurring multidimensional poverty and decrease the poverty intensity. Moreover,whether the family member live together negatively influenced on multidimensional poverty. Comparing with female-headed families,male-headed families were less possible to fall into poverty.
引文
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2.Hagenaars,A.A Class of Poverty Indices.International Economic Review,1987
2.Sen,Amartya.Development as Freedom.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1999
3.Alkire S,Foster J.Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement.Journal of Public Economics,2012,95(7):476~487
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5.Granovetter,M.Economic action and social structure:the problem of embeddedness.American Journal of Sociology,1985,91(3):481~510
6.Uslaner,E.M.,and Conley,R.S..Civic engagement and particularized trust.American Politics Research,2003,31(4):331~360
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9.Kramer RM,Tyler TR(Eds.).Trust in Organizations.Frontiers of Theory and Research,1996:1~15
10.Tobin,J..Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables.Econometrica,1958,26(1):24~36
11.马奔,丁慧敏,温亚利.生物多样性保护对多维贫困的影响研究---基于中国7省保护区周边社区数据.农业技术经济,2017(4):116~128
12.万君,张琦.绿色减贫:贫困治理的路径与模式.中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,34(5):79~86
13.刘彬彬,陆迁,李晓平.社会资本与贫困地区农户收入---基于门槛回归模型的检验.农业技术经济,2014(11):40~51
14.石智雷,邹蔚然.库区农户的多维贫困及致贫机理分析.农业经济问题,2013,34(6):61~69,111
15.高帅.社会地位、收入与多维贫困的动态演变---基于能力剥夺视角的分析.上海财经大学学报,2015,17(3):32~40,49
16.马瑜,李政宵,马敏.中国老年多维贫困的测度和致贫因素---基于社区和家庭的分层研究.经济问题,2016(10):27~33
17.尚卫平,姚智谋.多维贫困测度方法研究.财经研究,2005(12):88~94
18.王小林,Sabina Alkire.中国多维贫困测量:估计和政策含义.中国农村经济,2009(12):4~10,23
19.郭建宇,吴国宝.基于不同指标及权重选择的多维贫困测量---以山西省贫困县为例.中国农村经济,2012(2):12~20
20.邹薇.我国现阶段能力贫困状况及根源---基于多维度动态测度研究的分析.人民论坛·学术前沿,2012(5):48~56
21.侯卉,王娜,王丹青.中国城镇多维贫困的测度.城市发展研究,2012,19(12):123~128
22.邹薇,方迎风.关于中国贫困的动态多维度研究.中国人口科学,2011(6):49~59,111
23.王春超,叶琴.中国农民工多维贫困的演进---基于收入与教育维度的考察.经济研究,2014,49(12):159~174
24.张爽,陆铭,章元.社会资本的作用随市场化进程减弱还是加强?---来自中国农村贫困的实证研究.经济学(季刊),2007(2):539~560
25.郭熙保,周强.长期多维贫困、不平等与致贫因素.经济研究,2016,51(6):143~156
26.谭燕芝,张子豪.社会网络、非正规金融与农户多维贫困.财经研究,2017,43(3):43~56
27.周晔馨.社会资本是穷人的资本吗?---基于中国农户收入的经验证据.管理世界,2012(7):83~95
28.叶静怡,周晔馨.社会资本转换与农民工收入---来自北京农民工调查的证据.管理世界,2010(10):34~46
29.周晔馨,叶静怡.社会资本在减轻农村贫困中的作用:文献述评与研究展望.南方经济,2014(7):35~57
30.王春超,周先波.社会资本能影响农民工收入吗?---基于有序响应收入模型的估计和检验.管理世界,2013(9):55~68,101,187
31.周广肃,樊纲,申广军.收入差距、社会资本与健康水平---基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的实证分析.管理世界,2014(7):12~21,51,187
32.赵延东,洪岩璧.社会资本与教育获得---网络资源与社会闭合的视角.社会学研究,2012,27(5):47~69,243,244
33.章元,陆铭.社会网络是否有助于提高农民工的工资水平?管理世界,2009(3):45~54
34.何国俊,徐冲,祝成才.人力资本、社会资本与农村迁移劳动力的工资决定.农业技术经济,2008(1):57~66
35.马得勇.社会资本:对若干理论争议的批判分析.政治学研究,2008(5):74~81
36.张全红,周强.中国贫困测度的多维方法和实证应用.中国软科学,2015(7):29~41
37.安素霞.社会资本对人力资本的整合效应.中国人口科学,2005(S1):111~114
38.武岩,胡必亮.社会资本与中国农民工收入差距.中国人口科学,2014(6):50~61,127
39.张力舟.社会资本视角下贫困家庭的收入效应研究.西南财经大学,2012
40.丁冬,王秀华,郑风田.社会资本、农户福利与贫困---基于河南省农户调查数据.中国人口.资源与环境,2013,23(7):122~128
41.胡金焱,张博.社会网络、民间融资与家庭创业---基于中国城乡差异的实证分析.金融研究,2014(10):148~163
42.张建杰.农户社会资本及对其信贷行为的影响---基于河南省397户农户调查的实证分析.农业经济问题,2008(9):28~34,111
43.罗必良.现代农业发展理论.中国农业出版社,2009
44.马得勇.乡村社会资本的政治效应---基于中国20个乡镇的比较研究.经济社会体制比较,2013(6):91~106
45.尉建文,赵延东.权力还是声望?---社会资本测量的争论与验证.社会学研究,2011,26(3):64~83,244
46.陈琦.连片特困地区农村贫困的多维测量及政策意涵---以武陵山片区为例.四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),2012,39(3):58~63
47.杨晶.多维视角下农村贫困的测度与分析.华东经济管理,2014,28(9):33~38
48.高艳云.中国城乡多维贫困的测度及比较.统计研究,2012,29(11):61~66
(1)详见陕西省扶贫开发办公室网站:http://www. shaanxifpb. gov. cn/newstyle/pub_newsshow. asp? id=29014928&chid=100203
2.Hagenaars,A.A Class of Poverty Indices.International Economic Review,1987
2.Sen,Amartya.Development as Freedom.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1999
3.Alkire S,Foster J.Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement.Journal of Public Economics,2012,95(7):476~487
4.Portes A.Economic Sociology and the Sociology of Immigration:A Conceptual Overview.New York:Russell Sage Foundation,1995
5.Granovetter,M.Economic action and social structure:the problem of embeddedness.American Journal of Sociology,1985,91(3):481~510
6.Uslaner,E.M.,and Conley,R.S..Civic engagement and particularized trust.American Politics Research,2003,31(4):331~360
7.Fukuyama F.Trust:Social virtues and the creation of prosperity.London:Hamish Hamilton.,1995
8.Putnam RD.The prosperous community:Social capital and public life.American Prospect,1993,13:35~42
9.Kramer RM,Tyler TR(Eds.).Trust in Organizations.Frontiers of Theory and Research,1996:1~15
10.Tobin,J..Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables.Econometrica,1958,26(1):24~36
11.马奔,丁慧敏,温亚利.生物多样性保护对多维贫困的影响研究---基于中国7省保护区周边社区数据.农业技术经济,2017(4):116~128
12.万君,张琦.绿色减贫:贫困治理的路径与模式.中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,34(5):79~86
13.刘彬彬,陆迁,李晓平.社会资本与贫困地区农户收入---基于门槛回归模型的检验.农业技术经济,2014(11):40~51
14.石智雷,邹蔚然.库区农户的多维贫困及致贫机理分析.农业经济问题,2013,34(6):61~69,111
15.高帅.社会地位、收入与多维贫困的动态演变---基于能力剥夺视角的分析.上海财经大学学报,2015,17(3):32~40,49
16.马瑜,李政宵,马敏.中国老年多维贫困的测度和致贫因素---基于社区和家庭的分层研究.经济问题,2016(10):27~33
17.尚卫平,姚智谋.多维贫困测度方法研究.财经研究,2005(12):88~94
18.王小林,Sabina Alkire.中国多维贫困测量:估计和政策含义.中国农村经济,2009(12):4~10,23
19.郭建宇,吴国宝.基于不同指标及权重选择的多维贫困测量---以山西省贫困县为例.中国农村经济,2012(2):12~20
20.邹薇.我国现阶段能力贫困状况及根源---基于多维度动态测度研究的分析.人民论坛·学术前沿,2012(5):48~56
21.侯卉,王娜,王丹青.中国城镇多维贫困的测度.城市发展研究,2012,19(12):123~128
22.邹薇,方迎风.关于中国贫困的动态多维度研究.中国人口科学,2011(6):49~59,111
23.王春超,叶琴.中国农民工多维贫困的演进---基于收入与教育维度的考察.经济研究,2014,49(12):159~174
24.张爽,陆铭,章元.社会资本的作用随市场化进程减弱还是加强?---来自中国农村贫困的实证研究.经济学(季刊),2007(2):539~560
25.郭熙保,周强.长期多维贫困、不平等与致贫因素.经济研究,2016,51(6):143~156
26.谭燕芝,张子豪.社会网络、非正规金融与农户多维贫困.财经研究,2017,43(3):43~56
27.周晔馨.社会资本是穷人的资本吗?---基于中国农户收入的经验证据.管理世界,2012(7):83~95
28.叶静怡,周晔馨.社会资本转换与农民工收入---来自北京农民工调查的证据.管理世界,2010(10):34~46
29.周晔馨,叶静怡.社会资本在减轻农村贫困中的作用:文献述评与研究展望.南方经济,2014(7):35~57
30.王春超,周先波.社会资本能影响农民工收入吗?---基于有序响应收入模型的估计和检验.管理世界,2013(9):55~68,101,187
31.周广肃,樊纲,申广军.收入差距、社会资本与健康水平---基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的实证分析.管理世界,2014(7):12~21,51,187
32.赵延东,洪岩璧.社会资本与教育获得---网络资源与社会闭合的视角.社会学研究,2012,27(5):47~69,243,244
33.章元,陆铭.社会网络是否有助于提高农民工的工资水平?管理世界,2009(3):45~54
34.何国俊,徐冲,祝成才.人力资本、社会资本与农村迁移劳动力的工资决定.农业技术经济,2008(1):57~66
35.马得勇.社会资本:对若干理论争议的批判分析.政治学研究,2008(5):74~81
36.张全红,周强.中国贫困测度的多维方法和实证应用.中国软科学,2015(7):29~41
37.安素霞.社会资本对人力资本的整合效应.中国人口科学,2005(S1):111~114
38.武岩,胡必亮.社会资本与中国农民工收入差距.中国人口科学,2014(6):50~61,127
39.张力舟.社会资本视角下贫困家庭的收入效应研究.西南财经大学,2012
40.丁冬,王秀华,郑风田.社会资本、农户福利与贫困---基于河南省农户调查数据.中国人口.资源与环境,2013,23(7):122~128
41.胡金焱,张博.社会网络、民间融资与家庭创业---基于中国城乡差异的实证分析.金融研究,2014(10):148~163
42.张建杰.农户社会资本及对其信贷行为的影响---基于河南省397户农户调查的实证分析.农业经济问题,2008(9):28~34,111
43.罗必良.现代农业发展理论.中国农业出版社,2009
44.马得勇.乡村社会资本的政治效应---基于中国20个乡镇的比较研究.经济社会体制比较,2013(6):91~106
45.尉建文,赵延东.权力还是声望?---社会资本测量的争论与验证.社会学研究,2011,26(3):64~83,244
46.陈琦.连片特困地区农村贫困的多维测量及政策意涵---以武陵山片区为例.四川师范大学学报(社会科学版),2012,39(3):58~63
47.杨晶.多维视角下农村贫困的测度与分析.华东经济管理,2014,28(9):33~38
48.高艳云.中国城乡多维贫困的测度及比较.统计研究,2012,29(11):61~66
(1)详见陕西省扶贫开发办公室网站:http://www. shaanxifpb. gov. cn/newstyle/pub_newsshow. asp? id=29014928&chid=100203