不同缓控释氮肥对连作春玉米产量及氮肥去向的影响
|
摘要
在山西省连作春玉米区连续4年设置大田定位试验,设置不施氮肥(CK)、一次性基施尿素(CU1)、追施尿素(CU2)、树脂包膜尿素(PCU)、硫包衣尿素(SCU)、多酶金缓释尿素(MEU)6个施肥处理,研究施用缓控释氮肥对春玉米产量、氮肥去向及氮素平衡的影响,为春玉米氮素养分的科学管理技术提供参考。结果表明:(1)缓控释氮肥处理能够明显提高春玉米产量,促进氮素吸收。与CU1处理相比,SCU、MEU、PCU和CU2处理可分别提高春玉米产量17.51%,9.88%,9.62%,9.48%,同时氮肥农学利用效率分别提高7.5,4.2,4.1,4.1 kg/kg。(2)不同缓控释氮肥处理的作物吸收肥料氮以及肥料氮在0—100 cm土层残留量之间存在显著差异。SCU、MEU、PCU、CU2和CU1的氮肥表观利用率分别为36.1%,32.5%,26.5%,26.7%,19.5%,肥料氮在0—100 cm土层残留量分别占施氮量的28.5%,31.6%,35.7%,35.5%,39.1%。此外,与一次性基施尿素相比,缓控释氮肥能够显著降低肥料氮的损失,SCU、MEU、PCU和CU2分别降低了22.65%,18.81%,8.99%,8.47%。(3)综合分析不同氮肥处理的农田氮素平衡,SCU处理的春玉米吸氮量最高,为261.5 kg/hm~2,其次是MEU,为253.5 kg/hm~2。SCU的0—100 cm土层残留量在缓控释氮肥中最低,为124.1 kg/hm~2,MEU和PCU分别为131.04,140.09 kg/hm~2。SCU处理的氮表观损失量最低,为106.3 kg/hm~2,MEU和PCU分别为111.6,125.1 kg/hm~2。在山西省春玉米主产区土壤上,缓控释氮肥能够显著促进春玉米对氮素的吸收,减少氮素损失。硫包衣尿素和多酶金缓释尿素的效果相对较好。
A field positioning experiment was conducted in spring maize continuous cropping area of Shanxi Province for four consecutive years, which included six fertilization treatments: No application of nitrogen fertilizer(CK), one-time basal application of urea(CU1), topdressing of urea(CU2), resin coated urea(PCU), sulfur coated urea(SCU) and multi-enzyme gold sustained-release urea(MEU). It was set up to study the effects of slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizers on spring maize yield, consumption of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen balance to provide reference for scientific management technology of spring maize nitrogen nutrition. The results showed that:(1) Slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatment could significantly increase spring maize yield and promote nitrogen uptake. Compared with CU1, SCU, MEU, PCU and CU2 increased the yield of spring maize by 17.51%, 9.88%, 9.62% and 9.48%, respectively, while the agricultural utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was increased by 7.5, 4.2, 4.1 and 4.1 kg/kg, respectively.(2) There were significant differences in the uptake of fertilizer nitrogen by crops and the residual amount of fertilizer nitrogen in 0—100 cm soil layer with different fertilizers. Apparent use efficiency of nitrogen of SCU, MEU, PCU, CU2 and CU1 were 36.1%, 32.5%, 26.5%, 26.7% and 19.5%, respectively. Residual fertilizer nitrogen in 0—100 cm soil layer accounted for 28.5%, 31.6%, 35.7%, 35.5% and 39.1% of the nitrogen application, respectively. Additionally, compared with one-off urea application, slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer could significantly reduce the loss of fertilizer nitrogen, by 22.65%, 18.81%, 8.99% and 8.47% for SCU, MEU, PCU and CU2 respectively.(3) Comprehensive analysis of nitrogen balance in different treatments showed that the SCU had the highest nitrogen uptake, 261.5 kg/hm~2, followed by MEU, 253.5 kg/hm~2. The residues amount in 0—100 cm soil layer in SCU was the lowest among the slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatments, 124.1 kg/hm~2, and 131.04 kg/hm~2 for MEU and 140.09 kg/hm~2 for PCU. The apparent loss of nitrogen in SCU was the lowest, 106.3 kg/hm~2, and 111.6 kg/hm~2 for MEU and 125.1 kg/hm~2 for PCU. In the soil of main spring maize producing areas in Shanxi Province, slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer could significantly promote the absorption of nitrogen and reduce nitrogen loss. Sulfur coated urea and multi-enzyme gold sustained-release urea have relatively good effects.
A field positioning experiment was conducted in spring maize continuous cropping area of Shanxi Province for four consecutive years, which included six fertilization treatments: No application of nitrogen fertilizer(CK), one-time basal application of urea(CU1), topdressing of urea(CU2), resin coated urea(PCU), sulfur coated urea(SCU) and multi-enzyme gold sustained-release urea(MEU). It was set up to study the effects of slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizers on spring maize yield, consumption of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen balance to provide reference for scientific management technology of spring maize nitrogen nutrition. The results showed that:(1) Slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatment could significantly increase spring maize yield and promote nitrogen uptake. Compared with CU1, SCU, MEU, PCU and CU2 increased the yield of spring maize by 17.51%, 9.88%, 9.62% and 9.48%, respectively, while the agricultural utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was increased by 7.5, 4.2, 4.1 and 4.1 kg/kg, respectively.(2) There were significant differences in the uptake of fertilizer nitrogen by crops and the residual amount of fertilizer nitrogen in 0—100 cm soil layer with different fertilizers. Apparent use efficiency of nitrogen of SCU, MEU, PCU, CU2 and CU1 were 36.1%, 32.5%, 26.5%, 26.7% and 19.5%, respectively. Residual fertilizer nitrogen in 0—100 cm soil layer accounted for 28.5%, 31.6%, 35.7%, 35.5% and 39.1% of the nitrogen application, respectively. Additionally, compared with one-off urea application, slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer could significantly reduce the loss of fertilizer nitrogen, by 22.65%, 18.81%, 8.99% and 8.47% for SCU, MEU, PCU and CU2 respectively.(3) Comprehensive analysis of nitrogen balance in different treatments showed that the SCU had the highest nitrogen uptake, 261.5 kg/hm~2, followed by MEU, 253.5 kg/hm~2. The residues amount in 0—100 cm soil layer in SCU was the lowest among the slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatments, 124.1 kg/hm~2, and 131.04 kg/hm~2 for MEU and 140.09 kg/hm~2 for PCU. The apparent loss of nitrogen in SCU was the lowest, 106.3 kg/hm~2, and 111.6 kg/hm~2 for MEU and 125.1 kg/hm~2 for PCU. In the soil of main spring maize producing areas in Shanxi Province, slow controlled release nitrogen fertilizer could significantly promote the absorption of nitrogen and reduce nitrogen loss. Sulfur coated urea and multi-enzyme gold sustained-release urea have relatively good effects.
引文
[1] 姬景红,李玉影,刘双全,等.控释尿素对春玉米产量、氮效率及氮素平衡的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2017,34(2):153-160.
[2] 周丽平,杨俐苹,白由路,等.夏玉米施用不同缓释化处理氮肥的效果及氮肥去向[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(8):1527-1536.
[3] Mosisa W,Marianne B,Gunda S,et al.Nitrogen uptake and utilization in contrasting nitrogen efficient tropical maize hybrids [J].Crop Science,2007,47(2):519-528.
[4] 薛高峰,张贵龙,孙焱鑫,等.包膜控释尿素(追施)对冬小麦生长发育及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(2):377-384.
[5] 卢艳丽,白由路,王磊,等.华北小麦-玉米轮作区缓控释肥应用效果分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):209-215.
[6] 衣文平,孙哲,武良,等.包膜控释尿素与普通尿素配施对冬小麦生长发育及土壤硝态氮的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(3):687-693.
[7] 杜君,孙克刚,张云红,等.控释尿素对水稻生理特性、氮肥利用率及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,33(2):134-141.
[8] 徐明岗,李菊香,李东初,等.控释氮肥对双季水稻生长及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):1010-1015.
[9] 陈剑秋.几种新型缓控释肥工艺及养分释放特征研究[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[10] 王晓巍,蒯佳林,刘晓静,等.4种缓控释氮肥在不同环境条件下的养分释放特性的研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(2):332-337.
[11] 魏海燕,李宏亮,程金秋,等.缓释肥类型与运筹对不同穗型水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(5):730-740.
[12] 郑沛,宋付朋,马富亮.硫膜与树脂膜控释尿素对小麦不同生育时期土壤氮素的调控及其产量效应[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):122-127.
[13] 马忠明,杜少平,薛亮,等.NPK养分配比与NAM长效剂对旱砂田西瓜生长、品质和养分利用的影响[J].核农学报,2013,27(3):358-364.
[14] 巨晓棠,刘学军,张福锁.冬小麦与夏玉米轮作体系中氮肥效应及氮素平衡研究[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(11):1361-1368.
[15] 冯国忠,王寅,焉莉,等.土壤类型和施氮量对连作春玉米产量及氮素平衡的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):444-455.
[16] 孙晓,景建元,吕慎强,等.不同缓/控释尿素在黄土台塬区春玉米的减量施用效果[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(6):848-855.
[17] 郑雨,李玉影,韩晓日,等.控释氮肥对东北春玉米产量及土壤-作物体系内氮素平衡的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(4):117-122,128.
[18] 张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[19] 樊小林,刘芳,廖照源,等.我国控释肥料研究的现状和展望[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):463-473.
[20] 王寅,冯国忠,张天山,等.控释氮肥与尿素混施对连作春玉米产量、氮素吸收和氮素平衡的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(3):518-528.
[21] 巨晓棠,刘学军,邹国元,等.冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系中氮素的损失途径分析[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(12):1493-1499.
[22] 戴明宏,陶洪斌,王利纳,等.华北平原春玉米种植体系中土壤无机氮的时空变化及盈亏[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(3):417-423.
[23] 钟茜,巨晓棠,张福锁.华北平原小麦/夏玉米轮作体系对氮素环境承受力分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):285-293.
[2] 周丽平,杨俐苹,白由路,等.夏玉米施用不同缓释化处理氮肥的效果及氮肥去向[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(8):1527-1536.
[3] Mosisa W,Marianne B,Gunda S,et al.Nitrogen uptake and utilization in contrasting nitrogen efficient tropical maize hybrids [J].Crop Science,2007,47(2):519-528.
[4] 薛高峰,张贵龙,孙焱鑫,等.包膜控释尿素(追施)对冬小麦生长发育及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(2):377-384.
[5] 卢艳丽,白由路,王磊,等.华北小麦-玉米轮作区缓控释肥应用效果分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):209-215.
[6] 衣文平,孙哲,武良,等.包膜控释尿素与普通尿素配施对冬小麦生长发育及土壤硝态氮的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(3):687-693.
[7] 杜君,孙克刚,张云红,等.控释尿素对水稻生理特性、氮肥利用率及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,33(2):134-141.
[8] 徐明岗,李菊香,李东初,等.控释氮肥对双季水稻生长及氮肥利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(5):1010-1015.
[9] 陈剑秋.几种新型缓控释肥工艺及养分释放特征研究[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[10] 王晓巍,蒯佳林,刘晓静,等.4种缓控释氮肥在不同环境条件下的养分释放特性的研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(2):332-337.
[11] 魏海燕,李宏亮,程金秋,等.缓释肥类型与运筹对不同穗型水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(5):730-740.
[12] 郑沛,宋付朋,马富亮.硫膜与树脂膜控释尿素对小麦不同生育时期土壤氮素的调控及其产量效应[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):122-127.
[13] 马忠明,杜少平,薛亮,等.NPK养分配比与NAM长效剂对旱砂田西瓜生长、品质和养分利用的影响[J].核农学报,2013,27(3):358-364.
[14] 巨晓棠,刘学军,张福锁.冬小麦与夏玉米轮作体系中氮肥效应及氮素平衡研究[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(11):1361-1368.
[15] 冯国忠,王寅,焉莉,等.土壤类型和施氮量对连作春玉米产量及氮素平衡的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):444-455.
[16] 孙晓,景建元,吕慎强,等.不同缓/控释尿素在黄土台塬区春玉米的减量施用效果[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(6):848-855.
[17] 郑雨,李玉影,韩晓日,等.控释氮肥对东北春玉米产量及土壤-作物体系内氮素平衡的影响[J].玉米科学,2017,25(4):117-122,128.
[18] 张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[19] 樊小林,刘芳,廖照源,等.我国控释肥料研究的现状和展望[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):463-473.
[20] 王寅,冯国忠,张天山,等.控释氮肥与尿素混施对连作春玉米产量、氮素吸收和氮素平衡的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(3):518-528.
[21] 巨晓棠,刘学军,邹国元,等.冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系中氮素的损失途径分析[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(12):1493-1499.
[22] 戴明宏,陶洪斌,王利纳,等.华北平原春玉米种植体系中土壤无机氮的时空变化及盈亏[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(3):417-423.
[23] 钟茜,巨晓棠,张福锁.华北平原小麦/夏玉米轮作体系对氮素环境承受力分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(3):285-293.