近36 a贵州降水蒸发差的时空分布特征分析
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摘要
该文利用贵州省284个气象站1980—2015年降水、蒸发资料,应用经验正交函数分解(EOF)方法分析贵州降水蒸发差在时空上的分布特征,结合气候平均状态的分析,结果表明贵州降水蒸发差在时空上的分布具有均衡性,基本上是省西部以负值为主,东部以正值为主,全省各站的平均降水蒸发差为-483.8～412.5 mm;时间演变是正负交替,20世纪80年代后期降水量和蒸发差持续偏少,90年代持续上升的趋势,2000年以后波动较大,基本在1～2 a的变化周期,尤其在2011年降水量和蒸发差达到最低,2014—2015年贵州降水量和蒸发差最大,最大和最小值出现在最近的5 a中。通过对降水蒸发差的分布分析可判断贵州的水分盈亏分布情况,即省的中部以西为负值区,中间有一块正值区域;中部以东以正值区,中间也有一块负值区域;省的东南部与西北部有一对正、负值最大区域。
Using the precipitation and evaporation data of 284 weather stations in Guizhou in 1980—2015, empirical orthogonal function decomposition(EOF) method was applied to analyze the time and space distribution characteristics of poor rainfall evaporation of Guizhou in combined with the climate, the average state of analysis, the results show that poor rainfall evaporation of Guizhou in time and space distribution is uniform, basically is given priority to with negative in western province, eastern mainly comes at a time, the province's average rainfall evaporation stations difference from 483.8 mm to 412.5 mm;Time evolution is plus or minus alternately, in the late 1980 s which is continuous less of rainfall and evaporation is poor, the increasing trend in the 90 s, volatile since 2000, the basic change in 1—2 years period, especially in the precipitation and evaporation in 2011 reached the lowest, 2014—2015, Guizhou poor rainfall and evaporation is the largest, minimum and maximum value appeared in recent 5 years.By analyzing the distribution of precipitation evaporation difference, we can judge the water gain and loss distribution in Guizhou, that is, the west of the central part of the province is a negative area, and there is a positive area in the middle.East of the middle to the positive area, there is also a negative area in the middle;The southeast and northwest provinces have a pair of positive and negative areas.
Using the precipitation and evaporation data of 284 weather stations in Guizhou in 1980—2015, empirical orthogonal function decomposition(EOF) method was applied to analyze the time and space distribution characteristics of poor rainfall evaporation of Guizhou in combined with the climate, the average state of analysis, the results show that poor rainfall evaporation of Guizhou in time and space distribution is uniform, basically is given priority to with negative in western province, eastern mainly comes at a time, the province's average rainfall evaporation stations difference from 483.8 mm to 412.5 mm;Time evolution is plus or minus alternately, in the late 1980 s which is continuous less of rainfall and evaporation is poor, the increasing trend in the 90 s, volatile since 2000, the basic change in 1—2 years period, especially in the precipitation and evaporation in 2011 reached the lowest, 2014—2015, Guizhou poor rainfall and evaporation is the largest, minimum and maximum value appeared in recent 5 years.By analyzing the distribution of precipitation evaporation difference, we can judge the water gain and loss distribution in Guizhou, that is, the west of the central part of the province is a negative area, and there is a positive area in the middle.East of the middle to the positive area, there is also a negative area in the middle;The southeast and northwest provinces have a pair of positive and negative areas.
引文
[1] 郭志萍,赖毅明,马祖胜.紫金县1961—2010年降雨和蒸发量的变化特征[J].广东气象,2012,34(6):26-28.
[2] 周武.阳江地区54年来降雨和和蒸发量的变化特征[J].广东气象,2009,31(1):42-44.
[3] 吴文娟,王刚,黄丕新,等.近50 a海口市降水量和蒸发量变化[J].气象研究与应用,2009,30(1):19-22.
[4] 周连童,黄荣辉.华北地区降水、蒸发和降水蒸发差的时空变化特征[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(3):280-295.
[5] 吴初梅,何鹏,戴平凤.蒸发量季节变化特点与干旱发生关系的初步分析[J].气象研究与应用,2008,29(3):8-11.
[6] 曾思亮,曾钦文,林珊珊,等.近55年龙川县降水蒸发差的变化特征[J].广东水利水电,2016(7):13-15.
[7] 郭小娇,龚晓萍,汤庆佳,等.典型岩溶山坡土壤剖面水分对降雨响应过程研究[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(6):629-638.
[8] 尚晓三,王栋.贵州典型岩溶流域日降雨径流过程模拟研究[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):43-49.
[9] 黄晓俊,夏恒,杨明,等.近40 a贵定县可利用降水资源特征及变化[J].贵州气象,2010,34(4):18-20.
[10]冯禹,崔宁博,徐燕梅,等.贵州省干旱时空分布特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(8):82-86.
[2] 周武.阳江地区54年来降雨和和蒸发量的变化特征[J].广东气象,2009,31(1):42-44.
[3] 吴文娟,王刚,黄丕新,等.近50 a海口市降水量和蒸发量变化[J].气象研究与应用,2009,30(1):19-22.
[4] 周连童,黄荣辉.华北地区降水、蒸发和降水蒸发差的时空变化特征[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(3):280-295.
[5] 吴初梅,何鹏,戴平凤.蒸发量季节变化特点与干旱发生关系的初步分析[J].气象研究与应用,2008,29(3):8-11.
[6] 曾思亮,曾钦文,林珊珊,等.近55年龙川县降水蒸发差的变化特征[J].广东水利水电,2016(7):13-15.
[7] 郭小娇,龚晓萍,汤庆佳,等.典型岩溶山坡土壤剖面水分对降雨响应过程研究[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(6):629-638.
[8] 尚晓三,王栋.贵州典型岩溶流域日降雨径流过程模拟研究[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(1):43-49.
[9] 黄晓俊,夏恒,杨明,等.近40 a贵定县可利用降水资源特征及变化[J].贵州气象,2010,34(4):18-20.
[10]冯禹,崔宁博,徐燕梅,等.贵州省干旱时空分布特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(8):82-86.