雍正名臣赵弘恩生平考述——兼论雍乾政局变换的政治影响
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摘要
雍正朝名臣赵弘恩,任湖广襄阳道时,重修位于襄阳府的隆中和校士馆,受到当地士民称赞。任湖南岳常道时"官声大好",仅用五年升至二品巡抚。在湖南巡抚任上,赵弘恩统率官兵"开辟"六里苗疆;在两江总督任上政绩突出,备受雍正皇帝宠信。但是,随着乾隆帝施政方针的巨大翻转,赵弘恩仕途滑向低谷,屡遭厄运。其悲剧命运产生的根本原因在于主政严急,与乾隆皇帝"宽严相济"的治国之道背道而驰。
Zhao Hongen,with a family background of the Han Army of the Eight Banners,has been known as renowned official during YongZheng period of Qing dynasty. Reconstruction of Long Zhong relic and Examination Office in XiangYang was one of contributions of Zhao when he was the XiangYang Taotai of Hu Bei province. His deeds had been highly praised by residents and colleagues,while the latter impressed by his "reputation as a good official". It only took him 5 years when he as promoted as Provincial Governor in HuNan province,when he reclaim the fields called "Liu Li Hong Miao"for cultivation. He had been favored by YongZheng Emperor for what he had done as Viceroy of LiangJiang. However,Zhao 's good luck terminated as the political ideal changed that happened during Qian Long period. It was Zhao's sternness and impatience which contradicted the QianLong Emperor's"Balance between tolerance and sternness"ideal lead to his tragic fate.
Zhao Hongen,with a family background of the Han Army of the Eight Banners,has been known as renowned official during YongZheng period of Qing dynasty. Reconstruction of Long Zhong relic and Examination Office in XiangYang was one of contributions of Zhao when he was the XiangYang Taotai of Hu Bei province. His deeds had been highly praised by residents and colleagues,while the latter impressed by his "reputation as a good official". It only took him 5 years when he as promoted as Provincial Governor in HuNan province,when he reclaim the fields called "Liu Li Hong Miao"for cultivation. He had been favored by YongZheng Emperor for what he had done as Viceroy of LiangJiang. However,Zhao 's good luck terminated as the political ideal changed that happened during Qian Long period. It was Zhao's sternness and impatience which contradicted the QianLong Emperor's"Balance between tolerance and sternness"ideal lead to his tragic fate.
引文
[1]蒋明宏.两江总督赵弘恩略考[J].历史档案,2003,(4).
[2]蒋明宏.雍正后期吏治的一个缩影——赵弘恩督治两江史实初探[J].历史教学问题,2006,(4).
[3]清史稿[M].北京:中华书局,1977:9803-9804.
[4]清史列传[M].北京:中华书局,1987:241-244.
[5]宫中档雍正朝奏折[M].台北:故宫博物院,1979.
[6]清高宗实录[M].北京:中华书局,1985.
[7]清世宗实录[M].北京:中华书局,1985:881-882.
(1)赵璟:《初修家谱叙》,载赵弘恩:《赵氏家谱》,乾隆刻本,国家图书馆藏。下同。
(2)赵弘恩:《赵氏家谱》,乾隆刻本。
(3)赵弘恩:《赵氏家谱·重修家谱序》,乾隆刻本。
(4)赵弘恩:《玉华集·玉华堂杂著·答友人书》,雍正十二年刻本,北京大学图书馆藏。下同。
(5)赵弘恩:《赵氏家谱·重修家谱序》,乾隆刻本。
(6)赵弘恩:《玉华集·玉华堂杂著·先太夫人行述》,雍正十二年刻本。
(7)赵弘恩:《玉华集·玉华堂杂著·题?定西侯李公家传?后》,雍正十二年刻本。
(1)赵弘恩:《玉华集·玉华堂杂著·重修隆中碑文》,雍正十二年刻本。
(2)赵弘恩:《玉华集·玉华堂杂著·重建校士馆记》,雍正十二年刻本。
(3)宫中档朱批奏折,04-01-30-0021-043,梁永禧遵旨密陈湖北总督杨宗仁等居官声名狼藉并岳常道赵弘恩官声大好折,雍正三年八月初四日,中国第一历史档案藏。下同。
(4)赵弘恩:《赵氏家谱·重修家谱序》,乾隆刻本。
(1)王蕴章:《然脂余韵》卷四,商务印书馆铅印本,1920年,中国人民大学图书馆藏。
(2)宫中档朱批奏折,04-01-12-001-0435,赵弘恩钦遵圣训敬谨涤虑洗心奉行折,乾隆元年四月十八日。
(1)宫中档朱批奏折,04-01-12-0005-068,赵弘恩等特参臬司郭朝鼎失察之咎折,乾隆元年十月十九日。
(2)宫中档朱批奏折,04-01-01-0004-021,赵弘恩恪遵圣训察过省非折,乾隆元年十二月十九日。
[2]蒋明宏.雍正后期吏治的一个缩影——赵弘恩督治两江史实初探[J].历史教学问题,2006,(4).
[3]清史稿[M].北京:中华书局,1977:9803-9804.
[4]清史列传[M].北京:中华书局,1987:241-244.
[5]宫中档雍正朝奏折[M].台北:故宫博物院,1979.
[6]清高宗实录[M].北京:中华书局,1985.
[7]清世宗实录[M].北京:中华书局,1985:881-882.
(1)赵璟:《初修家谱叙》,载赵弘恩:《赵氏家谱》,乾隆刻本,国家图书馆藏。下同。
(2)赵弘恩:《赵氏家谱》,乾隆刻本。
(3)赵弘恩:《赵氏家谱·重修家谱序》,乾隆刻本。
(4)赵弘恩:《玉华集·玉华堂杂著·答友人书》,雍正十二年刻本,北京大学图书馆藏。下同。
(5)赵弘恩:《赵氏家谱·重修家谱序》,乾隆刻本。
(6)赵弘恩:《玉华集·玉华堂杂著·先太夫人行述》,雍正十二年刻本。
(7)赵弘恩:《玉华集·玉华堂杂著·题?定西侯李公家传?后》,雍正十二年刻本。
(1)赵弘恩:《玉华集·玉华堂杂著·重修隆中碑文》,雍正十二年刻本。
(2)赵弘恩:《玉华集·玉华堂杂著·重建校士馆记》,雍正十二年刻本。
(3)宫中档朱批奏折,04-01-30-0021-043,梁永禧遵旨密陈湖北总督杨宗仁等居官声名狼藉并岳常道赵弘恩官声大好折,雍正三年八月初四日,中国第一历史档案藏。下同。
(4)赵弘恩:《赵氏家谱·重修家谱序》,乾隆刻本。
(1)王蕴章:《然脂余韵》卷四,商务印书馆铅印本,1920年,中国人民大学图书馆藏。
(2)宫中档朱批奏折,04-01-12-001-0435,赵弘恩钦遵圣训敬谨涤虑洗心奉行折,乾隆元年四月十八日。
(1)宫中档朱批奏折,04-01-12-0005-068,赵弘恩等特参臬司郭朝鼎失察之咎折,乾隆元年十月十九日。
(2)宫中档朱批奏折,04-01-01-0004-021,赵弘恩恪遵圣训察过省非折,乾隆元年十二月十九日。