2012-2016年毕节市自然疫源及虫媒传染病流行病学特征分析
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摘要
目的分析2012-2016年毕节市自然疫源及虫媒传染病流行病学的特征及其变化趋势,为有效制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对毕节市自然疫源及虫媒传染病报告病例进行统计分析。结果 (1)毕节市2012-2016年自然疫源及虫媒传染病共报告发病7种268例,年均发病率0. 62/10万(0. 47/10万～0. 88/10万);总体呈下降趋势,发病率差异有统计学意义(P <0. 001);发病数居前3位的病种依次为:乙脑、出血热和布病;(2)地区分布,发病数居前三位的是金沙县67例(25%)、威宁县42例(15. 7%)、黔西县37例(13. 8%);(3)时间分布,每月均有病例报告,每年发病高峰集中在7-9月份,8月发病高峰;(4)人群分布,重点发病人群年龄小于15岁;男性发病数占比明显高于女性(P <0. 001),在职业分布以农民、散居儿童为主,近5年自然疫源及虫媒传染病职业分布存在差异(P <0. 001);结论毕节市自然疫源及虫媒传染病的流行病学疫情分布总体呈现下降趋势,发病有地区聚集性特点、季节性特点和人群分布特征。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in Bijie during 2012-2016,so as to provide a basis for prevention and control of the diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the epidemiology of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases from 2012 to 2016 based on the data collected from national disease surveillance system of Bijie. Results( 1) A total of 268 cases with 7 kinds of class-A and class-B natural focus diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases were reported during 2012 to2016. The annual average incidence was 0. 62/lakh with a downtrend in general over the years( P < 0. 001). The top three prevalent diseases were Japanese encephalitis,hemorrhagic fever,and brucellosis;( 2) As for geological distribution,the three regions with the highest incidence between 2012 and 2016 were Jinsha County,Weining County,Qianxi County;( 3) In terms of time distribution,the outbreaks occurred all year round with a peak between July and September. Most cases were reported in August;( 4) As for population distribution,the key population was less than 15 years old. The proportion of male cases was significantly higher than that of female( P < 0. 001). And farmers and scattered children were the highest-risk population( P < 0. 001),accounting for70. 5% of the overall incidence within 5 years. Conclusion The incidence of natural focus diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases has shown a downward trend in Bijie,and exhibits strong regional,seasonal,and epidemiological patterns. Prevention and control of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in highly prevalent areas during peak seasons should be emphasized.
Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in Bijie during 2012-2016,so as to provide a basis for prevention and control of the diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the epidemiology of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases from 2012 to 2016 based on the data collected from national disease surveillance system of Bijie. Results( 1) A total of 268 cases with 7 kinds of class-A and class-B natural focus diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases were reported during 2012 to2016. The annual average incidence was 0. 62/lakh with a downtrend in general over the years( P < 0. 001). The top three prevalent diseases were Japanese encephalitis,hemorrhagic fever,and brucellosis;( 2) As for geological distribution,the three regions with the highest incidence between 2012 and 2016 were Jinsha County,Weining County,Qianxi County;( 3) In terms of time distribution,the outbreaks occurred all year round with a peak between July and September. Most cases were reported in August;( 4) As for population distribution,the key population was less than 15 years old. The proportion of male cases was significantly higher than that of female( P < 0. 001). And farmers and scattered children were the highest-risk population( P < 0. 001),accounting for70. 5% of the overall incidence within 5 years. Conclusion The incidence of natural focus diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases has shown a downward trend in Bijie,and exhibits strong regional,seasonal,and epidemiological patterns. Prevention and control of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in highly prevalent areas during peak seasons should be emphasized.
引文
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[10]雷朝忠,黄先富,刘宁.毕节市七星关区2014年人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查与分析[J].医学信息,2015,(28):298-299.
[11]刘敬东,刘光定,晏苏征,等.襄阳市2007-2011年自然疫源及虫媒传染病流行特征分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2013,24(3):38-41.
[12]季涛.淮安市清浦区2009-2011年健康人群乙脑免疫水平分析[J].江苏卫生保健,2012,14(5):3-4.
[13]周明浩,赵彤言,孙俊,等.蚊虫治理前后人群健康教育水平和对蚊虫骚扰感知的对比研究[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2007,13(6):427-431.
[14]董柏青,谭毅.热带地区重要虫媒传染病的预防与控制[J].中国热带医学,2005,5(8):1718-1721.
[15]周丽莎,黄丽华.广西2007年甲乙类自然疫源性和虫媒传染病分析[J].中国热带医学,2008,8(10):1798-1799.
[16]陈荣庆,李秀兰,牟飞飞,等.地震灾区虫媒病毒病防制技术[J].白求恩军医学院学报,2011,9(2):143-143.
[17]熊晨皓,赵国平,兰晓霞,等. 1958-2013年我国自然疫源性疾病的流行分析[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2015,31(2):169-173.
[2]蒋维佳,周敬祝,唐光鹏,等.贵州省部分县市健康人群登革热感染情况调查[J].贵州医药,2013,37(2):164-165.
[3]蒋华柏,黄艳,余春,等.贵州省2009-2015年人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学特征分析[J].医学动物防制,2017,33(6):625-627.
[4]刘宁. 2004-2014年毕节市突发公共卫生事件流行病学分析[J].现代预防医学,2016,43(2):219-222.
[5]张爱芳.狂犬病发病成因及预防控制策略[J].临床合理用药杂志,2013,6(24):80.
[6]唐青,李浩.中国狂犬病流行近况及相关因素分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2005,26(3):223-224.
[7]邢远,蔡正华,侯铁军,等. 3090例肾综合征出血热患者临床特征及发病危险因素分析[J].中国地方病学杂志,2013,32(1):91-94.
[8]王萍.杨陵区2006-2010年流行性出血热疫情分析[J].成都医学院学报,2012,7(B09):230-231.
[9]徐毅,山若青.温州市虫媒传染病流行特征分析[J].中国预防医学杂志,2010,11(10):1033-1035.
[10]雷朝忠,黄先富,刘宁.毕节市七星关区2014年人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查与分析[J].医学信息,2015,(28):298-299.
[11]刘敬东,刘光定,晏苏征,等.襄阳市2007-2011年自然疫源及虫媒传染病流行特征分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2013,24(3):38-41.
[12]季涛.淮安市清浦区2009-2011年健康人群乙脑免疫水平分析[J].江苏卫生保健,2012,14(5):3-4.
[13]周明浩,赵彤言,孙俊,等.蚊虫治理前后人群健康教育水平和对蚊虫骚扰感知的对比研究[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2007,13(6):427-431.
[14]董柏青,谭毅.热带地区重要虫媒传染病的预防与控制[J].中国热带医学,2005,5(8):1718-1721.
[15]周丽莎,黄丽华.广西2007年甲乙类自然疫源性和虫媒传染病分析[J].中国热带医学,2008,8(10):1798-1799.
[16]陈荣庆,李秀兰,牟飞飞,等.地震灾区虫媒病毒病防制技术[J].白求恩军医学院学报,2011,9(2):143-143.
[17]熊晨皓,赵国平,兰晓霞,等. 1958-2013年我国自然疫源性疾病的流行分析[J].中国人兽共患病学报,2015,31(2):169-173.