陕南地区林业扶贫模式及对策研究
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摘要
林业扶贫一直肩负着解决生态和民生问题两大使命,尽管当前扶贫工作取得了一定成就,但一些"老、少、边、穷"地区贫困程度依然很大。本文以陕南地区为例,重点研究在现有政策的支持下,该区域林业扶贫实施现状和存在的问题及相关意见建议,为林业扶贫工作提供参考样板和借鉴,为进一步完善林业扶贫精准脱贫的相关政策提供切实依据,有助于在未来进一步提高林业扶贫成效、发挥林业扶贫潜力。以入户访谈、问卷调查的形式,调研了陕南地区3县27个村262位贫困户,了解当地林业扶贫的主要措施,分析了林业生态工程扶贫模式、经济特色林产业带动贫困户脱贫模式、特色森林旅游业带动贫困户脱贫、林下经济模式等4种林业扶贫模式,从政府决策者、贫困户自身、客观条件限制等三方面阐述了陕南地区当前林业扶贫中存在的问题,并针对林业扶贫政策的实施和改善提出以下4项建议:政府可以通过发动贫困户积极性,促进"造血式"扶贫;参考群众意愿,改善传统管理机制;多措并举,制定长效帮扶机制;加强科技扶贫,提高林业利用率。以此来提高农户参与主动性,从而更好的发挥林业扶贫潜力。
The poverty alleviation of forestry has always shouldered the two major tasks of solving the problems of ecologyand people's livelihood. Although the current poverty alleviation work has achieved certain achievements,the poverty levelof some "old,small,border and poor" areas is still very large. Taking the southern Shaanxi region as an example,this paper focuses on the implementation of forestry poverty alleviation in the region,the existing problems and relatedsuggestions,and provides reference models and reference for forestry poverty alleviation work to further improve forestrypoverty alleviation and poverty alleviation. Relevant policies provide a practical basis to help further improve the effectivenessof forestry poverty alleviation and the potential of forestry poverty alleviation in the future.In the form of household interviewsand questionnaire surveys,262 poor households in 27 villages in 3 counties of southern Shaanxi were investigated,andthe main measures for local forestry poverty alleviation were analyzed. The poverty alleviation model of forestry ecologicalengineering and the economically distinctive forest industry were used to drive poverty-stricken households out of poverty. The four types of forestry poverty alleviation models,such as the poverty-stricken households out of poverty and theunder-forest economic model,elaborated on the current problems of forestry poverty alleviation in southern Shaanxi fromthree aspects:government policy makers,poor households,and objective conditions. The following four suggestionsare proposed for the implementation and improvement of the forestry poverty alleviation policy:the government canpromote the"hematopoietic"poverty alleviation by mobilizing the enthusiasm of poor households;improve the traditionalmanagement mechanism with reference to the wishes of the masses;take multiple measures to develop a long-termassistance mechanism and strengthen Technology to alleviate poverty and improve forestry utilization. In order to improve theparticipation of farmers in the initiative,so as to better play the potential of forestry poverty alleviation.
The poverty alleviation of forestry has always shouldered the two major tasks of solving the problems of ecologyand people's livelihood. Although the current poverty alleviation work has achieved certain achievements,the poverty levelof some "old,small,border and poor" areas is still very large. Taking the southern Shaanxi region as an example,this paper focuses on the implementation of forestry poverty alleviation in the region,the existing problems and relatedsuggestions,and provides reference models and reference for forestry poverty alleviation work to further improve forestrypoverty alleviation and poverty alleviation. Relevant policies provide a practical basis to help further improve the effectivenessof forestry poverty alleviation and the potential of forestry poverty alleviation in the future.In the form of household interviewsand questionnaire surveys,262 poor households in 27 villages in 3 counties of southern Shaanxi were investigated,andthe main measures for local forestry poverty alleviation were analyzed. The poverty alleviation model of forestry ecologicalengineering and the economically distinctive forest industry were used to drive poverty-stricken households out of poverty. The four types of forestry poverty alleviation models,such as the poverty-stricken households out of poverty and theunder-forest economic model,elaborated on the current problems of forestry poverty alleviation in southern Shaanxi fromthree aspects:government policy makers,poor households,and objective conditions. The following four suggestionsare proposed for the implementation and improvement of the forestry poverty alleviation policy:the government canpromote the"hematopoietic"poverty alleviation by mobilizing the enthusiasm of poor households;improve the traditionalmanagement mechanism with reference to the wishes of the masses;take multiple measures to develop a long-termassistance mechanism and strengthen Technology to alleviate poverty and improve forestry utilization. In order to improve theparticipation of farmers in the initiative,so as to better play the potential of forestry poverty alleviation.
引文
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[4]省陕南移民搬迁工作领导小组办公室.陕南移民大搬迁:4年陕南三市减少41万贫困人口[N].陕西日报,2015-07-06(1).
[5]陕西省扶贫开发办公室.陕西省发展和改革委员会.关于印发陕西省“十三五”农村脱贫攻坚规划(2016-2020年)的通知[R].2016-10-12.
[6]王永锋,高卫民,杨君.陕西林业:让山区群众在生态建设中脱贫增收[N].陕西日报,2017-12-04(13).
[7]苏建永.生态护林员在精准扶贫中的管理建议[J].绿色科技,2017(1):91-92.
[8]陕西林业:让山区群众在生态建设中脱贫增收[N].陕西日报,2017-12-04(13).
[9]宁陕县人民政府.2006年退耕还林粮食兑现办法的通告[R].2006-01-18.
[10]赵志鑫.陕西省财政对公益林每年每亩补偿15元.[EB/OL].(2014-10-30)[2018-3-25].http://www.sxdaily.com.cn/n/2014/1030/c324-5543134.html.
[11]赵俊博.南郑发展壮大农业特色产业[N].陕西日报,2017-05-18(2).
[12]商南县人民政府.商南生态扶贫促民富[R].2018-01-12.
[13]黄积刚.宁陕经济林产业成农民致富新引擎[N].陕西日报,2016-02-25(3).
[14]王戈华.黎坪:旅游带脱贫,群众走上致富路[N].陕西日报,2017-07-28(15).
[15]陕西省林业厅.商洛3.5万贫困户种药增收[R].2008-01-12.
[16]任小平.林下养蜂好处多[J].中国蜂业,2012,63(31):46.
[17]王永峰.陕西首批生态护林员上岗[N].陕西日报,2016-10-24(2)
[18]广东省扶贫信息网.“以奖代补”贫困户发展的积极性起来了.[EB/OL].(2017-12-08)[2018-3-29].http://w ww.gdfp.gov.cn/gzdt/gddt/201712/t20171208_908506.htm.
[19]李娟.参与式发展理论视角中的农村扶贫模式研究[D].湖北:华中师范大学,2015.