基于中条山隧道的台阶法几何参数优化分析
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摘要
为提高台阶法在软岩条件下施工时的安全性,充分发挥其施工高效的固有优势,以中条山隧道为工程依托对该法施工时几何参数的选取进行优化分析。分析采取数值模拟结合现场监测数据的方法,以初期支护结构安全性、掌子面稳定性以及施工便利性作为优化选择的依据。根据研究成果可知:在软岩条件下隧道采用台阶法施工时,上台阶长度控制在4~5 m时隧道初期支护结构受力合理,施工机械操作便利;上台阶高度取值为0.6H(H为隧道高度)时能较好地兼顾隧道的施工效率以及掌子面的稳定性,但是在围岩条件较差如Ⅴ级围岩掌子面出水或浅埋情况下,其取值应适当提高但也不宜超过0.7H。
In order to guarantee the construction safety and high efficiency of bench method in soft rock,the geometric parameters of bench method used in Zhongtiaoshan Tunnel is optimized and analyzed. And then,the numerical simulation method and site monitoring method are adopted; and the safety of primary support structure,stability of tunnel face and construction convenience are taken as references for optimization work. The analytical results show that: 1) The stress on tunnel primary support structure is rational and the construction machinery operation is convenient when adopting bench method for soft rock tunnel and the top heading length is controlled within range of 4-5 m. 2) The tunnel construction efficiency and the tunnel face stability can be guaranteed when the top heading height is 0. 6 H( H refers to height of tunnel cross-section); the top heading height should be in the range of 0. 6 H-0. 7 H when the tunnel is in bad surrounding rock( i. e. shallow bury or water inrush from Grade Ⅴ surrounding rock).
In order to guarantee the construction safety and high efficiency of bench method in soft rock,the geometric parameters of bench method used in Zhongtiaoshan Tunnel is optimized and analyzed. And then,the numerical simulation method and site monitoring method are adopted; and the safety of primary support structure,stability of tunnel face and construction convenience are taken as references for optimization work. The analytical results show that: 1) The stress on tunnel primary support structure is rational and the construction machinery operation is convenient when adopting bench method for soft rock tunnel and the top heading length is controlled within range of 4-5 m. 2) The tunnel construction efficiency and the tunnel face stability can be guaranteed when the top heading height is 0. 6 H( H refers to height of tunnel cross-section); the top heading height should be in the range of 0. 6 H-0. 7 H when the tunnel is in bad surrounding rock( i. e. shallow bury or water inrush from Grade Ⅴ surrounding rock).
引文
[1]李宁,刘乃飞,李国峰.软岩及土质隧洞围岩稳定性评价新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014(9):1812.LI Ning,LIU Naifei,LI Guofeng.New method for stability evaluation of soil and soft rock tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014(9):1812.
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[11]王俊,何川.砂土地层土压盾构隧道施工掌子面稳定性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017(5):1.WANG Jun,HE Chuan.Face stability analysis of EPBshield tunnel in sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017(5):1.
[12]刘镇,周翠英.隧道变形失稳的能量演化模型与破坏判据研究[J].岩土力学,2010(2):132.LIU Zhen,ZHOU Cuiying.Research on failure criterion and energy evolution model of tunnel deformation instability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010(2):132.
[13]黄俊,党发宁,周磊,等.关于土体隧道掌子面稳定性的量化探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016(增刊1):3128.HUANG Jun,DANG Faning,ZHOU Lei,et al.The quantitative analysis of the face stability on soil tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016(S1):3128.
[14]SAADA Z,MAGHOUS S,GARNIER D.Pseudo-static analysis of tunnel face stability using the generalized HoekBrown strength criterion[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Method in Geomechanics,2013,37(18):3194.
[15]刘新荣,傅晏,郑颖人,等.水岩相互作用对岩石劣化的影响研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012(1):78.LIU Xinrong,FU Yan,ZHENG Yingren,et al.A review on deterioration of rock caused by water-rock interaction[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012(1):78.
[2]KWON S,WILSON J W.Deformation mechanism of the underground at the WIPP site[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1999,32(2):101.
[3]汪波,李天斌,何川,等.强震区软岩隧道大变形破坏特征及其成因机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012(5):931.WANG Bo,LI Tianbin,HE Chuan,et al.Analysis of failure properties and formatting mechanism of soft rock tunnel in misoneism areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012(5):931.
[4]刘建友,赵勇,过燕芳.软弱围岩隧道安全快速施工技术研究[J].隧道建设,2011,31(8):382.LIU Jianyou,ZHAO Yong,GUO Yanfang.Study of safe and rapid construction technology for weak surrounding rock tunnels[J].Tunnel Construction,2011,31(8):382.
[5]张秀良.影响软岩隧道台阶法施工安全的关键因素[J].现代隧道技术,2012,49(4):60.ZHANG Xiuliang.Key factors affecting bench construction of a tunnel in soft rock[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2012,49(4):60.
[6]邹成路,申玉生,靳宗振.软弱围岩大断面隧道台阶法施工几何参数优化分析[J].公路工程,2013,38(2):27.ZOU Chenglu,SHEN Yusheng,JIN Zongzhen.Study of bench method's geometric parameters optimization in weak broken wall rock and large cross-section tunnel[J].Highway Engineering,2013,38(2):27.
[7]宋曙光,李术才,李利平,等.超大断面隧道软弱围岩台阶法施工过程力学效应规律研究[J].隧道建设,2011,31(1):170.SONG Shuguang,LI Shucai,LI Liping,et al.Study of rules of mechanical effect in process of construction of super-large cross-section tunnel in weak and broken surrounding rock excavated by bench method[J].Tunnel Construction,2011,31(1):170.
[8]陈先国.隧道结构失稳及判据研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2002.CHEN Xianguo.Study of failure and criteria of tunnel structure[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2002.
[9]朱永全.隧道稳定性位移判别准则[J].中国铁道科学,2001,22(6):80.ZHU Yongquan.The criterion of predicting tunnel stability by displacement[J].China Railway Science,2001,22(6):80.
[10]张素敏,刘勇.隧道上台阶极限位移计算模拟[J].石家庄铁道大学学报(自然科学版),2003,16(增刊1):5.ZHANG Sumin,LIU Yong.Simulation of limit displacements for tunnel upper bench[J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University(Natural Science Edition),2003,16(S1):5.
[11]王俊,何川.砂土地层土压盾构隧道施工掌子面稳定性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017(5):1.WANG Jun,HE Chuan.Face stability analysis of EPBshield tunnel in sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017(5):1.
[12]刘镇,周翠英.隧道变形失稳的能量演化模型与破坏判据研究[J].岩土力学,2010(2):132.LIU Zhen,ZHOU Cuiying.Research on failure criterion and energy evolution model of tunnel deformation instability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010(2):132.
[13]黄俊,党发宁,周磊,等.关于土体隧道掌子面稳定性的量化探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016(增刊1):3128.HUANG Jun,DANG Faning,ZHOU Lei,et al.The quantitative analysis of the face stability on soil tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016(S1):3128.
[14]SAADA Z,MAGHOUS S,GARNIER D.Pseudo-static analysis of tunnel face stability using the generalized HoekBrown strength criterion[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Method in Geomechanics,2013,37(18):3194.
[15]刘新荣,傅晏,郑颖人,等.水岩相互作用对岩石劣化的影响研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012(1):78.LIU Xinrong,FU Yan,ZHENG Yingren,et al.A review on deterioration of rock caused by water-rock interaction[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012(1):78.