霍尔果斯口岸及周边地区杂草区系特征分析
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摘要
通过近3年对新疆霍尔果斯口岸及周边地区的野外实地考察和标本采集与鉴定,对该区域杂草区系进行了初步研究,探讨该区杂草区系的起源和演化,补充和丰富了该区杂草研究方面的新资料。结果表明:(1)霍尔果斯口岸及周边地区杂草共有33科113属160种,其中菊科Compositae(26属/38种)、禾本科Graminae(16/19)、豆科Leguminosae(11/16)、十字花科Cruciferae(11/14)、藜科Chenopodiaceae(7/13)为该区的优势科。(2)从科的属种组成来看,单种科和含2～9种的寡种科在科级结构组成中所占比例较高;含10～19种的中等科和含20～49种的多种科,属种比例较高,是科内种级水平结构的主体;单种属是属级水平结构的主体。(3)该区杂草的生活型相对较丰富,有5个类型,以草本植物为主,占96. 25%;有3种生态类型,其中中生植物所占比例最高,占76. 25%。(4)该区的区系地理成分较复杂,包括8个分布类型和8个变型,具有明显的温带性质,温带性质的属共有48属,占57. 14%。
Based on the field investigation and specimen collection and identification of the Horgos Port and surrounding areas in the past three years,a preliminary study of the weed flora in this area was carried out,and the origin and evolution of the flora in the area were discussed,which supplemented and enriched the new data of botany research in this area.The results showed that:(1) There are160 species of weeds in the Horgos Port and surrounding areas of Xinjiang,which belong to 113 genera and 33 families,and the phenomenon of dominant family was obvious,including Compositae has 26 genera and 38 species,followed by Gramineae has 16 genera and19 species,Leguminosae has 11 genera and 16 species,Cruciferae has 11 genera and 14 species,Chenopodiaceae has 7 genera and 13 species.(2) In terms of genera and species composition of families,the single species and the 2-9 species of oligospecies account for a higher proportion of the structural structure; 10-19 species of middle families and 20-49 species of multiple families,with a higher proportion of genera and species,which is the main body of the horizontal structure of the species; the single genus is the main body of the horizontal structure.(3) The weeds in this area are relatively rich in life types,with 5 types,mainly herbaceous plants,accounting for96. 25%; there are three ecological types,of which mesophytes account for the highest proportion,accounting for 76. 25%.(4) The geographical composition of the area is more complex,including 8 distribution types and 8 variants.The temperate nature belongs to 48 genera,accounting for 57. 14% of the total genera,and the temperate composition is obvious.
Based on the field investigation and specimen collection and identification of the Horgos Port and surrounding areas in the past three years,a preliminary study of the weed flora in this area was carried out,and the origin and evolution of the flora in the area were discussed,which supplemented and enriched the new data of botany research in this area.The results showed that:(1) There are160 species of weeds in the Horgos Port and surrounding areas of Xinjiang,which belong to 113 genera and 33 families,and the phenomenon of dominant family was obvious,including Compositae has 26 genera and 38 species,followed by Gramineae has 16 genera and19 species,Leguminosae has 11 genera and 16 species,Cruciferae has 11 genera and 14 species,Chenopodiaceae has 7 genera and 13 species.(2) In terms of genera and species composition of families,the single species and the 2-9 species of oligospecies account for a higher proportion of the structural structure; 10-19 species of middle families and 20-49 species of multiple families,with a higher proportion of genera and species,which is the main body of the horizontal structure of the species; the single genus is the main body of the horizontal structure.(3) The weeds in this area are relatively rich in life types,with 5 types,mainly herbaceous plants,accounting for96. 25%; there are three ecological types,of which mesophytes account for the highest proportion,accounting for 76. 25%.(4) The geographical composition of the area is more complex,including 8 distribution types and 8 variants.The temperate nature belongs to 48 genera,accounting for 57. 14% of the total genera,and the temperate composition is obvious.
引文
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[12]廖文波,张宏达,仲铭锦.广东亚热带植物区系表征科的区系地理学分析[J].生态科学,1994(1):47-55.Liao W B,Zhang H D,Zhong M J.The floristic phytogeographical analysis of some typical families of the subtropic flora from Guangdong Province[J].Ecological Science,1994(1):47-55.
[13]李艳艳.上海郊区不同土地利用类型自然草本群落多样性及其分布研究[D].华东师范大学,2009.
[14]赵杏花,王立群,蓝登明,等.乌拉山种子植物属的地理成分分析[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(1):172-179.Zhao X H,Wang L Q,Lan D M,et al.Geographical elements analysis on flora of seed plants of Wulashan Mountain[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(1):172-179.
[15]Raunkiaer C.The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography[M].The Clarendon press,1934.
[16]李博,杨持,林鹏.生态学[M].高等教育出版社,2000.
[17]樊永军,陈秀莉,赵艳玲.包头地区野生种子植物区系组成及特征研究[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(2):363-369.Fan Y J,Cehn X L,Zhao Y L.Study on flora composition and characteristics of wild seed plants in Baotou Area[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2018,38(2):363-369.
[18]王荷生.中国植物区系的性质和各成分间的关系[J].云南植物研究,2000,22(2):119-126.Wang H S.The nature of China's flora and the relationships between its different element[J].Plant Diversity,2000,22(2):119-126.
[19]吴征镒.种子植物分布区类型及其起源和分化[M].云南科技出版社,2006.
[20]张镱锂.植物区系地理研究中的重要参数---相似性系数[J].地理研究,1998,17(4):429-434.Zhang Y L.Coefficient of similarity-an important parameter in floristic geography[J].Geographical Research,1998,17(4):429-434.
[21]吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].植物资源与环境学报,1991(S4).Wu Z Y.The areal-types of the world genera of seed plants[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,1991(S4).
[2]郭水良,李扬汉.杂草的基本特点及其在丰富栽培地生物多样性中的作用[J].资源科学,1996,18(3):48-52.Guo S L,Li Y H.The basic characteristics of weeds and their role in the biodiversity of rich cultivated land[J].Resource Science,1996,18(3):48-52.
[3]于树华,毛汝兵,唐维,等.中国种子植物杂草分布区类型分析[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(4):1189-1192.Yu S H,Mao R B,Tang W,et al.Study of the areal types of seed weeds in China[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2008,21(4):1189-1192.
[4]强胜,曹学章.中国异域杂草的考察与分析[J].植物资源与环境学报,2000,9(4):34-38.Qiang S,Cao X Z.Survey and analysis of exotic weeds in China[J].Journal of Plant Resources&Environment,2000,9:34-38.
[5]徐远杰,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.中国伊犁河谷种子植物区系分析[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(3):331-337.Xu Y J,Chen Y N,Li W H,et al.Analysis on the spermatophyte floras in the Ili River valley of China[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(3):331-337.
[6]海鹰,曾雅娟,武胜利.新疆霍尔果斯河流域植物区系研究[J].新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,29(4):1-7.Hai Y,Zeng Y J,Wu S L.Study on flora of Holgus River Basin in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Natural Sciences Edition),2010,29(4):1-7.
[7]张军民.新疆伊犁霍尔果斯口岸外向型经济发展方略[J].石河子大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,20(5):6-8.Zhang J M.Strategy on the extra-economy development in Horgos Port,in Xinjiang,China[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Philosophy and Social Sciences),2006,20(5):6-8.
[8]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志1-6卷[M].新疆科技卫生出版社,1992-2014.
[9]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志:1-80卷[M].北京:科学出版社,1979-2004.
[10]张丽君,曹婷,阎平,等.新疆西昆仑山十字花科植物区系分析[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2018,36(04):515-519.Zhang L J,Cao T,Yan P,et al.Flora of the cruciferae in the West Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Shihezi U-niversity(Natural Science),2018,36(04):515-519.
[11]刘鸯,徐海燕,阎平.中国帕米尔高原蓼科植物分类学研究[J].石河子大学学报(自科科学版),2009,27(2):169-173.Liu Y,Xu H Y,Yan P.A taxonomic study on Polygonaceae from Pamirs of China[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2009,27(2):169-173.
[12]廖文波,张宏达,仲铭锦.广东亚热带植物区系表征科的区系地理学分析[J].生态科学,1994(1):47-55.Liao W B,Zhang H D,Zhong M J.The floristic phytogeographical analysis of some typical families of the subtropic flora from Guangdong Province[J].Ecological Science,1994(1):47-55.
[13]李艳艳.上海郊区不同土地利用类型自然草本群落多样性及其分布研究[D].华东师范大学,2009.
[14]赵杏花,王立群,蓝登明,等.乌拉山种子植物属的地理成分分析[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(1):172-179.Zhao X H,Wang L Q,Lan D M,et al.Geographical elements analysis on flora of seed plants of Wulashan Mountain[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(1):172-179.
[15]Raunkiaer C.The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography[M].The Clarendon press,1934.
[16]李博,杨持,林鹏.生态学[M].高等教育出版社,2000.
[17]樊永军,陈秀莉,赵艳玲.包头地区野生种子植物区系组成及特征研究[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(2):363-369.Fan Y J,Cehn X L,Zhao Y L.Study on flora composition and characteristics of wild seed plants in Baotou Area[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2018,38(2):363-369.
[18]王荷生.中国植物区系的性质和各成分间的关系[J].云南植物研究,2000,22(2):119-126.Wang H S.The nature of China's flora and the relationships between its different element[J].Plant Diversity,2000,22(2):119-126.
[19]吴征镒.种子植物分布区类型及其起源和分化[M].云南科技出版社,2006.
[20]张镱锂.植物区系地理研究中的重要参数---相似性系数[J].地理研究,1998,17(4):429-434.Zhang Y L.Coefficient of similarity-an important parameter in floristic geography[J].Geographical Research,1998,17(4):429-434.
[21]吴征镒.中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J].植物资源与环境学报,1991(S4).Wu Z Y.The areal-types of the world genera of seed plants[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,1991(S4).