不同酸蚀条件对釉质表面的影响研究
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摘要
目的探究不同pH值的盐酸溶液和酸蚀时间对釉质表面的影响。方法制作40个釉质片样本,每个样本表面分为未处理面和处理面。根据处理面酸蚀条件分为8组,其中酸蚀时间为30 s,pH值分别为1.6、2.4、3.2、4.0的4组记为A1、A2、A3、A4组;酸蚀时间为60 s,pH值分别为1.6、2.4、3.2、4.0的4组记为B1、B2、B3、B4组。利用显微硬度计测量样本表面显微硬度;激光共聚焦显微镜测量样本未处理面和处理面之间形成的高度差(即釉质丧失量)。对结果进行两因素析因设计资料的方差分析。结果酸蚀后,A1～A4组样本表面显微硬度值分别下降(42.1±5.8)、(23.6±5.7)、(10.9±6.9)和(-0.6±2.6)MPa;B1～B4组样本表面显微硬度值分别下降(59.3±6.6)、(35.4±9.2)、(15.7±5.1)和(7.7±3.1)MPa。A1～A4组样本未处理面和处理面之间的高度差分别为(793.4±43.0)、(319.2±20.4)、(15.8±2.4)和(-1.4±3.3)nm;B1～B4组样本未处理面和处理面之间的高度差分别为(1366.6±174.8)、(437.2±41.0)、(75.1±6.4)和(1.3±3.2)nm。方差分析结果显示,酸蚀时间和盐酸溶液的pH值对釉质表面显微硬度值下降量及釉质丧失量均有显著影响。结论酸蚀时间和盐酸溶液的pH值均是影响釉质表面显微硬度值下降量及釉质丧失量的因素,且酸蚀时间和盐酸溶液的pH值对釉质丧失量的影响存在交互作用。
Objective To investigate the effect of hydrochloric acid solution with different pH value and etching time on the enamel surface. Methods Forty enamel specimens were prepared,each sample surface was divided into untreated and treated surfaces. Based on the experimental conditions,the samples were randomized into 8 groups:the groups with etching time being 30 s and pH values of hydrochloric acid solution being 1.6,2.4,3.2 and 4.0 were groups A1,A2,A3 and A4;the groups with etching time being 60 s and pH values of hydrochloric acid solution being 1.6,2.4,3.2 and 4.0 were groups B1,B2,B3 and B4. Microhardness and amount of enamel loss were measured by microhardness tester and CLSM respectively. The results were analyzed by two factors factorial design ANOVA test. Results After etching,microhardness values of group A1 to A4 decreased by(42.1 ± 5.8),(23.6 ± 5.7),(10.9 ± 6.9)and(-0.6 ± 2.6)MPa,respectively;in group B1 to B4 they decreased by(59.3 ± 6.6),(35.4 ± 9.2),(15.7 ± 5.1)and(7.7 ± 3.1)MPa. CLSM observation showed that the enamel loss in group A1 to A4 was(793.4 ± 43.0),(319.2 ± 20.4),(15.8 ± 2.4)and(-1.4± 3.3)nm,respectively;in group B1 to B4 it was(1366.6 ± 174.8),(437.2 ± 41.0),(75.1 ± 6.4)and(1.3 ± 3.2)nm.ANOVA anslysis showd that etching time and pH value of hydrochloric acid solution had significant effects on the decrease of microhardness values and enamel loss. Conclusion The different etching time and pH values of hydrochloric acid solution have significantly influence upon microhardness and enamel loss. There is an interactive effect between etching time and pH values of hydrochloric acid solution on the enamel loss.
Objective To investigate the effect of hydrochloric acid solution with different pH value and etching time on the enamel surface. Methods Forty enamel specimens were prepared,each sample surface was divided into untreated and treated surfaces. Based on the experimental conditions,the samples were randomized into 8 groups:the groups with etching time being 30 s and pH values of hydrochloric acid solution being 1.6,2.4,3.2 and 4.0 were groups A1,A2,A3 and A4;the groups with etching time being 60 s and pH values of hydrochloric acid solution being 1.6,2.4,3.2 and 4.0 were groups B1,B2,B3 and B4. Microhardness and amount of enamel loss were measured by microhardness tester and CLSM respectively. The results were analyzed by two factors factorial design ANOVA test. Results After etching,microhardness values of group A1 to A4 decreased by(42.1 ± 5.8),(23.6 ± 5.7),(10.9 ± 6.9)and(-0.6 ± 2.6)MPa,respectively;in group B1 to B4 they decreased by(59.3 ± 6.6),(35.4 ± 9.2),(15.7 ± 5.1)and(7.7 ± 3.1)MPa. CLSM observation showed that the enamel loss in group A1 to A4 was(793.4 ± 43.0),(319.2 ± 20.4),(15.8 ± 2.4)and(-1.4± 3.3)nm,respectively;in group B1 to B4 it was(1366.6 ± 174.8),(437.2 ± 41.0),(75.1 ± 6.4)and(1.3 ± 3.2)nm.ANOVA anslysis showd that etching time and pH value of hydrochloric acid solution had significant effects on the decrease of microhardness values and enamel loss. Conclusion The different etching time and pH values of hydrochloric acid solution have significantly influence upon microhardness and enamel loss. There is an interactive effect between etching time and pH values of hydrochloric acid solution on the enamel loss.
引文
[1]Carvalho TS,Colon P,Ganss C,et al.Consensus report of the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry:erosive tooth wear diagnosis and management[J].Swiss Dent J,2016,126(4):342-346.
[2]顾豪,陶丹英,冯希平.牙齿酸蚀症的病因及流行病学调查概况[J].国际口腔医学杂志,2013,40(5):604-607.
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[10]冶录平,罗颂椒.不同时间酸蚀后年轻恒牙釉质表面形态扫描电镜观察研究[J].中国实用口腔科杂志,2008,1(8):482-484.
[11]Ana PA,Tabchoury CP,Cury JA,et al.Effect of Er,Cr∶YSGGlaser and professional fluoride application on enamel demineralization and on fluoride retention[J].Caries Res,2012,46(5):441-451.
[12]Shellis RP,Ganss C,Ren Y,et al.Methodology and models in erosion research:discussion and conclusions[J].Caries Res,2011,45(Suppl 1):69-77.
[13]Lin WT,Kitasako Y,Nakashima S,et al.A comparative study of the susceptibility of cut and uncut enamel to erosive demineralization[J].Dent Mater J,2017,36(1):48-53.
[14]Lussi A,Hellwig E.Risk assessment and causal preventive measures[J].Monogr Oral Sci,2014,25:220-229.
[15]Salas MM,Nascimento GG,Huysmans MC,et al.Estimated prevalence of erosive tooth wear in permanent teeth of children and adolescents:an epidemiological systematic review and meta-regression analysis[J].J Dent,2015,43(1):42-50.
[16]González-Aragón PinedaáE,Borges-Yá?ez SA,Irigoyen-Camacho ME,et al.Relationship between erosive tooth wear and beverage consumption among a group of schoolchildren in Mexico City[J].Clin Oral Investig,2019,23(2):715-723.
[17]Struzycka I,Lussi A,Bogus?awska-Kapa?a A,et al.Prevalence of erosive lesions with respect to risk factors in a young adult population in Poland--a cross-sectional study[J].Clin Oral Investig,2017,21(7):2197-2203.
[18]Buzalaf MAR,Magalh?es AC,Rios D.Prevention of erosive tooth wear:targeting nutritional and patient-related risks factors[J].Br Dent J,2018,224(5):371-378.
[19]Wilder-Smith CH,Materna A,Martig L,et al.Longitudinal study of gastroesophageal reflux and erosive tooth wear[J].BMC Gastroenterol,2017,17(1):113.
[20]Chockattu SJ,Deepak BS,Sood A,et al.Management of dental erosion induced by gastro-esophageal reflux disorder with direct composite veneering aided by a flexible splint matrix[J].Restor Dent Endod,2018,43(1):e13.
[21]Wiegand A,Attin T.Design of erosion/abrasion studies--insights and rational concepts[J].Caries Res,2011,45(1):53-59.
[22]盛婷,杨清岭,孙宇,等.多乐氟预防碳酸饮料对乳牙釉质脱矿的体外研究[J].口腔医学研究,2015,31(4):408-409,412.
[23]Carvalho TS,Lussi A.Susceptibility of enamel to initial erosion in relation to tooth type,tooth surface and enamel depth[J].Caries Res,2015,49(2):109-115.
[24]Attin T,Becker K,Wiedemeier DB,et al.Anti-erosive effect of a self-assembling peptide gel[J].Swiss Dent J,2017,127(10):857-864.
[25]Oliveira GC,Tereza GPG,Boteon AP,et al.Susceptibility of bovine dental enamel with initial erosion lesion to new erosive challenges[J].PLoS One,2017,12(8):e182347.
[26]Young A,Tenuta LM.Initial erosion models[J].Caries Res,2011,45(Suppl 1):33-42.
[2]顾豪,陶丹英,冯希平.牙齿酸蚀症的病因及流行病学调查概况[J].国际口腔医学杂志,2013,40(5):604-607.
[3]Milosevic A.Acid erosion:an increasingly relevant dental problem,risk factors,management and restoration[J].Prim Dent J,2017,6(1):37-45.
[4]Li W,Liu J,Chen S,et al.Prevalence of dental erosion among people with gastroesophageal reflux disease in China[J].J Prosthet Dent,2017,117(1):48-54.
[5]Schlueter N,Luka B.Erosive tooth wear-a review on global prevalence and on its prevalence in risk groups[J].Br Dent J,2018,224(5):364-370.
[6]Lussi A,Carvalho TS.Erosive tooth wear:a multifactorial condition of growing concern and increasing knowledge[J].Monogr Oral Sci,2014,25:1-15.
[7]Lutovac M,Popova OV,Macanovic G,et al.Testing the effect of aggressive beverage on the damage of enamel structure[J].Open Access Maced J Med Sci,2017,5(7):987-993.
[8]Attin T,Wegehaupt FJ.Methods for assessment of dental erosion[J].Monogr Oral Sci,2014,25:123-142.
[9]Field JC,Waterhouse PJ,German MJ.The early erosive and abrasive challenge:a profilometric,electron microscopic and microhardness study using human,bovine and ovine enamel[J].Eur JProsthodont Restor Dent,2017,25(2):93-100.
[10]冶录平,罗颂椒.不同时间酸蚀后年轻恒牙釉质表面形态扫描电镜观察研究[J].中国实用口腔科杂志,2008,1(8):482-484.
[11]Ana PA,Tabchoury CP,Cury JA,et al.Effect of Er,Cr∶YSGGlaser and professional fluoride application on enamel demineralization and on fluoride retention[J].Caries Res,2012,46(5):441-451.
[12]Shellis RP,Ganss C,Ren Y,et al.Methodology and models in erosion research:discussion and conclusions[J].Caries Res,2011,45(Suppl 1):69-77.
[13]Lin WT,Kitasako Y,Nakashima S,et al.A comparative study of the susceptibility of cut and uncut enamel to erosive demineralization[J].Dent Mater J,2017,36(1):48-53.
[14]Lussi A,Hellwig E.Risk assessment and causal preventive measures[J].Monogr Oral Sci,2014,25:220-229.
[15]Salas MM,Nascimento GG,Huysmans MC,et al.Estimated prevalence of erosive tooth wear in permanent teeth of children and adolescents:an epidemiological systematic review and meta-regression analysis[J].J Dent,2015,43(1):42-50.
[16]González-Aragón PinedaáE,Borges-Yá?ez SA,Irigoyen-Camacho ME,et al.Relationship between erosive tooth wear and beverage consumption among a group of schoolchildren in Mexico City[J].Clin Oral Investig,2019,23(2):715-723.
[17]Struzycka I,Lussi A,Bogus?awska-Kapa?a A,et al.Prevalence of erosive lesions with respect to risk factors in a young adult population in Poland--a cross-sectional study[J].Clin Oral Investig,2017,21(7):2197-2203.
[18]Buzalaf MAR,Magalh?es AC,Rios D.Prevention of erosive tooth wear:targeting nutritional and patient-related risks factors[J].Br Dent J,2018,224(5):371-378.
[19]Wilder-Smith CH,Materna A,Martig L,et al.Longitudinal study of gastroesophageal reflux and erosive tooth wear[J].BMC Gastroenterol,2017,17(1):113.
[20]Chockattu SJ,Deepak BS,Sood A,et al.Management of dental erosion induced by gastro-esophageal reflux disorder with direct composite veneering aided by a flexible splint matrix[J].Restor Dent Endod,2018,43(1):e13.
[21]Wiegand A,Attin T.Design of erosion/abrasion studies--insights and rational concepts[J].Caries Res,2011,45(1):53-59.
[22]盛婷,杨清岭,孙宇,等.多乐氟预防碳酸饮料对乳牙釉质脱矿的体外研究[J].口腔医学研究,2015,31(4):408-409,412.
[23]Carvalho TS,Lussi A.Susceptibility of enamel to initial erosion in relation to tooth type,tooth surface and enamel depth[J].Caries Res,2015,49(2):109-115.
[24]Attin T,Becker K,Wiedemeier DB,et al.Anti-erosive effect of a self-assembling peptide gel[J].Swiss Dent J,2017,127(10):857-864.
[25]Oliveira GC,Tereza GPG,Boteon AP,et al.Susceptibility of bovine dental enamel with initial erosion lesion to new erosive challenges[J].PLoS One,2017,12(8):e182347.
[26]Young A,Tenuta LM.Initial erosion models[J].Caries Res,2011,45(Suppl 1):33-42.