电动汽车车载充电机拓扑研究综述
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摘要
车载充电机是纯电动汽车(Battery Electric Vehicles,BEVs)和插电式混合动力电动汽车(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles,PHEVs)必不可少的设备,对于提高电动汽车的充电效率、续航里程有着重要的意义。文章对近年来电动汽车车载充电机的研究进展和现状进行了总结,对车载充电机的种类和拓扑结构进行了分析和对比,指出各种拓扑的优点及存在的问题与不足,最后对车载充电机研究的未来发展方向进行了展望。
On-board charger is an essential equipment for battery electric vehicles(BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs),and is very important for improving charging efficiency and driving range.We give an overview of the progress and the status quo of the on-board charger of electric vehicles.The types and topological structure of on-board chargers are analyzed and compared with each other,the advantages and disadvantages of various topologies are pointed out.Finally,some discussions about potential directions and challenges for future research on the on-board chargers of electric vehicles are presented.
On-board charger is an essential equipment for battery electric vehicles(BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs),and is very important for improving charging efficiency and driving range.We give an overview of the progress and the status quo of the on-board charger of electric vehicles.The types and topological structure of on-board chargers are analyzed and compared with each other,the advantages and disadvantages of various topologies are pointed out.Finally,some discussions about potential directions and challenges for future research on the on-board chargers of electric vehicles are presented.
引文
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[5]Yoon Y D,kWon S M,Lee J Y.Single-stage Battery Charger for Light Electric Vehicles Based on DC-SRC with Current-boosting Circuit[J].Electronics Letters,2013,49(16):1023-1025.
[6]Chang-Yeol Oh,Dong-Hee Kim,Dong Gyun Woo,et al.AHigh-Efficient Nonisolated Single-Stage On-Board Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(12):5746-5757.
[7]Gu B,Lai J S,Kees N,et al.Hybrid-Switching Full-Bridge DC-DCConverter with Minimal Voltage Stress of Bridge Rectifier,Reduced Circulating Losses,and Filter Requirement for Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(3):1132-1144.
[8]Gu B,Lin C Y,Chen B F,et al.A High Efficiency Hybrid Resonant PWM Zero-voltage-Switching Full-bridge DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers[C].Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE,2013:23-30.
[9]Gautam D S,Musavi F,Edington M,et al.An Automotive Onboard3.3-k W Battery Charger for PHEV Application[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2012,61(8):3466-3474.
[10]Wang H Y.A Phase Shift Full Bridge Based Reconfigurable PEVOnboard Charger with Extended ZVS Range and Zero Duty Cycle Loss[C].2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),2016:480-486.
[11]Gautam D S,Musavi F,Eberle W,et al.A Zero-voltage Switching Full-bridge Dc-dc Converter with Capacitive Output Filter for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Charging[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(12):5728-5735.
[12]Yang M K,Cho H S,Lee S J,et al.High-Efficiency Low-Cost Soft-Switching DC-DC Converter for EV On-Board Battery Chargers[C].2015 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),2015:2050-2055.
[13]Wang H Y,Dusmez S,Khaligh A.Design and Analysis of a Full-Bridge LLC-Based PEV Charger Optimized for Wide Battery Voltage Range[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2014,63(4):1603-1613.
[14]周贺.数字控制电动汽车高性能车载充电机设计与研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.Zhou H.Design and Research on High performance EV On-board Charger Digital Control[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016.
[15]Shahzad M I,Iqbal S,Taib S,et al.Design of a PEV Battery Charger with High Power Factor using Half-bridge LLC-SRC Operating at Resonance Frequency[C].2015 IEEE International Conference on Control System,Computing and Engineering(ICCSCE),2015:424-429.
[16]Wang H Y,Dusmez S,Khaligh A.Design Considerations for a Level-2 On-Board PEV Charger Based on Interleaved Boost PFC and LLC Resonant Converters[C].IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo(ITEC),2013:1-8.
[17]Dow Y S,Son H I,Lee H D.A Study on Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter for Battery Charger on Board[C].8th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia,2011:2694-2698.
[18]Lee J Y,Chae H J.6.6-k W Onboard Charger Design Using DCMPFC Converter with Harmonic Modulation Technique and Two-stage DC/DC Converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(3):1243-1252.
[19]Lai J S,Miwa H,Lai W H.A High-efficiency On-board Charger Utilizing a Hybrid LLC and Phase-Shift DC-DC Converter[C].International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid,2014:1-8.
[20]Tran V L,Yu S H,Tran D D.A Novel Hybrid Converter for 6.6 kWOn Board Charger[C].2015 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia(ICPE-ECCE Asia),2015:1528-1534.
[21]Kim Y J,Lee J Y.Full Bridge SRT Hybrid DC/DC Converter for 6.6k W EV On-Board Charger[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2016,65(6):4419-4428.
[22]Yoo K M,Kim K D,Lee J Y.Single-and Three-phase PHEV Onboard Battery Charger Using Small Link Capacitor[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,60(8):3136-3144.
[23]Schmenger J,Zeltner S,Kramer R,et al.A 3.7 kW On-board Charger Based on Modular Circuit Design[C].Industrial Electronics Society,IECON 2015-41st Annual Conference of the IEEE,2015:1382-1387.
[24]包广清,徐欣,王晓兰,等.电动汽车与风电机组协同的微电网调度策略[J].控制工程,2016,23(9):1387-1393.Bao G Q,Xu X,Wang X L,et al.Dispatch Strategy of Micro-grids Based on Coordination between the Electric Vehicle and Wind Power[J].Control Engineering of China,2016,23(9):1387-1393.
[25]Lai J S,Zhang L H,Zahid Z.A High-efficiency 3.3-kW Bidirectional On-Board Charger[C].2015 IEEE 2nd International Future Energy Electronics Conference,2015:1-5.
[26]Kim S,Kang F S.Multifunctional Onboard Battery Charger for Plug-in Electric Vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(6):3460-3472.
[27]Shin C J,Lee J Y.An Electrolytic Capacitor-less Bi-Directional EVOn-Board Charger Using Harmonic Modulation Technique[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(10):5195-5203.
[28]胡龙,罗安,刘月华,等.双向高效率高功率因数电动汽车充电机研究[J].电源技术,2016,40(3):700-704.Hu L,Luo A,Liu Y H,et al.Dual Purpose High Efficient and High Power Factor of Electric Vehicle Charger[J].Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2016,40(3):700-704.
[29]Ebrahimi S,Taghavi Milad,Tahamie F,et al.Integrated Bidirectional Isolated Soft-Switched Battery Charger for Vehicle-to-Grid Technology Using 4-Switch 3Φ-Rectifier[C].Industrial Electronics Society,IECON 2013-39th Annual Conference of the IEEE,2013:906-911.
[30]Thimmesch D.An SCR Inverter with an Integral Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1985,21(4):1023-1029.
[31]Su G J,Tang L.Current Source Inverter Based Traction Drive for EVBattery Charging Applications[C].2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference,2011:1-6.
[32]Subotic I,Bodo N,Levi E,et al.Overview of Fast On-board Integrated Battery Chargers for Electric Vehicles Based on Multiphase Machines and Power Electronics[J].IET Electric Power Applications,2016,10(3):217-229.
[33]Subotic I,Bodo N,Levi E,et al.Isolated Chargers for EVs Incorporating Six-Phase Machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(1):653-664.
[34]李成群,黄宝旺.新型纯电动汽车车载充电器的设计[J].测控技术,2015,34(3):131-133.Li C Q,Huang B W.Design of New All-Electric Vehicle Car Charger[J].Measurement&Control Technology,2015,34(3):131-133.
[35]Subotic I,Bodo N,Levi E,et al.Onboard Integrated Battery Charger for EVs Using an Asymmetrical Nine-Phase Machine[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(5):3285-3295.
[2]陈吉清,邱泽鑫,兰凤崇,等.纯电动汽车车载充电技术的发展研究[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(16):36-40.Chen J Q,Qiu Z X,Lan F C,et al.Research on the Development of Vehicle Charging Technology for Pure Electric Vehicle[J].Science and Technology Management Research,2015,35(16):36-40.
[3]GB/T 29317-2012,中华人民共和国国家标准电动汽车充换电设施术语[S].北京:中国标准出版,2013.GB/T 29317-2012,The National Standard of the People's Republic of China Terminology of Electric Vehicle Charging/Battery Swap Infrastructure[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2013.
[4]Mi N,Sasic B,Marshall J,et al.A Novel Economical Single Stage Battery Charger with Power Factor Correction[C].Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),2003 Eighteenth Annual IEEE,2003:760-763.
[5]Yoon Y D,kWon S M,Lee J Y.Single-stage Battery Charger for Light Electric Vehicles Based on DC-SRC with Current-boosting Circuit[J].Electronics Letters,2013,49(16):1023-1025.
[6]Chang-Yeol Oh,Dong-Hee Kim,Dong Gyun Woo,et al.AHigh-Efficient Nonisolated Single-Stage On-Board Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(12):5746-5757.
[7]Gu B,Lai J S,Kees N,et al.Hybrid-Switching Full-Bridge DC-DCConverter with Minimal Voltage Stress of Bridge Rectifier,Reduced Circulating Losses,and Filter Requirement for Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(3):1132-1144.
[8]Gu B,Lin C Y,Chen B F,et al.A High Efficiency Hybrid Resonant PWM Zero-voltage-Switching Full-bridge DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers[C].Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE,2013:23-30.
[9]Gautam D S,Musavi F,Edington M,et al.An Automotive Onboard3.3-k W Battery Charger for PHEV Application[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2012,61(8):3466-3474.
[10]Wang H Y.A Phase Shift Full Bridge Based Reconfigurable PEVOnboard Charger with Extended ZVS Range and Zero Duty Cycle Loss[C].2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),2016:480-486.
[11]Gautam D S,Musavi F,Eberle W,et al.A Zero-voltage Switching Full-bridge Dc-dc Converter with Capacitive Output Filter for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Charging[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(12):5728-5735.
[12]Yang M K,Cho H S,Lee S J,et al.High-Efficiency Low-Cost Soft-Switching DC-DC Converter for EV On-Board Battery Chargers[C].2015 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),2015:2050-2055.
[13]Wang H Y,Dusmez S,Khaligh A.Design and Analysis of a Full-Bridge LLC-Based PEV Charger Optimized for Wide Battery Voltage Range[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2014,63(4):1603-1613.
[14]周贺.数字控制电动汽车高性能车载充电机设计与研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.Zhou H.Design and Research on High performance EV On-board Charger Digital Control[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016.
[15]Shahzad M I,Iqbal S,Taib S,et al.Design of a PEV Battery Charger with High Power Factor using Half-bridge LLC-SRC Operating at Resonance Frequency[C].2015 IEEE International Conference on Control System,Computing and Engineering(ICCSCE),2015:424-429.
[16]Wang H Y,Dusmez S,Khaligh A.Design Considerations for a Level-2 On-Board PEV Charger Based on Interleaved Boost PFC and LLC Resonant Converters[C].IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo(ITEC),2013:1-8.
[17]Dow Y S,Son H I,Lee H D.A Study on Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter for Battery Charger on Board[C].8th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia,2011:2694-2698.
[18]Lee J Y,Chae H J.6.6-k W Onboard Charger Design Using DCMPFC Converter with Harmonic Modulation Technique and Two-stage DC/DC Converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(3):1243-1252.
[19]Lai J S,Miwa H,Lai W H.A High-efficiency On-board Charger Utilizing a Hybrid LLC and Phase-Shift DC-DC Converter[C].International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid,2014:1-8.
[20]Tran V L,Yu S H,Tran D D.A Novel Hybrid Converter for 6.6 kWOn Board Charger[C].2015 9th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia(ICPE-ECCE Asia),2015:1528-1534.
[21]Kim Y J,Lee J Y.Full Bridge SRT Hybrid DC/DC Converter for 6.6k W EV On-Board Charger[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2016,65(6):4419-4428.
[22]Yoo K M,Kim K D,Lee J Y.Single-and Three-phase PHEV Onboard Battery Charger Using Small Link Capacitor[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,60(8):3136-3144.
[23]Schmenger J,Zeltner S,Kramer R,et al.A 3.7 kW On-board Charger Based on Modular Circuit Design[C].Industrial Electronics Society,IECON 2015-41st Annual Conference of the IEEE,2015:1382-1387.
[24]包广清,徐欣,王晓兰,等.电动汽车与风电机组协同的微电网调度策略[J].控制工程,2016,23(9):1387-1393.Bao G Q,Xu X,Wang X L,et al.Dispatch Strategy of Micro-grids Based on Coordination between the Electric Vehicle and Wind Power[J].Control Engineering of China,2016,23(9):1387-1393.
[25]Lai J S,Zhang L H,Zahid Z.A High-efficiency 3.3-kW Bidirectional On-Board Charger[C].2015 IEEE 2nd International Future Energy Electronics Conference,2015:1-5.
[26]Kim S,Kang F S.Multifunctional Onboard Battery Charger for Plug-in Electric Vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(6):3460-3472.
[27]Shin C J,Lee J Y.An Electrolytic Capacitor-less Bi-Directional EVOn-Board Charger Using Harmonic Modulation Technique[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(10):5195-5203.
[28]胡龙,罗安,刘月华,等.双向高效率高功率因数电动汽车充电机研究[J].电源技术,2016,40(3):700-704.Hu L,Luo A,Liu Y H,et al.Dual Purpose High Efficient and High Power Factor of Electric Vehicle Charger[J].Chinese Journal of Power Sources,2016,40(3):700-704.
[29]Ebrahimi S,Taghavi Milad,Tahamie F,et al.Integrated Bidirectional Isolated Soft-Switched Battery Charger for Vehicle-to-Grid Technology Using 4-Switch 3Φ-Rectifier[C].Industrial Electronics Society,IECON 2013-39th Annual Conference of the IEEE,2013:906-911.
[30]Thimmesch D.An SCR Inverter with an Integral Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1985,21(4):1023-1029.
[31]Su G J,Tang L.Current Source Inverter Based Traction Drive for EVBattery Charging Applications[C].2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference,2011:1-6.
[32]Subotic I,Bodo N,Levi E,et al.Overview of Fast On-board Integrated Battery Chargers for Electric Vehicles Based on Multiphase Machines and Power Electronics[J].IET Electric Power Applications,2016,10(3):217-229.
[33]Subotic I,Bodo N,Levi E,et al.Isolated Chargers for EVs Incorporating Six-Phase Machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(1):653-664.
[34]李成群,黄宝旺.新型纯电动汽车车载充电器的设计[J].测控技术,2015,34(3):131-133.Li C Q,Huang B W.Design of New All-Electric Vehicle Car Charger[J].Measurement&Control Technology,2015,34(3):131-133.
[35]Subotic I,Bodo N,Levi E,et al.Onboard Integrated Battery Charger for EVs Using an Asymmetrical Nine-Phase Machine[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(5):3285-3295.