基于广义主从分裂的输配电网一体化分布式无功优化方法
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摘要
大量分布式电源接入配电网后,输、配电网间无功电压关系更加密切,传统输、配电网无功优化孤立进行已不再合适。根据输、配电网运行管理的独立性,提出了一种基于广义主从分裂思想的输配电网一体化分布式无功优化方法。输配全局无功优化问题分解为输电网优化主子问题、各配电网优化从子问题及边界一致性判别问题。各子网无功优化子问题采用对偶规划类算法求解,离散变量采用罚函数法处理以保持增广拉格朗日函数的可微性。通过由对偶乘子构造的边界灵敏度实现输、配电网子问题间的解耦,输配电网控制中心间通过传递边界变量及其灵敏度信息实现分布式协调。对IEEE 30节点系统(输电网)和含多种分布式电源的IEEE 33节点系统(配电网)进行仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性。
With the integration of large-scale distributed generators,the reactive power and voltage coupling between transmission network(TN)and distribution network(DN)is becoming more close.The reactive power optimization problems of TN and DNs are not suitable to be solved independently.Due to the independence of operation and control of TN and DNs,a heterogeneous decomposition(HGD)based distributed reactive power optimization method of global TN and DNs is presented.The global reactive power optimization problem can be decomposed into the TN reactive power optimization subproblem,some DN reactive power optimization sub-problems and the boundary consistency coordination sub-problem.The duality theory based algorithms are adopted to solve the reactive power optimization sub-problems.The penalty function is used to handle the discrete variables and therefore the augmented Lagrangian functions are differentiable.The boundary sensitivities,which are constructed by using the boundary dual multipliers,are used to decouple the global reactive power optimization.The coordination between TN and DN is achieved by transferring the boundary variables and sensitivities.The simulation results of the IEEE 30-bus(TN)and IEEE 33-bus(DN)test system with multiple distributed generators show that the proposed method is effective.
With the integration of large-scale distributed generators,the reactive power and voltage coupling between transmission network(TN)and distribution network(DN)is becoming more close.The reactive power optimization problems of TN and DNs are not suitable to be solved independently.Due to the independence of operation and control of TN and DNs,a heterogeneous decomposition(HGD)based distributed reactive power optimization method of global TN and DNs is presented.The global reactive power optimization problem can be decomposed into the TN reactive power optimization subproblem,some DN reactive power optimization sub-problems and the boundary consistency coordination sub-problem.The duality theory based algorithms are adopted to solve the reactive power optimization sub-problems.The penalty function is used to handle the discrete variables and therefore the augmented Lagrangian functions are differentiable.The boundary sensitivities,which are constructed by using the boundary dual multipliers,are used to decouple the global reactive power optimization.The coordination between TN and DN is achieved by transferring the boundary variables and sensitivities.The simulation results of the IEEE 30-bus(TN)and IEEE 33-bus(DN)test system with multiple distributed generators show that the proposed method is effective.
引文
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[22]栗然,唐凡,刘英培,等.双馈风电场新型无功补偿与电压控制方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):16-23.LI Ran,TANG Fan,LIU Yingpei,et al.A new scheme of reactive power compensation and voltage control for DFIGbased wind farm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(19):16-23.
[23]张璐,唐巍,丛鹏伟,等.含光伏发电的配电网有功无功资源综合优化配置[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5525-5533.ZHANG Lu,TANG Wei,CONG Pengwei,et al.Optimal configuration of active-reactive power sources in distribution network with photovoltaic generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5525-5533.
[2]康重庆,姚良忠.高比例可再生能源电力系统的关键科学问题与理论研究框架[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(9):2-11.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170120004.KANG Chongqing,YAO Liangzhong.Key scientific issues and theoretical research framework for power systems with high proportion of renewable energy[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(9):2-11.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170120004.
[3]ANNA K,SAMI R,PERTTI J.Coordinated voltage control in distribution networks including several distributed energy resources[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(4):2010-2020.
[4]王彬,郭庆来,孙宏斌,等.双向互动的省地协调电压控制[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(12):53-57.WANG Bin,GUO Qinglai,SUN Hongbin,et al.Bidirectionalinteraction based voltage control system by coordination between provincial and district power networks[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(12):53-57.
[5]周保荣,羿应棋,张勇军,等.大方式下省地电网无功电压实时趋优控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(11):126-133.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160727010.ZHOU Baorong,YI Yingqi,ZHANG Yongjun,et al.Real-time slack optimal method for voltage and reactive control between provincial and prefectural power networks in heavy load flow mode[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(11):126-133.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160727010.
[6]CONEJO A J,NOGALES F J,PRIETO F J.A decomposition approximate procedure based on an approximate Newton direction[J].Mathematical Programming:Series A,2002,93(3):495-515.
[7]ANDREA G B,TURHAN H D,GRAN A,et al.ALagrangian decomposition algorithm for optimal emergency voltage control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(4):1769-1779.
[8]刘宝英,杨仁刚.采用辅助问题原理的多分区并行无功优化算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(7):47-51.LIU Baoying,YANG Rengang.Multi-subarea parallel reactive power optimization based on APP[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(7):47-51.
[9]王程,刘念.基于交替方向乘子法的互联微电网系统分布式优化调度[J].电网技术,2016,40(9):1-7.WANG Cheng,LIU Nian.Distributed optimal dispatching of interconnected microgrid system based on alternating direction method of multipliers[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(9):1-7.
[10]王建,陈颖,黄少伟,等.基于KKT条件分解的互联电网分布式状态估计算法[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(19):31-36.WANG Jian,CHEN Ying,HUANG Shaowei,et al.Adistributed state estimation method for interconnected power grid based on decomposition of KKT condition[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(19):31-36.
[11]赵维兴,刘明波,缪楠林.基于对角加边模型的多区域无功优化分解算法[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(4):25-29.ZHAO Weixing,LIU Mingbo,MIAO Nanlin.Adecomposition algorithm for multi-area reactive-power optimization based on the block bordered diagonal model[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(4):25-29.
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[13]邵成成,王锡凡,王秀丽,等.主动配电系统与主网的有功协调[J].西安交通大学学报,2014,48(11):58-63.SHAO Chengcheng,WANG Xifan,WANG Xiuli,et al.Real power coordination between active distribution systems and main grid[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2014,48(11):58-63.
[14]LIN Chenhui,WU Wenchuan,ZHANG Boming,et al.Decentralized reactive power optimization method for transmission and distribution networks accommodating largescale DG integration[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2017,8(1):363-373.
[15]SUN Hongbin,GUO Qinglai,ZHANG Boming,et al.Masterslave-splitting based distributed global power flow method for integrated transmission and distribution analysis[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(3):1484-1492.
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[18]LI Zhengshuo,GUO Qinglai,SUN Hongbin,et al.Coordinated transmission and distribution AC optimal power flow[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,9(2):1228-1240.
[19]李志刚,吴文传,张伯明,等.一种基于高斯罚函数的大规模无功优化离散变量处理方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(4):68-76.LI Zhigang,WU Wenchuan,ZHANG Boming,et al.A largescale reactive power optimization method based on Gaussian penalty function with discrete control variables[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(4):68-76.
[20]赵晋泉,侯志俭,吴际舜.牛顿最优潮流算法中离散控制量的新处理方法[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(23):37-40.ZHAO Jinquan,HOU Zhijian,WU Jishun.A novel quadratic penalty function based discretization algorithm for newton optimal power flow[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,1999,23(23):37-40.
[21]谭煌,张璐,丛鹏伟,等.计及分布式电源与电容器协调的配电网日前无功计划[J].电网技术,2014,38(9):2590-2597.TAN Huang,ZHANG Lu,CONG Pengwei,et al.Day-ahead reactive power scheduling for distribution network considering coordination of distributed generation with capacitors[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(9):2590-2597.
[22]栗然,唐凡,刘英培,等.双馈风电场新型无功补偿与电压控制方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(19):16-23.LI Ran,TANG Fan,LIU Yingpei,et al.A new scheme of reactive power compensation and voltage control for DFIGbased wind farm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(19):16-23.
[23]张璐,唐巍,丛鹏伟,等.含光伏发电的配电网有功无功资源综合优化配置[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(31):5525-5533.ZHANG Lu,TANG Wei,CONG Pengwei,et al.Optimal configuration of active-reactive power sources in distribution network with photovoltaic generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(31):5525-5533.