丹江口库湾浮游植物群落与环境因子关系研究
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摘要
为掌握丹江口库湾富营养化状况,确保南水北调中线水源安全,于2017年分季节对丹江口库湾浮游植物群落结构和14项水文水环境因子进行了4次监测,并运用相关分析、冗余分析(RDA)等多元统计方法定量分析了浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系。监测发现,丹江口水库共鉴定出浮游植物7门57属,年均藻类密度4.89×10~6 cells/L,变幅2.73×10~6～6.87×10~6 cells/L。丹江口水库群落组成以硅藻、蓝藻和绿藻为主;结构变化规律为由春季的硅藻、蓝藻向夏季的绿藻、蓝藻和隐藻,以及秋、冬季的硅藻、隐藻和蓝藻转变。蓝藻门的束丝藻和隐藻门的隐藻为库湾四季的优势种。通过Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数和Pielou指数分析认为,夏季藻类多样性高,绿藻优势度高,冬季藻类多样性相对较低,种群数量差异不显著。根据综合营养状态指数评价的结果可知,库湾富营养化程度处于中营养和富营养化水平,其中总氮贡献较大,总氮浓度范围在1.08～1.88 mg/L之间,均值为1.47 mg/L,磷为库湾富营养化的限制因子。RDA分析结果表明,除氮、磷营养盐外,温度、二氧化硅和电导率等也是影响库湾浮游植物群落分布的重要环境因子。
In order to explore the eutrophication of Danjiangkou Reservoir and ensure the security of water quality in the middle line of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, community structure of phytoplankton and 14 environmental variables in the reservoir bays were monitored seasonally in 2017. According to the monitored data, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton and the main environmental factors influencing the distribution pattern with Pearson correlation analysis and Redundancy Analysis. 7 phylum and 57 genera phytoplankton were identified and the annual algae density ranged from 2.73×10~6 to 6.87×10~6 cells/L, with an average of 4.89×10~6 cells/L. The phytoplankton community was dominated by Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, and Chlorophyta. Diatoms and Cyanophyta dominated in spring. Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Cryptophyta dominated in summer. While Diatoms, Cryptophyta and Cyanophyta dominated in autumn and winter. The dominant species in four seasons were Aphanizomenon(Cyanophyceae) and Cryptophyceae. According to the indices of Shannon-Wiener, Margalef and Pielou, in summer, algae diversity was high, and Cyanophyta was dominated. In winter, algae diversity was relatively low, and there was no significant difference in population numbers. According to the comprehensive nutritional status index, the eutrophication degree of the bay was around intermediate nutrition and eutrophication level. Total nitrogen had impacts on the distribution of phytoplankton. Total nitrogen concentration ranged from 1.08 to 1.88 mg/L with an average of 1.47 mg/L. phosphorus concentration was the main factor influencing algae density in the Danjiangkou Reservoir bay. RDA analysis showed that the major environmental factors affecting phytoplankton community were water temperature, silica and conductivity.
In order to explore the eutrophication of Danjiangkou Reservoir and ensure the security of water quality in the middle line of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, community structure of phytoplankton and 14 environmental variables in the reservoir bays were monitored seasonally in 2017. According to the monitored data, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton and the main environmental factors influencing the distribution pattern with Pearson correlation analysis and Redundancy Analysis. 7 phylum and 57 genera phytoplankton were identified and the annual algae density ranged from 2.73×10~6 to 6.87×10~6 cells/L, with an average of 4.89×10~6 cells/L. The phytoplankton community was dominated by Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, and Chlorophyta. Diatoms and Cyanophyta dominated in spring. Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Cryptophyta dominated in summer. While Diatoms, Cryptophyta and Cyanophyta dominated in autumn and winter. The dominant species in four seasons were Aphanizomenon(Cyanophyceae) and Cryptophyceae. According to the indices of Shannon-Wiener, Margalef and Pielou, in summer, algae diversity was high, and Cyanophyta was dominated. In winter, algae diversity was relatively low, and there was no significant difference in population numbers. According to the comprehensive nutritional status index, the eutrophication degree of the bay was around intermediate nutrition and eutrophication level. Total nitrogen had impacts on the distribution of phytoplankton. Total nitrogen concentration ranged from 1.08 to 1.88 mg/L with an average of 1.47 mg/L. phosphorus concentration was the main factor influencing algae density in the Danjiangkou Reservoir bay. RDA analysis showed that the major environmental factors affecting phytoplankton community were water temperature, silica and conductivity.
引文
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[21] 谭香,夏小玲,程晓莉,等.丹江口水库浮游植物群落时空动态及其多样性指数[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):2875-2882.
[22] 王英华,陈雷,牛远,等.丹江口水库浮游植物时空变化特征[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(5):1057-1065.
[23] 马威,孙军.夏、冬季南海北部浮游植物群落特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):621-632.
[24] 况琪军,马沛明,胡征宇,等.湖泊富营养化的藻类生物学评价与治理研究进展[J].安全与环境学报,2005,5(2):87-91.
[25] 詹玉涛,杨昌述,范正年.釜溪河浮游植物分布及其与水质污染的相关性研究[J].中国环境科学,1991,11(1):29-33.
[26] DW Blinn.Diatom Community Structure Along Physicochemical Gradients in Saline Lakes[J].Ecology,1993,74(4):1246-1263.
[27] Habib O A,Tippett R,Murphy K J.Seasonal changes in phytoplankton community structure in relation to physico-chemical factors in Loch Lomond,Scotland[J].Hydrobiologia,1997,350(1/3):63-79.
[28] 吴丰昌,金相灿,张润宇,等.论有机氮磷在湖泊水环境中的作用和重要性[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(1):1-7.
[29] 申恒伦,徐耀阳,王岚,等.丹江口水库浮游植物时空动态及影响因素[J].植物科学学报,2011,29(6):683-690.
[30] 胡胜华,高云霓,张世羊,等.武汉月湖水体营养物质的分布与硅藻的生态指示[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):856-864.
[31] 丰茂武,吴云海,冯仕训,等.不同氮磷比对藻类生长的影响[J].生态环境,2008,17(5):1759-1763.
[2] 李然然,章光新,张蕾.查干湖湿地浮游植物与环境因子关系的多元分析[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2663-2673.
[3] 朱为菊,庞婉婷,尤庆敏,等.淮河流域春季浮游植物群落结构特征及其水质评价[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(3):637-645.
[4] Kutka F J,Richards C.Relating Diatom Assemblage Structure to Stream Habitat Quality[J].Journal of the North American,1996,15(4):469-480.
[5] Reavie E D,Jicha T M,Angradi T R,et al.Algal assemblages for large river monitoring comparison among biovolume,absolute and relative abundance metrics[J].Ecological Indicators,2010,10(2):167-177.
[6] Hill B H,Herlihy A T,Kaufmann P R,et al.Assessment of streams of the eastern United States using a periphyton index of biotic integrity[J].Ecological Indicators,2003,2(4):325-338.
[7] 孔繁翔,高光.大型浅水富营养化湖泊中蓝藻水华形成机理的思考[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):589-595.
[8] 王英华,陈雷.丹江口水库浮游植物分布特征及影响因子[J].资源节约与环境保护,2016(3):178.
[9] 汪朝辉,谭勇,李喆,等.丹江口水库典型库湾及支流富营养化评价研究[J].人民长江,2012,43(8):61-64.
[10] 尹炜,史志华,雷阿林.丹江口水库水环境问题分析研究[J].人民长江,2011,42(13):90-94.
[11] Hasle G.,Sournia A.Phytoplankton Manual,Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology[M].Paris:UNESCO,1978.
[12] Hu H.J.,Wei Y.X.The freshwater algae of China:systematic,taxonomy and ecology[M].Beijing:Sciences Press,2006.
[13] Sun J.,Liu D.Y.Study on phytoplankton biomass:Ⅰ.Phytoplankton measurement biomass from volume[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1999,21(2):75-85.
[14] 国家环保局.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[15] 徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐鲹渔场的关系[J].生态学杂志,1989(19):13-15.
[16] 王明翠,刘雪芹,张建辉.湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准[J].中国环境监测,2002,18(5):47-49.
[17] Lorenzen C J.Determination of chlorophyll and Determination of chlorophyll and pheopigments:spectrophotometric equations[J].Limnology & Oceanography,1967,12(2):343-346.
[18] 邱光胜,涂敏,叶丹,等.三峡库区支流富营养化状况普查[J].人民长江,2008,39(13):1-4.
[19] 邬红娟,余秋梅,沈蕴芬,等.汉江中下游河段生态系统结构特征及其沿程变化.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)[J].2005,33(10):99-101.
[20] 李运贤,张乃群,李玉英,等.南水北调中线水源区浮游植物[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(3):219-225.
[21] 谭香,夏小玲,程晓莉,等.丹江口水库浮游植物群落时空动态及其多样性指数[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):2875-2882.
[22] 王英华,陈雷,牛远,等.丹江口水库浮游植物时空变化特征[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(5):1057-1065.
[23] 马威,孙军.夏、冬季南海北部浮游植物群落特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):621-632.
[24] 况琪军,马沛明,胡征宇,等.湖泊富营养化的藻类生物学评价与治理研究进展[J].安全与环境学报,2005,5(2):87-91.
[25] 詹玉涛,杨昌述,范正年.釜溪河浮游植物分布及其与水质污染的相关性研究[J].中国环境科学,1991,11(1):29-33.
[26] DW Blinn.Diatom Community Structure Along Physicochemical Gradients in Saline Lakes[J].Ecology,1993,74(4):1246-1263.
[27] Habib O A,Tippett R,Murphy K J.Seasonal changes in phytoplankton community structure in relation to physico-chemical factors in Loch Lomond,Scotland[J].Hydrobiologia,1997,350(1/3):63-79.
[28] 吴丰昌,金相灿,张润宇,等.论有机氮磷在湖泊水环境中的作用和重要性[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(1):1-7.
[29] 申恒伦,徐耀阳,王岚,等.丹江口水库浮游植物时空动态及影响因素[J].植物科学学报,2011,29(6):683-690.
[30] 胡胜华,高云霓,张世羊,等.武汉月湖水体营养物质的分布与硅藻的生态指示[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):856-864.
[31] 丰茂武,吴云海,冯仕训,等.不同氮磷比对藻类生长的影响[J].生态环境,2008,17(5):1759-1763.