我国创业政策的内部结构与政策工具挖掘——基于2013—2018年中央和部委政策文本的分析
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摘要
采用文本挖掘、网络分析、政策工具挖掘等多种方法对我国137项创业政策文本分析发现,我国创业政策工具结构还有待合理运用,可以进一步增加政府小微采购、对外交流等开拓市场需求的政策,充分发挥政府导向,挖掘与"一带一路"国家的合作可能性,并体现在创业政策设计中。现行政策还存在重复发文占比较大问题,一种政策工具多次重复出现于各层面国家政策之中。创业政策稳定性导向较高,探索性导向不足,关注创业拉动就业,关注大学生、农民工等群体的创业,但是对相关小微发展的支持性政策设计有所不足。
Using text mining, network analysis, policy tools mining and other methods,we analyze the 137 entrepreneurial policies in China. It is found that the structure of China's entrepreneurial policy tools still needs to be reasonably used, which can further increase the government's policy of small and micro procurement and external exchanges to expand the market demand, give full play to the government's guidance, and explore the possibility of cooperation with the countries along "the Belt and Road", which is reflected in the design of entrepreneurship policy. In the current policy, there is still a big problem of repeated publication, and a policy tool has repeatedly appeared in national policies at all levels. Policy stability orientation is higher, and exploratory orientation is insufficient. The policies focus on the entrepreneurship to stimulate employment, the entrepreneurship of college students, migrant workers and other groups, but the design of supportive policies for relevant small and micro development is insufficient.
Using text mining, network analysis, policy tools mining and other methods,we analyze the 137 entrepreneurial policies in China. It is found that the structure of China's entrepreneurial policy tools still needs to be reasonably used, which can further increase the government's policy of small and micro procurement and external exchanges to expand the market demand, give full play to the government's guidance, and explore the possibility of cooperation with the countries along "the Belt and Road", which is reflected in the design of entrepreneurship policy. In the current policy, there is still a big problem of repeated publication, and a policy tool has repeatedly appeared in national policies at all levels. Policy stability orientation is higher, and exploratory orientation is insufficient. The policies focus on the entrepreneurship to stimulate employment, the entrepreneurship of college students, migrant workers and other groups, but the design of supportive policies for relevant small and micro development is insufficient.
引文
[1]李克强推进大众创业万众创新,国务院22份相关文件部署[EB/OL].(2015-08-05)[2018-08-26].中华人民共和国中央人民政府网,www.gov.cn.
[2]Lois Stevenson,Anders LUndstrom.Entrepreneurship Policy:Theory and Practice[M].New York:Kluwer Acade-mic Pulishers,2005:47.
[3]白彬,张再生.基于政策工具视角的以创业拉动就业政策分析:基于政策文本的内容分析和定量分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016(12):92-100.
[4]黄萃.政策文献量化研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2016(3):80-81.
[5]Kirschen E S.Economic Policy in Our Time[M].Chicago:Rand McNally,1964.
[6]Rothwell R,Walter Zegveld W.Reindustralization and Technology[M].London:Longman,1985.
[7]McDonnell L M,Elmore R F.Getting the job done:alternative policy instruments[J].Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis.1987,9(2):133-152.
[8]易朝辉,夏清华.国外创业型企业成长与创业政策研究[C].长沙:第三届中国管理学会年会,2008.
[9]李宏岳.大学生创客创业政策的基本特征和发展态势[J].情报杂志,2017(1):82-107.
[10]伍虹儒,官建成.科研人员创新创业政策评价研究[J].技术经济与管理研究,2018(2):42-47.
[11]苏敬勤,许昕傲,李晓昂.基于共词分析的我国技术创新政策结构关系研究[J].科技进步与对策,2013(9):110-114.
[12]张幸芝,雷润玲,杨超.文本挖掘-基于ROSTCM和NetDraw的内容分析[J].科技文献信息管理,2017(1):17.
[13]张永安,耿喆,王燕妮.区域科技创新政策分类与政策工具挖掘[J].科技进步与对策,2015(9):116-122.
[2]Lois Stevenson,Anders LUndstrom.Entrepreneurship Policy:Theory and Practice[M].New York:Kluwer Acade-mic Pulishers,2005:47.
[3]白彬,张再生.基于政策工具视角的以创业拉动就业政策分析:基于政策文本的内容分析和定量分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2016(12):92-100.
[4]黄萃.政策文献量化研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2016(3):80-81.
[5]Kirschen E S.Economic Policy in Our Time[M].Chicago:Rand McNally,1964.
[6]Rothwell R,Walter Zegveld W.Reindustralization and Technology[M].London:Longman,1985.
[7]McDonnell L M,Elmore R F.Getting the job done:alternative policy instruments[J].Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis.1987,9(2):133-152.
[8]易朝辉,夏清华.国外创业型企业成长与创业政策研究[C].长沙:第三届中国管理学会年会,2008.
[9]李宏岳.大学生创客创业政策的基本特征和发展态势[J].情报杂志,2017(1):82-107.
[10]伍虹儒,官建成.科研人员创新创业政策评价研究[J].技术经济与管理研究,2018(2):42-47.
[11]苏敬勤,许昕傲,李晓昂.基于共词分析的我国技术创新政策结构关系研究[J].科技进步与对策,2013(9):110-114.
[12]张幸芝,雷润玲,杨超.文本挖掘-基于ROSTCM和NetDraw的内容分析[J].科技文献信息管理,2017(1):17.
[13]张永安,耿喆,王燕妮.区域科技创新政策分类与政策工具挖掘[J].科技进步与对策,2015(9):116-122.