红松半同胞家系变异分析及选择研究
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摘要
为评价和筛选优质红松种质资源,以吉林省三岔子林业局国家红松良种基地的53个28年生红松子代半同胞家系为材料,对其生长性状(树高、地径、胸径、三米径、枝下高和第六轮枝高)及形质性状(分枝角、通直度和轮枝数)进行测定。方差分析结果表明,除部分形质性状外,大部分生长性状在各变异来源间均达极显著差异(P <0. 01);各性状表型变异系数变化范围为6. 97%～37. 39%,遗传变异系数变化范围为1. 76%～26. 75%;各性状家系遗传力变化范围为0. 136～0. 746;单株遗传力变化范围为0. 031～0. 827,个别性状遗传力较低。相关性分析结果表明,除分枝角外,其余各性状间大部分呈极显著正相关(r> 0. 073)。一般配合力分析结果表明,不同性状一般配合力高的家系差异较大,难以进行联合筛选,需进一步进行分析。主成分分析结果表明,三个主成分的累计贡献率达72. 31%,表明三个主成分包含了供试家系生长及形质性状的大部分信息。树高、地径、胸径、三米径和材积对主成分Ⅰ的贡献较大,且描述红松的生长性状,因此可作为选择优良家系的评价指标。利用多性状综合评价法对家系及单株进行选择,以家系材积现实增益超过35%为标准,可筛选出5个优良家系,入选率为10%,入选的优良家系树高、地径、胸径、三米径和材积平均值分别为7. 90 m、25. 02 cm、19. 21 cm、16. 23 cm和0. 107 4 kg·m~(-3),现实增益分别为3. 94%、14. 71%、17. 26%、19. 34%和39. 48%。对优良家系内的单株进行选择,按单株材积遗传增益超过100%为标准,可筛选出6株优良单株,入选率为4%,入选单株树高、地径、胸径、三米径和材积平均值比总平均值分别高1. 60 m、8. 54 cm、7. 04 cm、6. 69 cm和0. 097 kg·m~(-3),遗传增益分别为5. 99%、29. 92%、35. 53%、37. 06%和102. 04%。所选优良家系及单株可为良种审定提供基础,也可以为种子园的营建、改建提供材料。
In order to evaluate and select superior germplasm of Pinus koraiensis,with the 28-year-old 53 halfsib P. koraiensis families in Sanchazi forestry bureau,Jilin Province as materials,we measured the growth traits( tree height,basal diameter,diameter at breast height,diameter at 3 m,tree height under the first branch and tree height under the sixth branch) and shape traits( branch angle,stem straightness degree and branch number per node). Variance analysis showed that except for some of the shape traits,most of the growth traits showed strongly significant differences among the sources of variation( P < 0. 01). The phenotypic coefficient of variation of all the traits ranged in 6. 97%-37. 39%. The genotypic coefficient of variation of all the traits ranged in1. 76%-26. 75%; The family heredity of all the traits ranged from 0. 031-0. 827; The single heredity of all the traits ranged in 0. 019-0. 864,lower heritability of a few traits. Correlation analysis results showed that there were significantly positive correlations( r > 0. 073) of the most traits except for branch angle. The results of general combining ability analysis showed that the families with high general combining ability of different traits had great differences,which was difficult to carry out combined screening and further analysis was needed. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of the three principal components was 72. 31%,which indicated that the three principal components contained most information of the growth and shape traits of the tested families. Tree height,basal diameter,diameter at breast height,diameter at 3 m height and volume contributed greatly to principal component Ⅰ,and described the growth characters of P. koraiensis,so it can be used as an evaluation index for selecting excellent families. Selection of family and single plant by multiple-trait comprehensive evaluation,based on the real gain of family volume over 35%,5 excellent families were selected,and the selection rate was 10%,average tree height,basal diameter,diameter at breast height,diameter at 3 m height and volume were 7. 90 m,25. 02 cm,19. 21 cm,16. 23 cm and 0. 107 4 kg·m~(-3),and the real gains were 3. 94%,14. 71%,17. 26%,19. 34% and 39. 48%,respectively.Selecting single plants within the excellent families,according to the standard of genetic gain over 100% of single plant volume,6 excellent individual plants were selected,and the selection rate was 4%,the tree height,basal diameter,diameter at breast height,diameter at 3 m height and volume mean values of the single plants were 1. 60 m,8. 54 cm,7. 04 cm,6. 69 cm and 0. 097 kg·m~(-3) higher than the total average,and the genetic gains were 5. 99%,29. 92%,35. 53%,37. 06% and 102. 04%,respectively. The selected excellent families and individuals can provide the basis for validation of improved varieties and provide materials for the construction or reconstruction of the orchard.
In order to evaluate and select superior germplasm of Pinus koraiensis,with the 28-year-old 53 halfsib P. koraiensis families in Sanchazi forestry bureau,Jilin Province as materials,we measured the growth traits( tree height,basal diameter,diameter at breast height,diameter at 3 m,tree height under the first branch and tree height under the sixth branch) and shape traits( branch angle,stem straightness degree and branch number per node). Variance analysis showed that except for some of the shape traits,most of the growth traits showed strongly significant differences among the sources of variation( P < 0. 01). The phenotypic coefficient of variation of all the traits ranged in 6. 97%-37. 39%. The genotypic coefficient of variation of all the traits ranged in1. 76%-26. 75%; The family heredity of all the traits ranged from 0. 031-0. 827; The single heredity of all the traits ranged in 0. 019-0. 864,lower heritability of a few traits. Correlation analysis results showed that there were significantly positive correlations( r > 0. 073) of the most traits except for branch angle. The results of general combining ability analysis showed that the families with high general combining ability of different traits had great differences,which was difficult to carry out combined screening and further analysis was needed. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of the three principal components was 72. 31%,which indicated that the three principal components contained most information of the growth and shape traits of the tested families. Tree height,basal diameter,diameter at breast height,diameter at 3 m height and volume contributed greatly to principal component Ⅰ,and described the growth characters of P. koraiensis,so it can be used as an evaluation index for selecting excellent families. Selection of family and single plant by multiple-trait comprehensive evaluation,based on the real gain of family volume over 35%,5 excellent families were selected,and the selection rate was 10%,average tree height,basal diameter,diameter at breast height,diameter at 3 m height and volume were 7. 90 m,25. 02 cm,19. 21 cm,16. 23 cm and 0. 107 4 kg·m~(-3),and the real gains were 3. 94%,14. 71%,17. 26%,19. 34% and 39. 48%,respectively.Selecting single plants within the excellent families,according to the standard of genetic gain over 100% of single plant volume,6 excellent individual plants were selected,and the selection rate was 4%,the tree height,basal diameter,diameter at breast height,diameter at 3 m height and volume mean values of the single plants were 1. 60 m,8. 54 cm,7. 04 cm,6. 69 cm and 0. 097 kg·m~(-3) higher than the total average,and the genetic gains were 5. 99%,29. 92%,35. 53%,37. 06% and 102. 04%,respectively. The selected excellent families and individuals can provide the basis for validation of improved varieties and provide materials for the construction or reconstruction of the orchard.
引文
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2 .刘德栋.我国红松良种选育研究进展[J].防护林科技,2017(3):96-99,116.Liu D D. Research progress on breeding of Pinus koraiensis in China[J]. Protection Forest Science and Technology,2017(3):96-99,116.
3 . Lim T K. Pinus koraiensis[M].//Lim T K. Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. Dordrecht:Springer,2012.
4 .郭景瑞,周鑫.赤霉素诱导对红松幼树开花结实的影响[J].林业勘查设计,2013(2):82-83.Guo J R,Zhou X. The effect of GA for the flowering of fruiting of Pinus koraiensis[J]. Forest Investigation Design,2013(2):82-83.
5 .曹世刚.清河城红松种子园高产结实无性系选择的研究[J].防护林科技,2015(5):61-62,67.Cao S G. Selection of high-yielding clones of Qinghecheng Pinus koraiensis seed orchard[J]. Protection Forest Science and Technology,2015(5):61-62,67.
6 . Wang H M,Xia D A,Wang W J,et al. Genetic variations of wood properties and growth characters of Korean pines from different provenances[J]. Journal of Forestry Research,2002,13(4):277-280.
7 .党常顺,杜明广,秦桂珍,等.红松人工林改为坚果园的林分选择[J].中国林副特产,1998(4):5-7.Dang C G,Du M G,Qin G Z,et al. The stand selection of the Pinus koraiensis plantation to the nut garden[J]. Quarterly of Forest By-Product and Speciality in China,1998(4):5-7.
8 .张凌梅.优良红松种苗繁殖技术[J].林业科技通讯,2015(12):31-32.Zhang L M. Excellent Pinus koraiensis seedlings breeding techniques[J]. Practical Forestry Technology,2015(12):31-32.
9 .孙志学.红松种子园的营建与经济效益[J].现代园艺,2013(10):35.Sun Z X. The construction and economic benefit of Pinus koraiensis seed orchard[J]. Xiandai Horticulture,2013(10):35.
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