优化内充液对离子选择电极检测下限的影响
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摘要
基于国内外最新研究工作,本文系统总结了优化离子选择电极中内充液的办法,包括直接降低内充液中的主离子浓度、将内充液中的主离子转化为难溶盐、在内充液中加入离子缓冲剂和离子交换树脂,分析了它们各自的优势和所面临的问题。提出要想从根本上解决增塑PVC传感膜中的过膜离子流,最好的办法就是革除增塑剂,发展新型的而无需外增塑剂的柔性传感膜。这一总结为聚合物膜离子选择电极的高性能化明确了研究方向。
In order to improve the performance of ion-selective electrodes,according to the latest literature at home and abroad,approaches to optimizing the inner filling solution of polymeric membrane ion- selective electrodes were systematically summarized,including directly dilute the inner filling solution,forming a sparingly soluble salt with the primary ion,added ion buffers to the inner filling solution,added ion-exchanger resins to the inner filling solution,and advantages and problems of these approaches were also analyzed. New membrane matrices without or with a reduced amount of plasticizer were proposed in order to decrease ion flux across sensing membrane in essence. This review revealed the future direction for developing the polymer membrane-based ion-selective electrodes with high performance.
In order to improve the performance of ion-selective electrodes,according to the latest literature at home and abroad,approaches to optimizing the inner filling solution of polymeric membrane ion- selective electrodes were systematically summarized,including directly dilute the inner filling solution,forming a sparingly soluble salt with the primary ion,added ion buffers to the inner filling solution,added ion-exchanger resins to the inner filling solution,and advantages and problems of these approaches were also analyzed. New membrane matrices without or with a reduced amount of plasticizer were proposed in order to decrease ion flux across sensing membrane in essence. This review revealed the future direction for developing the polymer membrane-based ion-selective electrodes with high performance.
引文
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[20]Peper S,Ceresa A,Bakker E,et al.Improved Detection Limits and Sensitivities of Potentiometric Titrations[J].Anal.Chem.,2001,73(15):3768-3775.
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[22]Malon A,Radu A,Qin W,et al.Improving the Detection Limit of Anion-Selective Electrodes:An Iodide-Selective Membrane with a Nanomolar Detection Limit[J].Anal.Chem.,2003,75(15):3865-3871.
[23]Ceresa A,Radu A,Peper S,et al.Rational Design of Potentiometric Trace Level Ion Sensors.A Ag+-Selective Electrode with a 100 ppt Detection Limit[J].Anal.Chem.,2002,74(16):4027-4036.
[24]Jaworska E,Kisiel A,Maksymiuk K,et al.Lowering the Resistivity of Polyacrylate Ion-Selective Membranes by Platinum Nanoparticles Addition[J].Anal.Chem.,2011,83(1):438-445.
[25]Reichmuth P,Sigrist H,Badertscher M,et al.Immobilization of Biomolecules on Polyurethane Membrane Surfaces[J].Bioconjug.Chem.,2002,13(1):90-96.
[26]Tom L,Júlia S,Fredrik S,et al.Polyaniline Nanoparticle-Based SolidContact Silicone Rubber Ion-Selective Electrodes for Ultratrace Measurements[J].Anal.Chem.,2010,82(22):9425-9432.
[27]Li X G,Feng H,Huang M R,et al.Ultrasensitive Pb(II)Potentiometric Sensor Based on Copolyaniline Nanoparticles in a Plasticizer-Free Membrane with a Long Lifetime[J].Anal Chem.,2012,84(1):134-140.
[28]黄美荣,丁永波,施凤英,等.基于高选择性氟液相传感膜的离子传感器[J].化学进展,2012,24(11):2224-2233.
[2]张军,赵月前,丁家旺,等.基于Schiff-base结构化合物载体的汞离子选择性电极的制备与表征[J].分析测试学报,2010,30(2):207-212.
[3]张理,李雪,陈娟,等.基于离子液体的硫酸根离子选择电极的研究[J].分析科学学报,2012,28(1):11-15.
[4]Szigeti Z,Vigassy T,Bakker E,et al.Approaches to Improving the Lower Detection Limit of Polymeric Membrane Ion-Selective Electrodes[J].Electroanal.,2006,18(13-14):1254-1265.
[5]Radu A,Peper S,Bakker E,et al.Guidelines for Improving the Lower Detection Limit of Ion-Selective Electrodes:A Systematic Approach[J].Electroanal.,2007,19(2-3):144-154.
[6]Gyurcsányi R E,Pergel,Nagy R,et al.Direct Evidence of Ionic Fluxes Across Ion-Selective Membranes:A Scanning Electrochemical Microscopic and Potentiometric Study[J].Anal.Chem.,2001,73(9):2104-2111.
[7]黄美荣,丁永波,李新贵.PVC膜离子选择电极检测下限的优化[J].化学进展,2012,24(8):1560-1571.
[8]Mathison S,Bakker E.Effect of Transmembrane Electrolyte Diffusion on the Detection Limit of Carrier-Based Potentiometric Ion Sensors[J].Anal.Chem.,1998,70(2):303-309.
[9]Kim B H,Hong H P,Cho K T,et al.Silver(I)ion selective ionophores containing dithiocarbamoyl moieties on steroid backbone[J].Talanta.,2005,66(3):794-804.
[10]Huang M R,Ding Y B,Li X G.Lead-ion potentiometric sensor based on electrically conducting microparticles of sulfonic phenylenediamine copolymer[J].Analyst.,2013,138(13):3820-3829.
[11]Wang C Y,Hu X Y,Leng Z Z,et al.Nanomolar Detection of Amitriptyline by Potentiometry with Ion Exchanger Based PVC Membrane ISEs[J].Electroanal.,2003,15(8):709-714.
[12]Plaza S,Ceresa A,Bakker E,et al.Improved Detection Limits and Sensitivities of Potentiometric Titrations[J].Anal.Chem.,2001,73(15):3768-3775.
[13]Szigeti Z,Bitter I,To'th K,et al.A novel polymeric membrane electrode for the potentiometric analysis of Cu2+in drinking water[J].Anal.Chim.Acta.,2005,532(2):129-136.
[14]Sokalski T,Pretsch E.Low detection limit of selective membrane electrodes[P]:United States,US 6126801.
[15]Sokalski T,Ceresa A,Fibbioli M,et al.Lowering the Detection Limit of Solvent Polymeric Ion-Selective Membrane Electrodes.2.Influence of Composition of Sample and Internal Electrolyte Solution[J].Anal.Chem.,1999,71(6):1210-1214.
[16]Sokalski T,Ceresa A,Zwickl T,et al.Large Improvement of the Lower Detection Limit of Ion-Selective Polymer Membrane Electrodes[J].Am J.Chem.Soc.,1997,119(46):11347-11348.
[17]Ceresa A,Sokalski T,Pretsch E.Influence of key parameters on the lower detection limit and response function of solvent polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes[J].J.Electroanal.Chem.,2001,501(1-2):70-76.
[18]Ion C A,Bakker E,Pretsch E.Potentiometric Cd2+-selective electrode with a detection limit in the low ppt range[J].Anal.Chim.Acta.,2001,440(2):71-79.
[19]王倩文,于顺洋,梁荣宁,等.低检出限聚合物膜镉离子选择性电极的研制及应用[J].分析试验室,2011,30(10):34-37.
[20]Peper S,Ceresa A,Bakker E,et al.Improved Detection Limits and Sensitivities of Potentiometric Titrations[J].Anal.Chem.,2001,73(15):3768-3775.
[21]Qin W,Zwickl T,Pretsch E.Improved Detection Limits and Unbiased Selectivity Coefficients Obtained by Using Ion-Exchange Resins in the Inner Reference Solution of Ion-Selective Polymeric Membrane Electrodes[J].Anal.Chem.,2000,72(14):3236-3240.
[22]Malon A,Radu A,Qin W,et al.Improving the Detection Limit of Anion-Selective Electrodes:An Iodide-Selective Membrane with a Nanomolar Detection Limit[J].Anal.Chem.,2003,75(15):3865-3871.
[23]Ceresa A,Radu A,Peper S,et al.Rational Design of Potentiometric Trace Level Ion Sensors.A Ag+-Selective Electrode with a 100 ppt Detection Limit[J].Anal.Chem.,2002,74(16):4027-4036.
[24]Jaworska E,Kisiel A,Maksymiuk K,et al.Lowering the Resistivity of Polyacrylate Ion-Selective Membranes by Platinum Nanoparticles Addition[J].Anal.Chem.,2011,83(1):438-445.
[25]Reichmuth P,Sigrist H,Badertscher M,et al.Immobilization of Biomolecules on Polyurethane Membrane Surfaces[J].Bioconjug.Chem.,2002,13(1):90-96.
[26]Tom L,Júlia S,Fredrik S,et al.Polyaniline Nanoparticle-Based SolidContact Silicone Rubber Ion-Selective Electrodes for Ultratrace Measurements[J].Anal.Chem.,2010,82(22):9425-9432.
[27]Li X G,Feng H,Huang M R,et al.Ultrasensitive Pb(II)Potentiometric Sensor Based on Copolyaniline Nanoparticles in a Plasticizer-Free Membrane with a Long Lifetime[J].Anal Chem.,2012,84(1):134-140.
[28]黄美荣,丁永波,施凤英,等.基于高选择性氟液相传感膜的离子传感器[J].化学进展,2012,24(11):2224-2233.